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Correno MB, Hansen C, Carlin T, Vuillerme N. Objective Measurement of Walking Activity Using Wearable Technologies in People with Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22124551. [PMID: 35746329 PMCID: PMC9229799 DOI: 10.3390/s22124551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with a multitude of disease variations including motor and non-motor symptoms. Quality of life and symptom management may be improved with physical activity. Due to technological advancement, development of small new wearable devices recently emerged and allowed objective measurement of walking activity in daily life. This review was specifically designed to synthesize literature on objective walking activity measurements using wearable devices of patients with PD. Inclusion criteria included patients with a diagnosis of PD and exclusion criteria included studies using animal models or mixed syndromes. Participants were not required to undergo any type of intervention and the studies must have reported at least one output that quantifies daily walking activity. Three databases were systematically searched with no limitation on publication date. Twenty-six studies were eligible and included in the systematic review. The most frequently used device was the ActiGraph GT3X which was used in 10 studies. Duration of monitoring presented a range from 8 h to one year. Nevertheless, 11 studies measured walking activity during a 7-day period. On-body sensor wearing location differed throughout the included studies showing eight positions, with the waist, ankle, and wrist being the most frequently used locations. The main procedures consisted of measurement of walking hours during a 2-day period or more, equipped with a triaxial accelerometer at the dominant hip or ankle. It is also important for further research to take care of different factors such as the population, their pathology, the period, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Baptiste Correno
- Laboratory AGEIS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.B.C.); (T.C.); (N.V.)
- LabCom Telecom4Health, Orange Labs, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Inria, Grenoble INP-UGA, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Clint Hansen
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas Carlin
- Laboratory AGEIS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.B.C.); (T.C.); (N.V.)
- LabCom Telecom4Health, Orange Labs, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Inria, Grenoble INP-UGA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Vuillerme
- Laboratory AGEIS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.B.C.); (T.C.); (N.V.)
- LabCom Telecom4Health, Orange Labs, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Inria, Grenoble INP-UGA, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
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Adams JL, Dinesh K, Snyder CW, Xiong M, Tarolli CG, Sharma S, Dorsey ER, Sharma G. A real-world study of wearable sensors in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:106. [PMID: 34845224 PMCID: PMC8629990 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00248-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most wearable sensor studies in Parkinson's disease have been conducted in the clinic and thus may not be a true representation of everyday symptoms and symptom variation. Our goal was to measure activity, gait, and tremor using wearable sensors inside and outside the clinic. In this observational study, we assessed motor features using wearable sensors developed by MC10, Inc. Participants wore five sensors, one on each limb and on the trunk, during an in-person clinic visit and for two days thereafter. Using the accelerometer data from the sensors, activity states (lying, sitting, standing, walking) were determined and steps per day were also computed by aggregating over 2 s walking intervals. For non-walking periods, tremor durations were identified that had a characteristic frequency between 3 and 10 Hz. We analyzed data from 17 individuals with Parkinson's disease and 17 age-matched controls over an average 45.4 h of sensor wear. Individuals with Parkinson's walked significantly less (median [inter-quartile range]: 4980 [2835-7163] steps/day) than controls (7367 [5106-8928] steps/day; P = 0.04). Tremor was present for 1.6 [0.4-5.9] hours (median [range]) per day in most-affected hands (MDS-UPDRS 3.17a or 3.17b = 1-4) of individuals with Parkinson's, which was significantly higher than the 0.5 [0.3-2.3] hours per day in less-affected hands (MDS-UPDRS 3.17a or 3.17b = 0). These results, which require replication in larger cohorts, advance our understanding of the manifestations of Parkinson's in real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Adams
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Karthik Dinesh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Mulin Xiong
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Christopher G Tarolli
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Saloni Sharma
- Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - E Ray Dorsey
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Pieruccini-Faria F, Ehgoetz Martens KA, Silveira CR, Jones JA, Almeida QJ. Interactions between cognitive and sensory load while planning and controlling complex gait adaptations in Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurol 2014; 14:250. [PMID: 25528474 PMCID: PMC4302136 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-014-0250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research has argued that removal of relevant sensory information during the planning and control of simple, self-paced walking can result in increased demand on central processing resources in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, little is known about more complex gait tasks that require planning of gait adaptations to cross over an obstacle in PD. Methods In order to understand the interaction between availability of visual information relevant for self-motion and cognitive load, the current study evaluated PD participants and healthy controls while walking toward and stepping over an obstacle in three visual feedback conditions: (i) no visual restrictions; (ii) vision of the obstacle and their lower limbs while in complete darkness; (iii) vision of the obstacle only while in complete darkness; as well as two conditions including a cognitive load (with a dual task versus without a dual task). Each walk trial was divided into an early and late phase to examine changes associated with planning of step adjustments when approaching the obstacle. Results Interactions between visual feedback and dual task conditions during the obstacle approach were not significant. Patients with PD had greater deceleration and step time variability in the late phase of the obstacle approach phase while walking in both dark conditions compared to control participants. Additionally, participants with PD had a greater number of obstacle contacts when vision of their lower limbs was not available specifically during the dual task condition. Dual task performance was worse in PD compared to healthy control participants, but notably only while walking in the dark regardless of visual feedback. Conclusions These results suggest that reducing visual feedback while approaching an obstacle shifts processing to somatosensory feedback to guide movement which imposes a greater demand on planning resources. These results are key to fully understanding why trips and falls occur in those with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Pieruccini-Faria
- Sun Life Financial Movement Disorders Research & Rehabilitation Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada. .,Psychology Department, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada.
| | - Kaylena A Ehgoetz Martens
- Sun Life Financial Movement Disorders Research & Rehabilitation Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada.
| | - Carolina Ra Silveira
- Sun Life Financial Movement Disorders Research & Rehabilitation Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada.
| | - Jeffery A Jones
- Sun Life Financial Movement Disorders Research & Rehabilitation Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada. .,Psychology Department, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada. .,Laurier Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada.
| | - Quincy J Almeida
- Sun Life Financial Movement Disorders Research & Rehabilitation Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada.
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Pieruccini-Faria F, Jones JA, Almeida QJ. Motor planning in Parkinson’s disease patients experiencing freezing of gait: The influence of cognitive load when approaching obstacles. Brain Cogn 2014; 87:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Relatively little is known about the natural evolution of physical activity-related participation restrictions associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). We examined this issue prospectively, using continuous monitoring technology to capture the free-living ambulatory activity of persons with PD engaging in life situations. We specifically sought (1) to explore natural, long-term changes in daily ambulatory activity and (2) to compare the responsiveness of ambulatory activity parameters to clinical measures of gait and disease severity. METHODS Thirty-three persons with PD participated (Hoehn and Yahr range of 1-3). Participants wore a step activity monitor for up to 7 days at baseline and again at 1-year follow-up. Mean daily values were calculated for parameters indicative of amount, intensity, frequency, and duration of ambulatory activity. Clinical measures included the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale, the 6-Minute Walk, and Maximal Gait Speed. Parametric tests for paired samples were used to investigate changes in ambulatory activity parameters and clinical measures. RESULTS Participants had significant declines in the amount and intensity of daily ambulatory activity but not in its frequency and duration (P < 0.007). Declines occurred in the absence of changes in clinical measures of gait or disease severity. The greatest 1-year decline occurred in the number of daily minutes participants spent engaging in at least moderate-intensity ambulatory activity. CONCLUSION Continuous monitoring of ambulatory activity beyond mere step counts may serve as a distinct and important means of quantifying declining ambulatory behavior associated with disease progression or improved ambulatory behavior resulting from rehabilitation and medical and/or surgical interventions in persons with PD.
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Taraldsen K, Chastin SFM, Riphagen II, Vereijken B, Helbostad JL. Physical activity monitoring by use of accelerometer-based body-worn sensors in older adults: a systematic literature review of current knowledge and applications. Maturitas 2011; 71:13-9. [PMID: 22134002 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review the literature on physical activity variables derived from body-worn sensors during long term monitoring in healthy and in-care older adults. METHODS Using pre-designed inclusion and exclusion criteria, a PubMed search strategy was designed to trace relevant reports of studies. Last search date was March 8, 2011. STUDY SELECTION Studies that included persons with mean or median age of >65 years, used accelerometer-based body-worn sensors with a monitoring length of >24h, and reported values on physical activity in the samples assessed. RESULTS 1403 abstracts were revealed and 134 full-text papers included in the final review. A variety of variables derived from activity counts or recognition of performed activities were reported in healthy older adults as well as in in-care older adults. Three variables were possible to compare across studies, level of Energy Expenditure in kcal per day and activity recognition in terms of total time in walking and total activity. However, physical activity measured by these variables demonstrated large variation between studies and did not distinguish activity between healthy and in-care samples. CONCLUSION There is a rich variety in methods used for data collection and analysis as well as in reported variables. Different aspects of physical activity can be described, but the variety makes it challenging to compare across studies. There is an urgent need for developing consensus on activity monitoring protocols and which variables to report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Taraldsen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Neuroscience, Trondheim, Norway.
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Tudor-Locke C, Washington TL, Hart TL. Expected values for steps/day in special populations. Prev Med 2009; 49:3-11. [PMID: 19409409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assemble expected values for free-living steps/day in special populations living with chronic illnesses and disabilities. METHOD Studies identified since 2000 were categorized into similar illnesses and disabilities, capturing the original reference, sample descriptions, descriptions of instruments used (i.e., pedometers, piezoelectric pedometers, accelerometers), number of days worn, and mean and standard deviation of steps/day. RESULTS Sixty unique studies represented: 1) heart and vascular diseases, 2) chronic obstructive lung disease, 3) diabetes and dialysis, 4) breast cancer, 5) neuromuscular diseases, 6) arthritis, joint replacement, and fibromyalgia, 7) disability (including mental retardation/intellectual difficulties), and 8) other special populations. A median steps/day was calculated for each category. Waist-mounted and ankle-mounted instruments were considered separately due to fundamental differences in assessment properties. For waist-mounted instruments, the lowest median values for steps/day are found in disabled older adults (1214 steps/day) followed by people living with COPD (2237 steps/day). The highest values were seen in individuals with Type 1 diabetes (8008 steps/day), mental retardation/intellectual disability (7787 steps/day), and HIV (7545 steps/day). CONCLUSION This review will be useful to researchers/practitioners who work with individuals living with chronic illness and disability and require such information for surveillance, screening, intervention, and program evaluation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrine Tudor-Locke
- Walking Behavior Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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