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Muller CO, Metais A, Boublay N, Breuil C, Deligault S, Di Rienzo F, Guillot A, Collet C, Krolak-Salmon P, Saimpont A. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation does not enhance the effects of motor imagery training of a sequential finger-tapping task in young adults. J Sports Sci 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38574326 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2328418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
When applied over the primary motor cortex (M1), anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) could enhance the effects of a single motor imagery training (MIt) session on the learning of a sequential finger-tapping task (SFTT). This study aimed to investigate the effect of a-tDCS on the learning of an SFTT during multiple MIt sessions. Two groups of 16 healthy young adults participated in three consecutive MIt sessions over 3 days, followed by a retention test 1 week later. They received active or sham a-tDCS during a MIt session in which they mentally rehearsed an eight-item complex finger sequence with their left hand. Before and after each session, and during the retention test, they physically repeated the sequence as quickly and accurately as possible. Both groups (i) improved their performance during the first two sessions, showing online learning; (ii) stabilised the level they reached during all training sessions, reflecting offline consolidation; and (iii) maintained their performance level one week later, showing retention. However, no significant difference was found between the groups, regardless of the MSL stage. These results emphasise the importance of performing several MIt sessions to maximise performance gains, but they do not support the additional effects of a-tDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille O Muller
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LIBM, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, UR 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Alès, Montpellier, France
| | - Angèle Metais
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LIBM, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, UR 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nawale Boublay
- Centre de Recherche Clinique Vieillissement Cerveau - Fragilité, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Breuil
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LIBM, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, UR 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sébastien Deligault
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Multimodal et Pluridisciplinaire en Imagerie du Vivant (CERMEP), Département de MagnétoEncéphalographie, Bron, France
| | - Franck Di Rienzo
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LIBM, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, UR 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LIBM, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, UR 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christian Collet
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LIBM, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, UR 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre Krolak-Salmon
- Centre de Recherche Clinique Vieillissement Cerveau - Fragilité, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud Saimpont
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LIBM, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, UR 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Tacchino A, Pedullà L, Podda J, Monti Bragadin M, Battaglia MA, Bisio A, Bove M, Brichetto G. Motor imagery has a priming effect on motor execution in people with multiple sclerosis. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1179789. [PMID: 37746058 PMCID: PMC10512728 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1179789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Priming is a learning process that refers to behavioral changes caused by previous exposure to a similar stimulus. Motor imagery (MI), which involves the mental rehearsal of action representations in working memory without engaging in actual execution, could be a strategy for priming the motor system. This study investigates whether MI primes action execution in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Here, 17 people with MS (PwMS) and 19 healthy subjects (HS), all right-handed and good imaginers, performed as accurately and quickly as possible, with a pencil, actual or mental pointing movements between targets of small (1.0 × 1.0 cm) or large (1.5 × 1.5 cm) size. In actual trials, they completed five pointing cycles between the left and right targets, whereas in mental trials, the first 4 cycles were imagined while the fifth was actually executed. The fifth cycle was introduced to assess the MI priming effect on actual execution. All conditions, presented randomly, were performed with both dominant (i.e., right) and non-dominant arms. Analysis of the duration of the first 4 cycles in both actual and mental trials confirmed previous findings, showing isochrony in HS with both arms and significantly faster mental than actual movements (anisochrony) in PwMS (p < 0.01) [time (s); HS right: actual: 4.23 ± 0.15, mental: 4.36 ± 0.16; left: actual: 4.32 ± 0.15, mental: 4.43 ± 0.18; PwMS right: actual: 5.85 ± 0.16, mental: 5.99 ± 0.21; left: actual: 6.68 ± 0.20, mental: 5.94 ± 0.23]; anisochrony in PwMS was present when the task was performed with the non-dominant arm. Of note, temporal analysis of the fifth actual cycle showed no differences between actual and mental trials for HS with both arms, whereas in PwMS the fifth actual cycle was significantly faster after the four actual cycles for the non-dominant arm (p < 0.05) [time (s); HS right: actual: 1.03 ± 0.04, mental: 1.03 ± 0.03; left: actual: 1.08 ± 0.04, mental: 1.05 ± 0.03; PwMS right: actual: 1.48 ± 0.04, mental: 1.48 ± 0.06; left: actual: 1.66 ± 0.05, mental: 1.48 ± 0.06]. These results seem to suggest that a few mental repetitions of an action might be sufficient to exert a priming effect on the actual execution of the same action in PwMS. This would indicate further investigation of the potential use of MI as a new motor-cognitive tool for MS neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tacchino
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ludovico Pedullà
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jessica Podda
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Mario Alberto Battaglia
- Department of Physiopathology, Experimental Medicine, and Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ambra Bisio
- Section of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Bove
- Section of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Brichetto
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
- AISM Rehabilitation Service, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Society, Genoa, Italy
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Arya A, Sinha A, Yadav RK, Venkataraman S, Kumar U, Bhatia R. Effect of Motor Imagery on Corticomotor Excitability and Pain Status in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Cureus 2023; 15:e42101. [PMID: 37602008 PMCID: PMC10435928 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been defined by the American College of Rheumatology in 1987 as a chronic inflammatory disease characterised by joint swelling, joint tenderness, and destruction of synovial joints leading to severe disability and premature mortality. There is a paucity of literature assessing corticomotor excitability in RA patients. This study aimed to assess the effect of motor imagery on corticomotor excitability and pain status in RA patients. The specific objectives were to study the effect of motor imagery on corticomotor excitability and pain status in RA patients. We also wanted to compare the corticomotor excitability between RA patients with healthy controls. The correlation between the measures of corticomotor excitability and pain status in RA patients has also been done. METHODS The study was designed as a pilot clinical trial with a case-control design. Forty participants were recruited for the study. Twenty RA patients were recruited from the Department of Rheumatology and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR), AIIMS, New Delhi, and 20 healthy controls. Testing was performed at the Pain Research & rTMS Lab, Department of Physiology, AIIMS, New Delhi. The study was approved by the Institute Ethics Committee, AIIMS New Delhi, and registered in the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI). For the subjective assessment of pain, the visual analogue scale (VAS), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, WHO-Quality of Life Brief questionnaire (WHO-QOL-BREF), and Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain Scale were used. For the objective assessment of pain, hot and cold pain thresholds were assessed using thermo-tactile quantitative sensory testing (QST) using the method of limits and corticomotor excitability using a transcranial magnetic stimulation device. All participants were also asked to perform motor imagery tasks which consisted of a metronome-paced thumb opposition paradigm. Results: The resting motor threshold (RMT) decreased significantly after motor imagery when compared to the mental calculation group. The amplitude of motor evoked potential (MEP) and QST parameter value was comparable in both the groups before and after motor imagery and mental calculation. RMT was found to be significantly higher whereas MEP values were found to be significantly lower in RA compared to controls. CONCLUSION We conclude that patients suffering from RA have decreased corticomotor excitability compared to controls. Motor imagery was effective in improving corticomotor excitability in these patients and can be used as rehabilitation in RA to relieve their pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Arya
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Abhishek Sinha
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Guwahati, IND
| | - Raj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Srikumar Venkataraman
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Uma Kumar
- Department of Rheumatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Renu Bhatia
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
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Heena N, Zia NU, Sehgal S, Anwer S, Alghadir A, Li H. Effects of task complexity or rate of motor imagery on motor learning in healthy young adults. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02122. [PMID: 34612612 PMCID: PMC8613406 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests the benefit of motor imagery in motor learning. While some studies tried to look at the effect of isolated mental practice, others evaluated the combined effect of motor imagery and physical practice in clinical rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of task complexity or rates of motor imagery on motor learning in health young adults. METHODS Eighty-eight healthy individuals participated in this study. Participants were randomly allocated to either Group A (50% complex, N = 22), Group B (75% complex, N = 22), Group C (50% simple, N = 22), or Group D (75% simple, N = 22). Participants in the complex groups performed their task with nondominant hand and those in simple groups with a dominant hand. All participants performed a task that involved reach, grasp, and release tasks. The performance of the four groups was examined in the acquisition and retention phase. The main outcome measure was the movement time. RESULTS There were significant differences between immediate (i.e., acquisition) and late (i.e., retention) movement times at all three stages of task (i.e., MT1 [reaching time], MT2 [target transport time], and TMT [reaching time plus object transport time]) when individuals performed complex task with 75% imagery rate (p < .05). Similarly, there were significant differences between immediate and late movement times at all stages of task except the MT2 when individuals performed simple task with 75% imagery rate (p < .05). There were significant effects of task complexity (simple vs. complex tasks) on immediate movement time at the first stage of task (i.e., MT1 ) and late movement times of all three stages of task (p < .05). There were significant effects of the rate of imagery (50% vs. 75%) on late movement times at all three stages of tasks (p > .05). Additionally, there were no interaction effects of either task complexity or rate of imagery on both immediate and late movement times at all three stages of tasks (p > .05). CONCLUSION This study supports the use of higher rates (75%) of motor imagery to improve motor learning. Additionally, the practice of a complex task demonstrated better motor learning in healthy young adults. Future longitudinal studies should validate these results in different patient's population such as stroke, spinal cord injury, and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Heena
- Max Smart Super Specialty HospitalNew DelhiIndia
| | - Nayeem U. Zia
- Directorate of Health Services KashmirJammu and KashmirIndia
| | - Stuti Sehgal
- Institution of Rehabilitation Sciences, ISIC Vasant KunjNew DelhiIndia
| | - Shahnawaz Anwer
- Rehabilitation Research ChairCollege of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of Building and Real EstateHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ahmad Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research ChairCollege of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Building and Real EstateHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Abraham A, Duncan RP, Earhart GM. The Role of Mental Imagery in Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020185. [PMID: 33540883 PMCID: PMC7913152 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a disabling neurodegenerative disease whose manifestations span motor, sensorimotor, and sensory domains. While current therapies for PD include pharmacological, invasive, and physical interventions, there is a constant need for developing additional approaches for optimizing rehabilitation gains. Mental imagery is an emerging field in neurorehabilitation and has the potential to serve as an adjunct therapy to enhance patient function. Yet, the literature on this topic is sparse. The current paper reviews the motor, sensorimotor, and sensory domains impacted by PD using gait, balance, and pain as examples, respectively. Then, mental imagery and its potential for PD motor and non-motor rehabilitation is discussed, with an emphasis on its suitability for addressing gait, balance, and pain deficits in people with PD. Lastly, future research directions are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Abraham
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
- Navigation and Accessibility Research Center of Ariel University (NARCA), Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Ryan P. Duncan
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; (R.P.D.); (G.M.E.)
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gammon M. Earhart
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; (R.P.D.); (G.M.E.)
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Herranz-Gómez A, Gaudiosi C, Angulo-Díaz-Parreño S, Suso-Martí L, La Touche R, Cuenca-Martínez F. Effectiveness of motor imagery and action observation on functional variables: An umbrella and mapping review with meta-meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:828-845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bonassi G, Lagravinese G, Bisio A, Ruggeri P, Pelosin E, Bove M, Avanzino L. Consolidation and retention of motor skill after motor imagery training. Neuropsychologia 2020; 143:107472. [PMID: 32325154 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Complex motor tasks are learned through training which results in lasting improvement in sensorimotor performance and accuracy. Learning a motor skill is commonly attained via physical execution. However, research has shown that cognitive training, such as motor imagery (MI), effectively facilitates skill learning. Neurophysiological findings suggest that learning-induced plasticity in the human motor cortex, subserving consolidation and retention of motor skills, is stronger after movement execution (ME) than after MI training. Here, we designed an experimental task able to test for the fast and slow learning phases and for retention of motor skills for both MI and ME. We hypothesize that differences between MI and ME training would emerge in terms of reduced consolidation and retention of motor skills. Twenty-four young healthy subjects were divided into two groups, performing MI or ME training. Participants wore sensor-engineered gloves and their sensorimotor performance was assessed over a period of 15 days with 4-days training. We analysed the touch duration (TD), the inter-tapping interval (ITI), movement rate and accuracy. Results showed that (i) during the first phase of acquisition of motor skills, sensorimotor performance improved similarly in MI and ME groups; (ii) during the second learning phase movement rate increased more in ME than MI group and this difference was mainly driven by differences in the duration of TD; (iii) consolidation deficits with MI training reflected in impaired retention of the acquired skills, as TD and ITI were larger and movement rate was lower in the MI group with respect to the ME, till to 10 days after the last training session. Explicit component of motor learning, accuracy, was maintained in retention phase in both groups. Following our hypothesis, our findings show that MI training is as effective as ME within the first learning phase, but consolidation and retention of motor skills are less effective following MI training. This study highlights MI limitations and suggests option to enhance MI, as by providing an external sensory feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Bonassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Ambra Bisio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Piero Ruggeri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Pelosin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Bove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Avanzino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS, Genoa, Italy.
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Bhattacharjee S, Kashyap R, Abualait T, Annabel Chen SH, Yoo WK, Bashir S. The Role of Primary Motor Cortex: More Than Movement Execution. J Mot Behav 2020; 53:258-274. [PMID: 32194004 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2020.1738992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The predominant role of the primary motor cortex (M1) in motor execution is well acknowledged. However, additional roles of M1 are getting evident in humans owing to advances in noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques. This review collates such studies in humans and proposes that M1 also plays a key role in higher cognitive processes. The review commences with the studies that have investigated the nature of connectivity of M1 with other cortical regions in light of studies based on NIBS. The review then moves on to discuss the studies that have demonstrated the role of M1 in higher cognitive processes such as attention, motor learning, motor consolidation, movement inhibition, somatomotor response, and movement imagery. Overall, the purpose of the review is to highlight the additional role of M1 in motor cognition besides motor control, which remains unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajan Kashyap
- Center for Research and Development in Learning (CRADLE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Turki Abualait
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shen-Hsing Annabel Chen
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKC Medicine), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Office of Educational Research, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Woo-Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Bonassi G, Bisio A, Lagravinese G, Ruggeri P, Bove M, Avanzino L. Selective sensorimotor modulation operates during cognitive representation of movement. Neuroscience 2019; 409:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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O'shea H, Moran A. Are Fast Complex Movements Unimaginable? Pupillometric Studies of Motor Imagery in Expert Piano Playing. J Mot Behav 2018; 51:371-384. [PMID: 30277448 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2018.1485010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI; mental simulation of actions) shares certain mental representations and processes with executed movement (ME). This neurocognitive overlap between MI and ME may explain why the systematic use of MI improves skilled performance in numerous domains. Unfortunately, the attentional mechanisms underlying MI remain unresolved. Therefore, the present studies investigated the role of attentional effort (as measured by pupil dilation) in MI. We evaluated the effects of movement complexity and speed on expert pianists' pupil dilation as they physically executed and used MI to perform easy/complex and slow/fast music phrases. Results revealed that easy movements required similar levels of attentional effort during MI and ME. However, during complex movements performed at a fast speed, the correspondence between execution and imagery of movement was disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen O'shea
- a School of Psychology , University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Aidan Moran
- a School of Psychology , University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
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Mahmoud LSED, Abu Shady NAELR, Hafez ES. Motor imagery training with augmented cues of motor learning on cognitive functions in patients with Parkinsonism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2018. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2018.25.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lama Saad El-Din Mahmoud
- Assistant lecturer, Department of Neuromuscular Disorder and its surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, October 6 University, Egypt
| | | | - Ehab Shaker Hafez
- Professor of neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Provision of somatosensory inputs during motor imagery enhances learning-induced plasticity in human motor cortex. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9300. [PMID: 28839226 PMCID: PMC5571213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor learning via physical practice leads to long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity in motor cortex (M1) and temporary occlusion of additional LTP-like plasticity. Motor learning can be achieved through simulation of movement, namely motor imagery (MI). When combined with electrical stimulation, MI influenced M1 excitability to a larger extent than MI itself. We explored whether a training based on the combination of MI and peripheral nerve stimulation (ESMI) modulates M1 LTP-like plasticity inducing retention of a new acquired skill. Twelve subjects mentally performed thumb-index movements, with synchronous electrical nerve stimulation, following an acoustic cue, in order to increase movement speed. Two control groups physically performed or imagined the same number of finger movements following the acoustic cue. After each training session, M1 LTP-like plasticity was assessed by using PAS25 (paired associative stimulation) technique. Performance was tested before and after training and 24 hours after training. Results showed that physical practice and ESMI training similarly increased movement speed, prevented the subsequent PAS25-induced LTP-like plasticity, and induced retention of motor skill the following day. Training with MI had significant, but minor effects. These findings suggest that a training combining MI with somatosensory input influences motor performance through M1 plasticity similarly to motor execution.
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13
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Ruffino C, Papaxanthis C, Lebon F. The influence of imagery capacity in motor performance improvement. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:3049-3057. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Subthalamic nucleus beta and gamma activity is modulated depending on the level of imagined grip force. Exp Neurol 2017; 293:53-61. [PMID: 28342747 PMCID: PMC5429975 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Motor imagery involves cortical networks similar to those activated by real movements, but the extent to which the basal ganglia are recruited is not yet clear. Gamma and beta oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) vary with the effort of sustained muscle activity. We recorded local field potentials in Parkinson's disease patients and investigated if similar changes can be observed during imagined gripping at three different ‘forces’. We found that beta activity decreased significantly only for imagined grips at the two stronger force levels. Additionally, gamma power significantly scaled with increasing imagined force. Thus, in combination, these two spectral features can provide information about the intended force of an imaginary grip even in the absence of sensory feedback. Modulations in the two frequency bands during imaginary movement may explain the rehabilitating benefit of motor imagery to improve motor performance. The results also suggest that STN LFPs may provide useful information for brain-machine interfaces. We tested to which extent the subthalamic nucleus is involved in motor imagery. During real gripping at three force levels beta and gamma activity is scaled. Force-dependent modulation also was observed during imagined gripping. STN neuro-feedback may support motor training or brain-machine interfaces.
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15
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Neural plasticity during motor learning with motor imagery practice: Review and perspectives. Neuroscience 2016; 341:61-78. [PMID: 27890831 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, many studies confirmed the benefits of mental practice with motor imagery. In this review we first aimed to compile data issued from fundamental and clinical investigations and to provide the key-components for the optimization of motor imagery strategy. We focused on transcranial magnetic stimulation studies, supported by brain imaging research, that sustain the current hypothesis of a functional link between cortical reorganization and behavioral improvement. As perspectives, we suggest a model of neural adaptation following mental practice, in which synapse conductivity and inhibitory mechanisms at the spinal level may also play an important role.
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Di Rienzo F, Debarnot U, Daligault S, Saruco E, Delpuech C, Doyon J, Collet C, Guillot A. Online and Offline Performance Gains Following Motor Imagery Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Behavioral and Neuroimaging Studies. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:315. [PMID: 27445755 PMCID: PMC4923126 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now compelling evidence that motor imagery (MI) promotes motor learning. While MI has been shown to influence the early stages of the learning process, recent data revealed that sleep also contributes to the consolidation of the memory trace. How such "online" and "offline" processes take place and how they interact to impact the neural underpinnings of movements has received little attention. The aim of the present review is twofold: (i) providing an overview of recent applied and fundamental studies investigating the effects of MI practice (MIP) on motor learning; and (ii) detangling applied and fundamental findings in support of a sleep contribution to motor consolidation after MIP. We conclude with an integrative approach of online and offline learning resulting from intense MIP in healthy participants, and underline research avenues in the motor learning/clinical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Di Rienzo
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ursula Debarnot
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Villeurbanne, France; Laboratoire de Neurologie et d'Imagerie Cognitive, Université de GenèveGeneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Elodie Saruco
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Claude Delpuech
- INSERM U821, Département MEG, CERMEP Imagerie Du Vivant Bron, France
| | - Julien Doyon
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, Département de Psychologie, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Collet
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Villeurbanne, France; Institut Universitaire de FranceParis, France
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A prolonged motor imagery session alter imagined and actual movement durations: Potential implications for neurorehabilitation. Behav Brain Res 2016; 297:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abbruzzese G, Avanzino L, Marchese R, Pelosin E. Action Observation and Motor Imagery: Innovative Cognitive Tools in the Rehabilitation of Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2015; 2015:124214. [PMID: 26495150 PMCID: PMC4606219 DOI: 10.1155/2015/124214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive impairment of motor skills with deterioration of autonomy in daily living activities. Physiotherapy is regarded as an adjuvant to pharmacological and neurosurgical treatment and may provide small and short-lasting clinical benefits in PD patients. However, the development of innovative rehabilitation approaches with greater long-term efficacy is a major unmet need. Motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) have been recently proposed as a promising rehabilitation tool. MI is the ability to imagine a movement without actual performance (or muscle activation). The same cortical-subcortical network active during motor execution is engaged in MI. The physiological basis of AO is represented by the activation of the "mirror neuron system." Both MI and AO are involved in motor learning and can induce improvements of motor performance, possibly mediated by the development of plastic changes in the motor cortex. The review of available evidences indicated that MI ability and AO feasibility are substantially preserved in PD subjects. A few preliminary studies suggested the possibility of using MI and AO as parts of rehabilitation protocols for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Abbruzzese
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Avanzino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Marchese
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Pelosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Avanzino L, Gueugneau N, Bisio A, Ruggeri P, Papaxanthis C, Bove M. Motor cortical plasticity induced by motor learning through mental practice. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:105. [PMID: 25972791 PMCID: PMC4412065 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several investigations suggest that actual and mental actions trigger similar neural substrates. Motor learning via physical practice results in long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity processes, namely potentiation of M1 and a temporary occlusion of additional LTP-like plasticity. However, whether this neuroplasticity process contributes to improve motor performance through mental practice remains to be determined. Here, we tested skill learning-dependent changes in primary motor cortex (M1) excitability and plasticity by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in subjects trained to physically execute or mentally perform a sequence of finger opposition movements. Before and after physical practice and motor-imagery practice, M1 excitability was evaluated by measuring the input-output (IO) curve of motor evoked potentials. M1 LTP and long-term depression (LTD)-like plasticity was assessed with paired-associative stimulation (PAS) of the median nerve and motor cortex using an interstimulus interval of 25 ms (PAS25) or 10 ms (PAS10), respectively. We found that even if after both practice sessions subjects significantly improved their movement speed, M1 excitability and plasticity were differentially influenced by the two practice sessions. First, we observed an increase in the slope of IO curve after physical but not after MI practice. Second, there was a reversal of the PAS25 effect from LTP-like plasticity to LTD-like plasticity following physical and MI practice. Third, LTD-like plasticity (PAS10 protocol) increased after physical practice, whilst it was occluded after MI practice. In conclusion, we demonstrated that MI practice lead to the development of neuroplasticity, as it affected the PAS25- and PAS10- induced plasticity in M1. These results, expanding the current knowledge on how MI training shapes M1 plasticity, might have a potential impact in rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Avanzino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicolas Gueugneau
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa Genoa, Italy ; Université de Bourgogne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives Dijon, France ; Laboratoire Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Université de Bourgogne Dijon, France
| | - Ambra Bisio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa Genoa, Italy
| | - Piero Ruggeri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa Genoa, Italy
| | - Charalambos Papaxanthis
- Université de Bourgogne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives Dijon, France ; Laboratoire Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Université de Bourgogne Dijon, France
| | - Marco Bove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa Genoa, Italy
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Bennabi D, Monnin J, Haffen E, Carvalho N, Vandel P, Pozzo T, Papaxanthis C. Motor imagery in unipolar major depression. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:413. [PMID: 25538580 PMCID: PMC4255608 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Motor imagery is a potential tool to investigate action representation, as it can provide insights into the processes of action planning and preparation. Recent studies suggest that depressed patients present specific impairment in mental rotation. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of unipolar depression on motor imagery ability. Methods: Fourteen right-handed patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for unipolar depression were compared to 14 matched healthy controls. Imagery ability was accessed by the timing correspondence between executed and imagined movements during a pointing task, involving strong spatiotemporal constraints (speed/accuracy trade-off paradigm). Results: Compared to controls, depressed patients showed marked motor slowing on both actual and imagined movements. Furthermore, we observed greater temporal discrepancies between actual and mental movements in depressed patients than in healthy controls. Lastly, depressed patients modulated, to some extent, mental movement durations according to the difficulty of the task, but this modulation was not as strong as that of healthy subjects. Conclusion: These results suggest that unipolar depression significantly affects the higher stages of action planning and point out a selective decline of motor prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djamila Bennabi
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital of Besançon , Besançon , France ; EA 481 Neurosciences, University Hospital of Besançon , Besançon , France ; FondaMental Foundation , Créteil , France
| | - Julie Monnin
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital of Besançon , Besançon , France ; EA 481 Neurosciences, University Hospital of Besançon , Besançon , France ; Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Innovation Technologique de Besançon (CIC-IT 808) INSERM , Besançon , France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital of Besançon , Besançon , France ; EA 481 Neurosciences, University Hospital of Besançon , Besançon , France ; FondaMental Foundation , Créteil , France ; Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Innovation Technologique de Besançon (CIC-IT 808) INSERM , Besançon , France ; FHU Integrated Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (InCREASe) INSERM , Besançon , France
| | - Nicolas Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital of Besançon , Besançon , France ; EA 481 Neurosciences, University Hospital of Besançon , Besançon , France
| | - Pierre Vandel
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital of Besançon , Besançon , France ; Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Innovation Technologique de Besançon (CIC-IT 808) INSERM , Besançon , France ; FHU Integrated Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (InCREASe) INSERM , Besançon , France
| | - Thierry Pozzo
- UFR STAPS, Université de Bourgogne , Dijon , France ; Unité 1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, INSERM , Dijon , France ; Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Genoa , Italy ; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) , Dijon , France
| | - Charalambos Papaxanthis
- UFR STAPS, Université de Bourgogne , Dijon , France ; Unité 1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, INSERM , Dijon , France
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Räder SBEW, Henriksen AH, Butrymovich V, Sander M, Jørgensen E, Lönn L, Ringsted CV. A study of the effect of dyad practice versus that of individual practice on simulation-based complex skills learning and of students' perceptions of how and why dyad practice contributes to learning. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2014; 89:1287-94. [PMID: 24979287 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were (1) to explore the effectiveness of dyad practice compared with individual practice on a simulator for learning a complex clinical skill and (2) to explore medical students' perceptions of how and why dyad practice on a simulator contributes to learning a complex skill. METHOD In 2011, the authors randomly assigned 84 medical students to either the dyad or the individual practice group to learn coronary angiography skills using instruction videos and a simulator. Two weeks later, participants each performed two video-recorded coronary angiographies on the simulator. Two raters used a rating scale to assess the participants' video-recorded performance. The authors then interviewed the participants in the dyad practice group. RESULTS Seventy-two (86%) participants completed the study. The authors found no significant difference between the performance scores of the two groups (mean±standard deviation, 68%±13% for individual versus 63%±16% for dyad practice; P=.18). Dyad practice participants noted that several key factors contributed to their learning: being equal-level novices, the quality of the cooperation between partners, observational learning and overt communication, social aspects and motivation, and meta-cognition. CONCLUSIONS Dyad practice is more efficient and thus more cost-effective than individual practice and can be used for costly virtual reality simulator training. However, dyad practice may not apply to clinical training involving real patients because learning from errors and overt communication, both keys to dyad practice, do not transfer to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sune B E W Räder
- Dr. Räder is a fellow in cardiology, Centre for Clinical Education, University of Copenhagen and Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark. Ms. Henriksen is advisor/consultant, Centre for Clinical Education, University of Copenhagen and Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark. Dr. Butrymovich is a cardiologist, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. Dr. Sander is a cardiologist, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. Dr. Jørgensen is a cardiologist, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. Dr. Lönn is professor, Departments of Vascular Surgery and Radiology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. Dr. Ringsted is professor, Department of Anesthesia, director and scientist, Wilson Centre, and BMO chair in health professions education research, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Asa SKDP, Melo MCS, Piemonte MEP. Effects of mental and physical practice on a finger opposition task among children. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2014; 85:308-315. [PMID: 25141084 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2014.931557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to compare the effects of physical practice (PP) and mental practice (MP) on the immediate and long-term learning of the finger-to-thumb opposition sequence task (FOS) in children; in addition, we investigated the transfer of this learning to an untrained sequence of movements and to the contralateral untrained hand. METHOD This study included thirty-six 9- and 10-year-old children who were randomly allocated into 3 groups: MP, PP, and no practice (NP). The MP and PP groups were subjected to a single session of training with the dominant trained hand. MP participants were trained by mentally rehearsing the movements, PP participants were trained by executing the movements, and the NP group had no training. The performance of the trained sequence (TS) and untrained reverse sequence (URS) by each of the 3 groups was evaluated under identical conditions before training, after 5 min, and at 4 days, 7 days, and 28 days after training. RESULTS Whereas both trained groups (MP and PP) showed statistically significant improvement in TS using the trained hand at all assessment points after the training, only MP participants were able to transfer the performance gains from the TS to the URS and from the trained hand to the untrained opposite hand. CONCLUSION Children were able to learn the FOS through MP or PP with a similar level of performance. Unlike PP, MP allowed for the transfer of performance gain to the URS and to the opposite hand, suggesting that the internal representations developed by MP were effector-independent.
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Avanzino L, Raffo A, Pelosin E, Ogliastro C, Marchese R, Ruggeri P, Abbruzzese G. Training based on mirror visual feedback influences transcallosal communication. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:2581-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Avanzino
- Department of Experimental Medicine; Section of Human Physiology and Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Alessia Raffo
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Elisa Pelosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Carla Ogliastro
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Roberta Marchese
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Piero Ruggeri
- Department of Experimental Medicine; Section of Human Physiology and Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Giovanni Abbruzzese
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
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Paizis C, Skoura X, Personnier P, Papaxanthis C. Motor Asymmetry Attenuation in Older Adults during Imagined Arm Movements. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:49. [PMID: 24688468 PMCID: PMC3960501 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Laterality is an important feature of motor behavior. Several studies have shown that lateralization in right-handed young adults (i.e., right versus left arm superiority) emerges also during imagined actions, that is when an action is internally simulated without any motor output. Such information, however, is lacking for elderly people and it could be valuable to further comprehend the evolution of mental states of action in normal aging. Here, we evaluated the influence of age on motor laterality during mental actions. Twenty-four young (mean age: 24.7 ± 4.4 years) and 24 elderly (mean age: 72.4 ± 3.6 years) participants mentally simulated and actually executed pointing movements with either their dominant-right or non-dominant-left arm in the horizontal plane. We recorded and analyzed the time of actual and mental movements and looked for differences between groups and arms. In addition, electromyographic activity from arm muscle was recorded to quantify any enhancement in muscle activation during mental actions. Our findings indicated that both groups mentally simulated arm movements without activating the muscles of the right or the left arm above the baseline level. This finding suggests that young and, notably, elderly adults are able to generate covert actions without any motor output. We found that manual asymmetries (i.e., faster movements with the right arm) were preserved in young adults for both actual and mental movements. In elderly adults, manual asymmetries were observed for actual but not for mental movements (i.e., equal movement times for both arms). These findings clearly indicate an age-related reduction of motor laterality during mental actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Paizis
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Université de Bourgogne , Dijon , France ; Unité 1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Dijon , France ; Sport Science Faculty, Center for Performance Expertise G. Cometti, University of Burgundy , Dijon , France
| | - Xanthi Skoura
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Université de Bourgogne , Dijon , France ; Unité 1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Dijon , France
| | - Pascaline Personnier
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Université de Bourgogne , Dijon , France ; Unité 1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Dijon , France
| | - Charalambos Papaxanthis
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Université de Bourgogne , Dijon , France ; Unité 1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Dijon , France
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Gandrey P, Paizis C, Karathanasis V, Gueugneau N, Papaxanthis C. Dominant vs. nondominant arm advantage in mentally simulated actions in right handers. J Neurophysiol 2013; 110:2887-94. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00123.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although plentiful data are available regarding mental states involving the dominant-right arm, the evidence for the nondominant-left arm is sparse. Here, we investigated whether right-handers can generate accurate predictions with either the right or the left arm. Fifteen adults carried out actual and mental arm movements in two directions with varying inertial resistance (inertial anisotropy phenomenon). We recorded actual and mental movement times and used the degree of their similarity as an indicator for the accuracy of motor imagery/prediction process. We found timing correspondences (isochrony) between actual and mental right arm movements in both rightward (low inertia resistance) and leftward (high inertia resistance) directions. Timing similarities between actual and mental left arm movements existed for the leftward direction (low inertia resistance) but not for the rightward direction (high inertia resistance). We found similar results when participants reaching towards the midline of the workspace, a result that excludes a hemispace effect. Electromyographic analysis during mental movements showed that arm muscles remained inactivate, thus eliminating a muscle activation strategy that could explain intermanual differences. Furthermore, motor-evoked potentials enhancement in both right and left biceps brachii during mental actions indicated that subjects were actively engaged in mental movement simulation and that the disadvantage of the left arm cannot be attributed to the nonactivation of the right motor cortex. Our findings suggest that predictive mechanisms are more robust for the right than the left arm in right-handers. We discussed these findings from the perspective of the internal models theory and the dynamic-dominance hypothesis of laterality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gandrey
- Université de Bourgogne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Campus Universitaire, Dijon, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Université de Bourgogne, Campus Universitaire, Dijon, France; and
| | - Christos Paizis
- Université de Bourgogne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Campus Universitaire, Dijon, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Université de Bourgogne, Campus Universitaire, Dijon, France; and
- Centre d'Expertise de la Performance, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Vassilis Karathanasis
- Université de Bourgogne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Campus Universitaire, Dijon, France
| | - Nicolas Gueugneau
- Université de Bourgogne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Campus Universitaire, Dijon, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Université de Bourgogne, Campus Universitaire, Dijon, France; and
| | - Charalambos Papaxanthis
- Université de Bourgogne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Campus Universitaire, Dijon, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Université de Bourgogne, Campus Universitaire, Dijon, France; and
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Binder E, Hagelweide K, Wang LE, Kornysheva K, Grefkes C, Fink GR, Schubotz RI. Sensory-guided motor tasks benefit from mental training based on serial prediction. Neuropsychologia 2013; 54:18-27. [PMID: 24321273 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mental strategies have been suggested to constitute a promising approach to improve motor abilities in both healthy subjects and patients. This behavioural effect has been shown to be associated with changes of neural activity in premotor areas, not only during movement execution, but also while performing motor imagery or action observation. However, how well such mental tasks are performed is often difficult to assess, especially in patients. We here used a novel mental training paradigm based on the serial prediction task (SPT) in order to activate premotor circuits in the absence of a motor task. We then tested whether this intervention improves motor-related performance such as sensorimotor transformation. Two groups of healthy young participants underwent a single-blinded five-day cognitive training schedule and were tested in four different motor tests on the day before and after training. One group (N=22) received the SPT-training and the other one (N=21) received a control training based on a serial match-to-sample task. The results revealed significant improvements of the SPT-group in a sensorimotor timing task, i.e. synchronization of finger tapping to a visually presented rhythm, as well as improved visuomotor coordination in a sensory-guided pointing task compared to the group that received the control training. However, mental training did not show transfer effects on motor abilities in healthy subjects beyond the trained modalities as evident by non-significant changes in the Jebsen-Taylor handfunctiontest. In summary, the data suggest that mental training based on the serial prediction task effectively engages sensorimotor circuits and thereby improves motor behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Binder
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany; Cognitive Neurology Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Klara Hagelweide
- Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany; Institute for Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ling E Wang
- Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Katja Kornysheva
- Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Grefkes
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany; Cognitive Neurology Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cognitive Neurology Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ricarda I Schubotz
- Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany; Institute for Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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27
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Crognier L, Skoura X, Vinter A, Papaxanthis C. Mental representation of arm motion dynamics in children and adolescents. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73042. [PMID: 24009727 PMCID: PMC3757012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery, i.e., a mental state during which an individual internally represents an action without any overt motor output, is a potential tool to investigate action representation during development. Here, we took advantage of the inertial anisotropy phenomenon to investigate whether children can generate accurate motor predictions for movements with varying dynamics. Children (9 and 11 years), adolescents (14 years) and young adults (21 years) carried-out actual and mental arm movements in two different directions in the horizontal plane: rightwards (low inertia) and leftwards (high inertia). We recorded and compared actual and mental movement times. We found that actual movement times were greater for leftward than rightward arm movements in all groups. For mental movements, differences between leftward versus rightward movements were observed in the adults and adolescents, but not among the children. Furthermore, significant differences between actual and mental times were found at 9 and 11 years of age in the leftward direction. The ratio R/L (rightward direction/leftward direction), which indicates temporal differences between low inertia and high inertia movements, was inferior to 1 at all ages, except for the mental movements at 9 years of age, indicating than actual and mental movements were shorter for the rightward than leftward direction. Interestingly, while the ratio R/L of actual movements was constant across ages, it gradually decreased with age for mental movements. The ratio A/M (actual movement/mental movement), which indicates temporal differences between actual and mental movements, was near to 1 in the adults' groups, denoting accurate mental timing. In children and adolescents, an underestimation of mental movement times appeared for the leftward movements only. However, this overestimation gradually decreased with age. Our results showed a refinement in the motor imagery ability during development. Action representation reached maturation at adolescence, during which mental actions were tightly related to their actual production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Crognier
- Université de Bourgogne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Dijon, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1093, Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Dijon, France
| | - Xanthi Skoura
- Université de Bourgogne, Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Développement (LEAD), CNRS, UMR 5022, Dijon, France
| | - Annie Vinter
- Université de Bourgogne, Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Développement (LEAD), CNRS, UMR 5022, Dijon, France
| | - Charalambos Papaxanthis
- Université de Bourgogne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Dijon, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1093, Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Dijon, France
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28
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Bernardi NF, De Buglio M, Trimarchi PD, Chielli A, Bricolo E. Mental practice promotes motor anticipation: evidence from skilled music performance. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:451. [PMID: 23970859 PMCID: PMC3747442 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental practice (MP) has been shown to improve movement accuracy and velocity, but it is not known whether MP can also optimize movement timing. We addressed this question by studying two groups of expert pianists who performed challenging music sequences after either MP or physical practice (PP). Performance and motion-capture data were collected along with responses to imagery questionnaires. The results showed that MP produced performance improvements, although to a lower degree than PP did. MP and PP induced changes in both movement velocity and movement timing, promoting the emergence of movement anticipatory patterns. Furthermore, motor imagery was associated with greater changes in movement velocity, while auditory imagery was associated with greater movement anticipation. Data from a control group that was not allowed to practice confirmed that the changes in accuracy and kinematics were not due to mere repetition of the sequence during testing. This study provides the first evidence of an anticipatory control following MP and extends the present knowledge on the effectiveness of MP to a task of unparalleled motor complexity. The practical implications of MP in the motor domain are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò F Bernardi
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
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29
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Tacchino A, Bove M, Pedullà L, Battaglia MA, Papaxanthis C, Brichetto G. Imagined actions in multiple sclerosis patients: evidence of decline in motor cognitive prediction. Exp Brain Res 2013; 229:561-70. [PMID: 23811731 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Motor imagery is a mental process during which subjects internally simulate a movement without any motor output. Mental and actual movement durations are similar in healthy adults (isochrony) while temporal discrepancies (anisochrony) could be an expression of neurological deficits on action representation. It is unclear whether patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) preserve the capacity to simulate their own movements. This study investigates the ability of PwMS to predict their own actions by comparing temporal features of dominant and non-dominant actual and mental actions. Fourteen PwMS and nineteen healthy subjects (HS) were asked to execute and to imagine pointing arm movements among four pairs of targets of different sizes. Task duration was calculated for both actual and mental movements by an optoelectronic device. Results showed temporal consistency and target-by-target size modulation in actual movements through the four cycles for both groups with significantly longer actual and mental movement durations in PwMS with respect to HS. An index of performance (IP) was used to examine actual/mental isochrony properties in the two groups. Statistical analysis on IP showed in PwMS significantly longer actual movement durations with respect to mental movement durations (anisochrony), more relevant for the non-dominant than dominant arm. Mental prediction of motor actions is not well preserved in MS where motor and cognitive functional changes are present. Differences in performing imagined task with dominant and non-dominant arm could be related to increased cognitive effort required for performing non-dominant movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tacchino
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation (FISM), Via Operai 40, 16149 Genoa, Italy
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30
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Gueugneau N, Bove M, Avanzino L, Jacquin A, Pozzo T, Papaxanthis C. Interhemispheric inhibition during mental actions of different complexity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56973. [PMID: 23451125 PMCID: PMC3581568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Several investigations suggest that actual and mental actions trigger similar neural substrates. Yet, neurophysiological evidences on the nature of interhemispheric interactions during mental movements are still meagre. Here, we asked whether the content of mental images, investigated by task complexity, is finely represented in the inhibitory interactions between the two primary motor cortices (M1s). Subjects' left M1 was stimulated by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) while they were performing actual or mental movements of increasing complexity with their right hand and exerting a maximum isometric force with their left thumb and index. Thus, we simultaneously assessed the corticospinal excitability in the right opponent pollicis muscle (OP) and the ipsilateral silent period (iSP) in the left OP during actual and mental movements. Corticospinal excitability in right OP increased during actual and mental movements, but task complexity-dependent changes were only observed during actual movements. Interhemispheric motor inhibition in the left OP was similarly modulated by task complexity in both mental and actual movements. Precisely, the duration and the area of the iSP increased with task complexity in both movement conditions. Our findings suggest that mental and actual movements share similar inhibitory neural circuits between the two homologous primary motor cortex areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gueugneau
- Université de Bourgogne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Dijon, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité sensorimotrice, Dijon, France
| | - Marco Bove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Avanzino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Agnès Jacquin
- Service de Neurologie, Faculté de Médecine de Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Thierry Pozzo
- Université de Bourgogne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Dijon, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité sensorimotrice, Dijon, France
- Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Charalambos Papaxanthis
- Université de Bourgogne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Dijon, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité sensorimotrice, Dijon, France
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31
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Berna C, Tracey I, Holmes EA. How a Better Understanding of Spontaneous Mental Imagery Linked to Pain Could Enhance Imagery-Based Therapy in Chronic Pain. J Exp Psychopathol 2012; 3:258-273. [PMID: 26457174 PMCID: PMC4599137 DOI: 10.5127/jep.017911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy with mental images is prevalent in the field of chronic pain, and this has been the case for centuries. Yet few of the recent advances in the cognitive behavioural understanding of spontaneous (i.e. intrusive) mental imagery have been translated to this field. Such advances include imagery as a component of a psychopathological process, as an emotional amplifier and as a cognitive therapeutic target in its own right. Hence very little is known about the contents, prevalence and emotional impact of spontaneous mental imagery in the context of chronic pain. This article discusses the evidence in favour of spontaneous imagery being a potentially important part of patients' pain experience, and makes a case, based on neurophysiological findings, for imagery having an impact on pain perception. Furthermore, it presents how mental imagery has been used in the treatment of chronic pain. A case report illustrates further how spontaneous negative imagery linked to pain can be distressing, and how this might be addressed in therapy. Additionally, the case report demonstrates the spontaneous use of coping imagery, and raises a discussion of how this might be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Berna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford. Chantal Berna and Irene Tracey, Oxford Centre for FMRI of Brain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford
| | - Irene Tracey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford. Chantal Berna and Irene Tracey, Oxford Centre for FMRI of Brain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford
| | - Emily A Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford. Chantal Berna and Irene Tracey, Oxford Centre for FMRI of Brain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford
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32
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Abstract
During closed-loop control of a brain-computer interface, neurons in the primary motor cortex can be intensely active even though the subject may be making no detectable movement or muscle contraction. How can neural activity in the primary motor cortex become dissociated from the movements and muscles of the native limb that it normally controls? Here we examine circumstances in which motor cortex activity is known to dissociate from movement--including mental imagery, visuo-motor dissociation and instructed delay. Many such motor cortex neurons may be related to muscle activity only indirectly. Furthermore, the integration of thousands of synaptic inputs by individual α-motoneurons means that under certain circumstances even cortico-motoneuronal cells, which make monosynaptic connections to α-motoneurons, can become dissociated from muscle activity. The natural ability of motor cortex neurons under voluntarily control to become dissociated from bodily movement may underlie the utility of this cortical area for controlling brain-computer interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H Schieber
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 673, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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33
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Tia B, Mourey F, Ballay Y, Sirandré C, Pozzo T, Paizis C. Improvement of motor performance by observational training in elderly people. Neurosci Lett 2010; 480:138-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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34
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Wamsley EJ, Tucker M, Payne JD, Benavides JA, Stickgold R. Dreaming of a learning task is associated with enhanced sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Curr Biol 2010; 20:850-5. [PMID: 20417102 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2010.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
It is now well established that postlearning sleep is beneficial for human memory performance. Meanwhile, human and animal studies have demonstrated that learning-related neural activity is re-expressed during posttraining nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. NREM sleep processes appear to be particularly beneficial for hippocampus-dependent forms of memory. These observations suggest that learning triggers the reactivation and reorganization of memory traces during sleep, a systems-level process that in turn enhances behavioral performance. Here, we hypothesized that dreaming about a learning experience during NREM sleep would be associated with improved performance on a hippocampus-dependent spatial memory task. Subjects were trained on a virtual navigation task and then retested on the same task 5 hr after initial training. Improved performance at retest was strongly associated with task-related dream imagery during an intervening afternoon nap. Task-related thoughts during wakefulness, in contrast, did not predict improved performance. These observations suggest that sleep-dependent memory consolidation in humans is facilitated by the offline reactivation of recently formed memories, and furthermore that dream experiences reflect this memory processing. That similar effects were not observed during wakefulness suggests that these mnemonic processes are specific to the sleep state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Wamsley
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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35
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Kwon YH, Yeo SS, Kwon JW, Hwang YT, Park MK, Kim CS. Neuromuscular Adaptation Induced by Motor Imagery Training in the Serial Reaction Time Task. J Phys Ther Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1589/jpts.22.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hyun Kwon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yeungnam College of Science & Technology
| | - Sang Seok Yeo
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School, Daegu University
| | - Jung Won Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School, Daegu University
| | - Yoon Tae Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gangneung Yeongdong College
| | - Min Kyu Park
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Yeungnam College of Science and Technology
| | - Chung Sun Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Science, Daegu University
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