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Guedes RCA, Monteiro JS, de Biase S, de Melo APR, Borba JMC, Diniz CWP, de Carvalho Noya AGAF, Prieto SCG. Effects of early monocular enucleation on cortical spreading depression in well-nourished and malnourished adult rats. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:2241-2247. [PMID: 39034328 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Sensory development is a complex process that can influence physiological and pathological factors. In laterally-eyed mammals, monocular enucleation (ME) during development and the subsequent lack of external sensory stimuli can result in permanent morphological and physiological changes. Malnutrition, especially in early life, also can cause permanent morphofunctional changes due to inadequate nutrient intake in both hemispheres. This study investigated the effects of early (postnatal day 7) ME and malnutrition during the suckling period on cortical excitability in adulthood (110-140 days of life). For this, we compared the speed propagation of cortical spreading depression in the occipital and parietal cortex of malnourished and well-nourished adult rats, previously suckled small-sized litters with three pups (L3/dam) medium-sized litters with six pups (L6/dam), and large-sized litters with twelve pups (L12/dam). The CSD velocity was augmented by the ME in the contralateral side of the removed eye in the parietal and occipital cortex. These findings suggest that visual sensory input deprivation is associated with permanent functional changes in the visual pathways, which can alter cortical excitability and lead to modifications in CSD propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubem Carlos Araujo Guedes
- Center of Health Sciences, Nutrition department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670901, Brazil
| | - Jailma Santos Monteiro
- Center of Health Sciences, Nutrition department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670901, Brazil
| | - Silvio de Biase
- Center of Health Sciences, Nutrition department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670901, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Rocha de Melo
- Center of Health Sciences, Nutrition department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670901, Brazil
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2
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Dos Santos Heringer L, Rios Carvalho J, Teixeira Oliveira J, Texeira Silva B, de Souza Aguiar Dos Santos DM, Martinez Martinez Toledo AL, Borges Savoldi LM, Magalhães Portela D, Adriani Marques S, Campello Costa Lopes P, Blanco Martinez AM, Mendonça HR. Altered excitatory and inhibitory neocortical circuitry leads to increased convulsive severity after pentylenetetrazol injection in an animal model of schizencephaly, but not of microgyria. Epilepsia Open 2022; 7:462-473. [PMID: 35808864 PMCID: PMC9436300 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Malformations of the polymicrogyria spectrum can be mimicked in rodents through neonatal transcranial focal cortical freeze lesions. The animals presenting the malformations present both altered synaptic events and epileptiform activity in the vicinity of the microgyrus, but the comprehension of their contribution to increased predisposition or severity of seizures require further studies. METHODS In order to investigate these issues, we induced both microgyria and schizencephaly in 57 mice and evaluated: their convulsive susceptibility and severity after pentyleneterazol (PTZ) treatment, the quantification of their symmetric and asymmetric synapses, the morphology of their dendritic arbors, and the content of modulators of synaptogenesis, such as SPARC, gephyrin and GAP-43 within the adjacent visual cortex. RESULTS Our results have shown that only schizencephalic animals present increased convulsive severity. Nevertheless, both microgyric and schizencephalic cortices present increased synapse number and dendritic complexity of layer IV and layer V-located neurons. Specifically, the microgyric cortex presented reduced inhibitory synapses, while the schizencephalic cortex presented increased excitatory synapses. This altered synapse number is correlated with decreased content of both the anti-synaptogenic factor SPARC and the inhibitory postsynaptic organizer gephyrin in both malformed groups. Besides, GAP-43 content and dendritic spines number are enhanced exclusively in schizencephalic cortices. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, our study supports the hypothesis that the sum of synaptic alterations drives to convulsive aggravation in animals with schizencephaly, but not microgyria after PTZ treatment. These findings reveal that different malformations of cortical development should trigger epilepsy via different mechanisms, requiring further studies for development of specific therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Dos Santos Heringer
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Lab, Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Program in Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, - RJ
| | - Julia Rios Carvalho
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Lab, Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Program in Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, - RJ
| | | | - Bruna Texeira Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Brazil, Niterói, - RJ
| | - Domethila Mariano de Souza Aguiar Dos Santos
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Lab, Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Program in Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, - RJ
| | - Anna Lecticia Martinez Martinez Toledo
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Lab, Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Program in Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, - RJ
| | - Laura Maria Borges Savoldi
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Lab, Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Program in Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, - RJ
| | - Debora Magalhães Portela
- Integrated Lab of Morphology, Institute of Biodiversity and Sustainability NUPEM, Brazil, Macaé, - RJ
| | - Suelen Adriani Marques
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Lab, Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Program in Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, - RJ
| | | | - Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Lab, Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Program in Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, - RJ
| | - Henrique Rocha Mendonça
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Lab, Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Program in Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, - RJ.,Integrated Lab of Morphology, Institute of Biodiversity and Sustainability NUPEM, Brazil, Macaé, - RJ
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3
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Tan B, Wu X, Yu J, Chen Z. The Role of Saponins in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123956. [PMID: 35745079 PMCID: PMC9227328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain caused by tissue injury or disease involving the somatosensory nervous system, which seriously affects the patient's body function and quality of life. At present, most clinical medications for the treatment of neuropathic pain, including antidepressants, antiepileptic drugs, or analgesics, often have limited efficacy and non-negligible side effects. As a bioactive and therapeutic component extracted from Chinese herbal medicine, the role of the effective compounds in the prevention and treatment of neuropathic pain have gradually become a research focus to explore new analgesics. Notably, saponins have shown analgesic effects in a large number of animal models. In this review, we summarized the most updated information of saponins, related to their analgesic effects in neuropathic pain, and the recent progress on the research of therapeutic targets and the potential mechanisms. Furthermore, we put up with some perspectives on future investigation to reveal the precise role of saponins in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (B.T.); (X.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (B.T.); (X.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (B.T.); (X.W.); (J.Y.)
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (B.T.); (X.W.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-88208228
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Thomasi BBDM, Valdetaro L, Ricciardi MCG, Hayashide L, Fernandes ACMN, Mussauer A, da Silva ML, da Cunha Faria-Melibeu A, Ribeiro MGL, de Mattos Coelho-Aguiar J, Campello-Costa P, Moura-Neto V, Tavares-Gomes AL. Enteric glial cell reactivity in colonic layers and mucosal modulation in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. Brain Res Bull 2022; 187:111-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Jure R. The “Primitive Brain Dysfunction” Theory of Autism: The Superior Colliculus Role. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:797391. [PMID: 35712344 PMCID: PMC9194533 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.797391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the pathogenesis of autism will help clarify our conception of the complexity of normal brain development. The crucial deficit may lie in the postnatal changes that vision produces in the brainstem nuclei during early life. The superior colliculus is the primary brainstem visual center. Although difficult to examine in humans with present techniques, it is known to support behaviors essential for every vertebrate to survive, such as the ability to pay attention to relevant stimuli and to produce automatic motor responses based on sensory input. From birth to death, it acts as a brain sentinel that influences basic aspects of our behavior. It is the main brainstem hub that lies between the environment and the rest of the higher neural system, making continuous, implicit decisions about where to direct our attention. The conserved cortex-like organization of the superior colliculus in all vertebrates allows the early appearance of primitive emotionally-related behaviors essential for survival. It contains first-line specialized neurons enabling the detection and tracking of faces and movements from birth. During development, it also sends the appropriate impulses to help shape brain areas necessary for social-communicative abilities. These abilities require the analysis of numerous variables, such as the simultaneous evaluation of incoming information sustained by separate brain networks (visual, auditory and sensory-motor, social, emotional, etc.), and predictive capabilities which compare present events to previous experiences and possible responses. These critical aspects of decision-making allow us to evaluate the impact that our response or behavior may provoke in others. The purpose of this review is to show that several enigmas about the complexity of autism might be explained by disruptions of collicular and brainstem functions. The results of two separate lines of investigation: 1. the cognitive, etiologic, and pathogenic aspects of autism on one hand, and two. the functional anatomy of the colliculus on the other, are considered in order to bridge the gap between basic brain science and clinical studies and to promote future research in this unexplored area.
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6
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Vasques JF, Gonçalves RGDJ, Gomes ALT, Campello-Costa P, Serfaty CA, Faria-Melibeu ADC. Signaling pathways modulated by monocular enucleation in the superior colliculus of juvenile rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 81:249-258. [PMID: 33544920 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocular eye enucleation (ME) is a classical paradigm to induce neural plasticity in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) axons from the intact eye, especially when performed within the critical period of visual system development. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the axonal sprouting and synaptogenesis seen in this model remain poorly understood. In the present work, we investigated the temporal alterations in phosphorylation of three kinases related to axonal growth and synaptogenesis-GSK3β (an important repressor of axonal outgrowth), AKT, and ERK-in superior colliculus of rats submitted to ME during early postnatal development. Western blotting analysis showed an increase in pGSK3β, the inactive form of this enzyme, 24 and 48 hr after ME. Accordingly, an increase in pERK levels was detected 24 hr after ME, indicating that phosphorylation of these enzymes might be related to axonal reorganization induced by ME. Interestingly, AKT phosphorylation was increased just 1 week after ME, suggesting it may be involved in the stabilization of newly formed synapses, rising from the axonal reorganization of remaining eye. A better understanding of how signaling pathways are modulated in a model of intense axonal sprouting can highlight possible therapeutic targets in RGCs injuries in adult individuals, where axonal regrowth is nearly absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ferreira Vasques
- Programa de Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Guedes de Jesus Gonçalves
- Programa de Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Tavares Gomes
- Programa de Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Paula Campello-Costa
- Programa de Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Claudio Alberto Serfaty
- Programa de Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Adriana da Cunha Faria-Melibeu
- Programa de Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
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7
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Chagas LDS, Trindade P, Gomes ALT, Mendonça HR, Campello-Costa P, Faria Melibeu ADC, Linden R, Serfaty CA. Rapid plasticity of intact axons following a lesion to the visual pathways during early brain development is triggered by microglial activation. Exp Neurol 2018; 311:148-161. [PMID: 30312606 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) can often induce structural reorganization within intact circuits of the brain. Several studies show advances in the understanding of mechanisms of brain plasticity and the role of the immune system activation. Microglia, a myeloid derived cell population colonizes the CNS during early phases of embryonic development. In the present study, we evaluated the role of microglial activation in the sprouting of intact axons following lesions of the visual pathways. We evaluated the temporal course of microglial activation in the superior colliculus following a contralateral monocular enucleation (ME) and the possible involvement of microglial cells in the plastic reorganization of the intact, uncrossed, retinotectal pathway from the remaining eye. Lister Hooded rats were enucleated at PND 10 and submitted to systemic treatment with inhibitors of microglial activation: cyclosporine A and minocycline. The use of neuroanatomical tracers allowed us to evaluate the time course of structural axonal plasticity. Immunofluorescence and western blot techniques were used to observe the expression of microglial marker, Iba-1 and the morphology of microglial cells. Following a ME, Iba-1 immunoreactivity showed a progressive increase of microglial activation in the contralateral SC at 24 h, peaking at 72 h after the lesion. Treatment with inhibitors of microglial activation blocked both the structural plasticity of intact uncrossed retinotectal axons and microglial activation as seen by the decrease of Iba-1 immunoreactivity. The local blockade of TNF-α with a neutralizing antibody was also able to block axonal plasticity of the intact eye following a ME. The data support the hypothesis that microglial activation is a necessary step for the regulation of neuroplasticity induced by lesions during early brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana da Silva Chagas
- Federal Fluminense University, Biology Institute, Neurobiology Department, Laboratory of Neural Plasticity - Niteroi, PO Box: 100180, Brazil
| | - Pablo Trindade
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Post Graduating Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Tavares Gomes
- Federal Fluminense University, Biology Institute, Neurobiology Department, Laboratory of Neural Plasticity - Niteroi, PO Box: 100180, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Campello-Costa
- Federal Fluminense University, Biology Institute, Neurobiology Department, Laboratory of Neural Plasticity - Niteroi, PO Box: 100180, Brazil
| | - Adriana da Cunha Faria Melibeu
- Federal Fluminense University, Biology Institute, Neurobiology Department, Laboratory of Neural Plasticity - Niteroi, PO Box: 100180, Brazil
| | - Rafael Linden
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Biophisics Institute, Brazil
| | - Claudio Alberto Serfaty
- Federal Fluminense University, Biology Institute, Neurobiology Department, Laboratory of Neural Plasticity - Niteroi, PO Box: 100180, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology in Neuroimmunomodulation - INCT/NIM, Brazil.
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8
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Multimodal Rehabilitation Program Promotes Motor Function Recovery of Rats After Ischemic Stroke by Upregulating Expressions of GAP-43, SYN, HSP70, and C-MYC. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:2829-2839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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9
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Antonioli-Santos R, Lanzillotta-Mattos B, Hedin-Pereira C, Serfaty CA. The fine tuning of retinocollicular topography depends on reelin signaling during early postnatal development of the rat visual system. Neuroscience 2017; 357:264-272. [PMID: 28602919 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
During postnatal development, neural circuits are extremely dynamic and develop precise connection patterns that emerge as a result of the elimination of synaptic terminals, a process instructed by molecular cues and patterns of electrical activity. In the rodent visual system, this process begins during the first postnatal week and proceeds during the second and third postnatal weeks as spontaneous retinal activity and finally use-dependent fine tuning takes place. Reelin is a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein able to affect several steps of brain development, from neuronal migration to the maturation of dendritic spines and use-dependent synaptic development. In the present study, we investigated the role of reelin on the topographical refinement of primary sensory connections studying the development of retinal ganglion cell axon terminals in the rat superior colliculus. We found that reelin levels in the visual layers of the superior colliculus are the highest between the second and third postnatal weeks. Blocking reelin signaling with a neutralizing antibody (CR-50) from PND 7 to PND 14 induced a non-specific sprouting of ipsilateral retinocollicular axons outside their typical distribution of discrete patches of axon terminals. Also we found that reelin blockade resulted in reduced levels of phospho-GAP43, increased GluN1 and GluN2B-NMDA subunits and decreased levels of GAD65 content in the visual layers of the superior colliculus. The results suggest that reelin signaling is associated with the maturation of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic machinery influencing the development and fine tuning of topographically organized neural circuits during postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Antonioli-Santos
- Federal Fluminense University, Biology Institute, Neurobiology Department, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity - Niteroi, PO Box: 100180, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Research, Marcílio Dias Navy Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lanzillotta-Mattos
- Federal Fluminense University, Biology Institute, Neurobiology Department, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity - Niteroi, PO Box: 100180, Brazil
| | - Cecília Hedin-Pereira
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular Neuroanatomy - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudio Alberto Serfaty
- Federal Fluminense University, Biology Institute, Neurobiology Department, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity - Niteroi, PO Box: 100180, Brazil.
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10
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Vasques JF, Heringer PVB, Gonçalves RGDJ, Campello-Costa P, Serfaty CA, Faria-Melibeu ADC. Monocular denervation of visual nuclei modulates APP processing and sAPPα production: A possible role on neural plasticity. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 60:16-25. [PMID: 28323038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is essential to physiological processes such as synapse formation and neural plasticity. Sequential proteolysis of APP by beta- and gamma-secretases generates amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ), the main component of senile plaques in Alzheimer Disease. Alternative APP cleavage by alpha-secretase occurs within Aβ domain, releasing soluble α-APP (sAPPα), a neurotrophic fragment. Among other functions, sAPPα is important to synaptogenesis, neural survival and axonal growth. APP and sAPPα levels are increased in models of neuroplasticity, which suggests an important role for APP and its metabolites, especially sAPPα, in the rearranging brain. In this work we analyzed the effects of monocular enucleation (ME), a classical model of lesion-induced plasticity, upon APP content, processing and also in secretases levels. Besides, we addressed whether α-secretase activity is crucial for retinotectal remodeling after ME. Our results showed that ME induced a transient reduction in total APP content. We also detected an increase in α-secretase expression and in sAPP production concomitant with a reduction in Aβ and β-secretase contents. These data suggest that ME facilitates APP processing by the non-amyloidogenic pathway, increasing sAPPα levels. Indeed, the pharmacological inhibition of α-secretase activity reduced the axonal sprouting of ipsilateral retinocollicular projections from the intact eye after ME, suggesting that sAPPα is necessary for synaptic structural rearrangement. Understanding how APP processing is regulated under lesion conditions may provide new insights into APP physiological role on neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ferreira Vasques
- Programa de Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, CEP 24001-970, Niterói 100180, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro Vinícius Bastos Heringer
- Programa de Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, CEP 24001-970, Niterói 100180, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Guedes de Jesus Gonçalves
- Programa de Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, CEP 24001-970, Niterói 100180, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paula Campello-Costa
- Programa de Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, CEP 24001-970, Niterói 100180, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudio Alberto Serfaty
- Programa de Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, CEP 24001-970, Niterói 100180, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana da Cunha Faria-Melibeu
- Programa de Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, CEP 24001-970, Niterói 100180, RJ, Brazil.
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11
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Du J, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ma M. 7, 8-dihydroxycoumarin improves neurological function in a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:445-50. [PMID: 25774187 PMCID: PMC4350131 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury was treated with intraperitoneal injection of 7, 8-dihydroxycoumarin (10, 5, or 2.5 mg/kg per day). Western blot and real-time PCR results showed that growth associated protein 43 expression was significantly increased in the L4-6 segments of the spinal cord. The amplitude and velocity of motor nerve conduction in the sciatic nerve were significantly increased in model mice. In addition, the appearance of the myelin sheath in the injured sciatic nerve was regular, with an even thickness and clear outline, and the surrounding fibroplasia was not obvious. Our results indicate that 7, 8-dihydroxycoumarin can promote the repair of injured nerve by upregulating growth associated protein 43 expression in the corresponding spinal cord segments of mice with sciatic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshi Du
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yingli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
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12
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Zhang X, Chen J. The mechanism of astragaloside IV promoting sciatic nerve regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:2256-65. [PMID: 25206535 PMCID: PMC4146037 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.24.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-cycloastragenol (astragaloside IV), the main active component of the traditional Chinese medicine astragalus membranaceus, has been shown to be neuroprotective. This study investigated whether astragaloside IV could promote the repair of injured sciatic nerve. Denervated sciatic nerve of mice was subjected to anastomosis. The mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10, 5, 2.5 mg/kg astragaloside IV per day for 8 consecutive days. Western blot assay and real-time PCR results demonstrated that growth-associated protein-43 expression was upregulated in mouse spinal cord segments L4–6 after intervention with 10, 5, 2.5 mg/kg astragaloside IV per day in a dose-dependent manner. Luxol fast blue staining and electrophysiological detection suggested that astragaloside IV elevated the number and diameter of myelinated nerve fibers, and simultaneously increased motor nerve conduction velocity and action potential amplitude in the sciatic nerve of mice. These results indicated that astragaloside IV contributed to sciatic nerve regeneration and functional recovery in mice. The mechanism underlying this effect may be associated with the upregulation of growth-associated protein-43 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhang
- School of Pharmacutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
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13
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Liu F, Zhang H, Zhang K, Wang X, Li S, Yin Y. Rapamycin promotes Schwann cell migration and nerve growth factor secretion. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:602-9. [PMID: 25206862 PMCID: PMC4146242 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.130101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin, similar to FK506, can promote neural regeneration in vitro. We assumed that the mechanisms of action of rapamycin and FK506 in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration were similar. This study compared the effects of different concentrations of rapamycin and FK506 on Schwann cells and investigated effects and mechanisms of rapamycin on improving peripheral nerve regeneration. Results demonstrated that the lowest rapamycin concentration (1.53 nmol/L) more significantly promoted Schwann cell migration than the highest FK506 concentration (100μmol/L). Rapamycin promoted the secretion of nerve growth factors and upregulated growth-associated protein 43 expression in Schwann cells, but did not significantly affect Schwann cell proliferation. Therefore, rapamycin has potential application in peripheral nerve regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Haiwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, and Biomedical Materials and Engineering Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shipu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, and Biomedical Materials and Engineering Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yixia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, and Biomedical Materials and Engineering Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hunan Province, China
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14
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Wu M, Zhao G, Yang X, Peng C, Zhao J, Liu J, Li R, Gao Z. Puerarin accelerates neural regeneration after sciatic nerve injury. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:589-93. [PMID: 25206860 PMCID: PMC4146233 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.130097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin is a natural isoflavone isolated from plants of the genus Pueraria and functions as a protector against cerebral ischemia. We hypothesized that puerarin can be involved in the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. To test this hypothesis, doses of 10, 5, or 2.5 mg/kg per day puerarin (8-(β-D-Glucopyranosyl-7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) were injected intraperitoneally into mouse models of sciatic nerve injury. Puerarin at the middle and high doses significantly up-regulated the expression of growth-associated protein 43 in the L4–6 segments of the spinal cord from mice at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after modeling, and reduced the atrophy of the triceps surae on the affected side and promoted the regeneration of nerve fibers of the damaged spinal cord at 8 weeks after injury. We conclude that puerarin exerts an ongoing role to activate growth-associated protein 43 in the corresponding segment of the spinal cord after sciatic nerve injury, thus contributing to neural regeneration after sciatic nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minfei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guanjie Zhao
- Department of Nephropathy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chuangang Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jianwu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rui Li
- Hand & Foot Surgery and Reparative & Reconstruction Surgery Center, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhongli Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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15
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Cossenza M, Socodato R, Portugal CC, Domith ICL, Gladulich LFH, Encarnação TG, Calaza KC, Mendonça HR, Campello-Costa P, Paes-de-Carvalho R. Nitric oxide in the nervous system: biochemical, developmental, and neurobiological aspects. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2014; 96:79-125. [PMID: 25189385 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800254-4.00005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a very reactive molecule, and its short half-life would make it virtually invisible until its discovery. NO activates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), increasing 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels to activate PKGs. Although NO triggers several phosphorylation cascades due to its ability to react with Fe II in heme-containing proteins such as sGC, it also promotes a selective posttranslational modification in cysteine residues by S-nitrosylation, impacting on protein function, stability, and allocation. In the central nervous system (CNS), NO synthesis usually requires a functional coupling of nitric oxide synthase I (NOS I) and proteins such as NMDA receptors or carboxyl-terminal PDZ ligand of NOS (CAPON), which is critical for specificity and triggering of selected pathways. NO also modulates CREB (cAMP-responsive element-binding protein), ERK, AKT, and Src, with important implications for nerve cell survival and differentiation. Differences in the regulation of neuronal death or survival by NO may be explained by several mechanisms involving localization of NOS isoforms, amount of NO being produced or protein sets being modulated. A number of studies show that NO regulates neurotransmitter release and different aspects of synaptic dynamics, such as differentiation of synaptic specializations, microtubule dynamics, architecture of synaptic protein organization, and modulation of synaptic efficacy. NO has also been associated with synaptogenesis or synapse elimination, and it is required for long-term synaptic modifications taking place in axons or dendrites. In spite of tremendous advances in the knowledge of NO biological effects, a full description of its role in the CNS is far from being completely elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Cossenza
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Socodato
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila C Portugal
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ivan C L Domith
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis F H Gladulich
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thaísa G Encarnação
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karin C Calaza
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Henrique R Mendonça
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paula Campello-Costa
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho
- Programa de Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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16
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Graziano A, Foffani G, Knudsen EB, Shumsky J, Moxon KA. Passive exercise of the hind limbs after complete thoracic transection of the spinal cord promotes cortical reorganization. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54350. [PMID: 23349859 PMCID: PMC3551921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise promotes neural plasticity in the brain of healthy subjects and modulates pathophysiological neural plasticity after sensorimotor loss, but the mechanisms of this action are not fully understood. After spinal cord injury, cortical reorganization can be maximized by exercising the non-affected body or the residual functions of the affected body. However, exercise per se also produces systemic changes – such as increased cardiovascular fitness, improved circulation and neuroendocrine changes – that have a great impact on brain function and plasticity. It is therefore possible that passive exercise therapies typically applied below the level of the lesion in patients with spinal cord injury could put the brain in a more plastic state and promote cortical reorganization. To directly test this hypothesis, we applied passive hindlimb bike exercise after complete thoracic transection of the spinal cord in adult rats. Using western blot analysis, we found that the level of proteins associated with plasticity – specifically ADCY1 and BDNF – increased in the somatosensory cortex of transected animals that received passive bike exercise compared to transected animals that received sham exercise. Using electrophysiological techniques, we then verified that neurons in the deafferented hindlimb cortex increased their responsiveness to tactile stimuli delivered to the forelimb in transected animals that received passive bike exercise compared to transected animals that received sham exercise. Passive exercise below the level of the lesion, therefore, promotes cortical reorganization after spinal cord injury, uncovering a brain-body interaction that does not rely on intact sensorimotor pathways connecting the exercised body parts and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Graziano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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17
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Su WT, Liao YF, Wu TW, Wang BJ, Shih YY. Microgrooved patterns enhanced PC12 cell growth, orientation, neurite elongation, and neuritogenesis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:185-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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de Velasco PC, Mendonça HR, Borba JMC, Andrade da Costa BLDS, Guedes RCA, Navarro DMDAF, Santos GKN, Faria-Melibeu ADC, Campello Costa P, Serfaty CA. Nutritional restriction of omega-3 fatty acids alters topographical fine tuning and leads to a delay in the critical period in the rodent visual system. Exp Neurol 2011; 234:220-9. [PMID: 22227060 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The development and maturation of sensory systems depends on the correct pattern of connections which occurs during a critical period when axonal elimination and synaptic plasticity are involved in the formation of topographical maps. Among the mechanisms involved in synaptic stabilization, essential fatty acids (EFAs), available only through diet, appear as precursors of signaling molecules involved in modulation of gene expression and neurotransmitter release. Omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are considered EFAs and are accumulated in the brain during fetal period and neonatal development. In this study, we demonstrated the effect of omega-3/DHA nutritional restriction in the long-term stabilization of connections in the visual system. Female rats were fed 5 weeks before mating with either a control (soy oil) or a restricted (coconut oil) diet. Litters were fed until postnatal day 13 (PND13), PND28 or PND42 with the same diets when they received an intraocular injection of HRP. Another group received a single retinal lesion at the temporal periphery at PND21. Omega-3 restriction induced an increase in the optical density in the superficial layers of the SC, as a result of axonal sprouting outside the main terminal zones. This effect was observed throughout the SGS, including the ventral and intermediate sub-layers at PND13 and also at PND28 and PND42. The quantification of optical densities strongly suggests a delay in axonal elimination in the omega3(-) groups. The supplementation with fish oil (DHA) was able to completely reverse the abnormal expansion of the retinocollicular projection. The same pattern of expanded terminal fields was also observed in the ipsilateral retinogeniculate pathway. The critical period window was studied in lesion experiments in either control or omega-3/DHA restricted groups. DHA restriction induced an increased sprouting of intact, ipsilateral axons at the deafferented region of the superior colliculus compared to the control group, revealing an abnormal extension of the critical period. Finally, in omega-3 restricted group we observed in the collicular visual layers normal levels of GAP-43 with decreased levels of its phosphorylated form, p-GAP-43, consistent with a reduction in synaptic stabilization. The data indicate, therefore, that chronic dietary restriction of omega-3 results in a reduction in DHA levels which delays axonal elimination and critical period closure, interfering with the maintenance of terminal fields in the visual system.
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19
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Intravitreous interleukin-2 treatment and inflammation modulates glial cells activation and uncrossed retinotectal development. Neuroscience 2011; 200:223-36. [PMID: 22067607 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) plays regulatory functions both in immune and nervous system. However, in the visual system, little is known about the cellular types which respond to IL-2 and its effects. Herein, we investigated the influence of IL-2 in the development of central visual pathways. Lister Hooded rats were submitted to multiple (at postnatal days [PND]7/10/13) or single (at PND10) intravitreous injections of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (vehicle), zymosan, or IL-2. IL-2 receptor α subunit was detected in the whole postnatal retina. Chronic treatment with either PBS or IL-2 increases retinal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, induces intravitreous inflammation revealed by the presence of macrophages, and results in a slight rearrangement of retinotectal axons. Acute zymosan treatment disrupts retinotectal axons distribution, confirming the influence of inflammation on retinotectal pathway reordering. Furthermore, acute IL-2 treatment increases GFAP expression in the retina without inflammation and produces a robust sprouting of the intact uncrossed retinotectal pathway. No difference was observed in glial cells activity in superior colliculus. Taken together, these data suggest that inflammation and interleukin-2 modulate retinal ganglion cells development and the distribution of their axons within central targets.
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20
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Evidence for a role of calcineurin in the development of retinocollicular fine topography. Neurosci Lett 2011; 487:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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