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Jia Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Dai J, Zhang L, Wu X, Zhang J, Xiang H, Yang Y, Zeng Z, Chen Y. Knocking out Selenium Binding Protein 1 Induces Depressive-Like Behavior in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3149-3162. [PMID: 37801218 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Selenium binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) is involved in neurologic disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. However, the role of SELENBP1 in the neurogenesis of depression, which is a neurologic disorder, and the underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress and inflammation in depression remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated the changes in the expression levels of SELENBP1 in the hippocampus of a mouse model of depression and in the serum of human patients with depression using the Gene Expression Omnibus database. These changes were validated using blood samples from human patients with depression and mouse models with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive-like behavior. We also investigated the effects of SELENBP1 knockout (KO) on inflammation, oxidative stress, and hippocampal neurogenesis in mice with CUMS-induced depression. Our results revealed that SELENBP1 levels was decreased in the blood of human patients with depression and in the hippocampus of mice with CUMS-induced depression. SELENBP1 KO increased CUMS-induced depressive behavior in mice and caused dysregulation of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. This led to a decrease in the numbers of doublecortin- and Ki67-positive cells, which might aggravate CUMS-induced depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that SELENBP1 might be involved in the regulation of neurogenesis in mice with depression and could be served as a potential target for diagnosing and treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, the Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongxi Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yulian Chen
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center for College Students, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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2
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Levy MA, Beck DB, Metcalfe K, Douzgou S, Sithambaram S, Cottrell T, Ansar M, Kerkhof J, Mignot C, Nougues MC, Keren B, Moore HW, Oegema R, Giltay JC, Simon M, van Jaarsveld RH, Bos J, van Haelst M, Motazacker MM, Boon EMJ, Santen GWE, Ruivenkamp CAL, Alders M, Luperchio TR, Boukas L, Ramsey K, Narayanan V, Schaefer GB, Bonasio R, Doheny KF, Stevenson RE, Banka S, Sadikovic B, Fahrner JA. Deficiency of TET3 leads to a genome-wide DNA hypermethylation episignature in human whole blood. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:92. [PMID: 34750377 PMCID: PMC8576018 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
TET3 encodes an essential dioxygenase involved in epigenetic regulation through DNA demethylation. TET3 deficiency, or Beck-Fahrner syndrome (BEFAHRS; MIM: 618798), is a recently described neurodevelopmental disorder of the DNA demethylation machinery with a nonspecific phenotype resembling other chromatin-modifying disorders, but inconsistent variant types and inheritance patterns pose diagnostic challenges. Given TET3's direct role in regulating 5-methylcytosine and recent identification of syndrome-specific DNA methylation profiles, we analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation in whole blood of TET3-deficient individuals and identified an episignature that distinguishes affected and unaffected individuals and those with mono-allelic and bi-allelic pathogenic variants. Validation and testing of the episignature correctly categorized known TET3 variants and determined pathogenicity of variants of uncertain significance. Clinical utility was demonstrated when the episignature alone identified an affected individual from over 1000 undiagnosed cases and was confirmed upon distinguishing TET3-deficient individuals from those with 46 other disorders. The TET3-deficient signature - and the signature resulting from activating mutations in DNMT1 which normally opposes TET3 - are characterized by hypermethylation, which for BEFAHRS involves CpG sites that may be biologically relevant. This work expands the role of epi-phenotyping in molecular diagnosis and reveals genome-wide DNA methylation profiling as a quantitative, functional readout for characterization of this new biochemical category of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Levy
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A5W9, Canada
| | - David B Beck
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kay Metcalfe
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Sofia Douzgou
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Sivagamy Sithambaram
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Trudie Cottrell
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jennifer Kerkhof
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A5W9, Canada
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Departement de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere et Hopital Trousseau, Paris, 75651, France
| | - Marie-Christine Nougues
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Laboratoire de génétique, Hôpital Pïtié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, 75013, France
| | | | - Renske Oegema
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques C Giltay
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Simon
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard H van Jaarsveld
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Bos
- Section Clinical Genetics, Department Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke van Haelst
- Section Clinical Genetics, Department Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Mahdi Motazacker
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Genome Diagnostics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elles M J Boon
- Department of Human Genetics, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs W E Santen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia A L Ruivenkamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marielle Alders
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teresa Romeo Luperchio
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Leandros Boukas
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Roberto Bonasio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kimberly F Doheny
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A5W9, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A5W9, Canada.
| | - Jill A Fahrner
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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3
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Wang H, Feng Y, Sun J, Zhang W, Han Z, Yu S, Gu Y, Cheng X, Lin Z, Na M. Methyl-CpG-Binding Domain Protein 3 Promotes Seizures by Recruiting Methyltransferase DNMT1 to Enhance TREM2 Methylation. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2451-2462. [PMID: 34173118 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03371-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy represents a hazardous neurological disorder, underpinned by a pathophysiological process that is yet to be fully understood. Here, we aimed to elucidate the effect of methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 3 (MBD3) on hippocampal neuronal damage in epileptic mice by targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway. The expression of MBD3 was determined by Western blot in a hippocampal neuronal culture (HNC) epileptic model established using the low Mg2+ECF culture method. The interaction between MBD3 and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) was determined via co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis. Bisulfite modification and sequencing was performed to evaluate the degree of methylation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2). The viability and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons were detected by CCK-8 and TUNEL assays, respectively. Finally, the effect of MBD3 was verified in vivo. MBD3 was highly expressed in the HNC model of epilepsy, with its interaction with DNMT1 found to promote the hypermethylation of TREM2 at site cg25748868. Additionally, decreased TREM2 and inhibited PI3K/Akt pathway was observed in the HNC epileptic model. Simultaneous inhibition of MBD3 and DNMT1 decreased the methylation level at cg25748868, up-regulated TREM2 expression, and activated the PI3K/Akt pathway, thereby arresting neuronal damage. Inhibition of MBD3 reduced the level of epileptic seizures, down-regulated cg25748868 methylation, activated TREM2-mediated signaling pathways, and alleviated hippocampal neuronal damage in the acute seizure mouse models. The present study unveiled that MBD3 and DNMT1 synergistically enhanced hypermethylation of cg25748868 in TREM2, and promoted the onset of epilepsy via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengkun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingbo Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Na
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Gorniak-Walas M, Nizinska K, Lukasiuk K. Cloning and Functional Analysis of Rat Tweety-Homolog 1 Gene Promoter. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2463-2472. [PMID: 34173119 PMCID: PMC8302521 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tweety-homolog 1 protein (Ttyh1) is abundantly expressed in neurons in the healthy brain, and its expression is induced under pathological conditions. In hippocampal neurons in vitro, Ttyh1 was implicated in the regulation of primary neuron morphology. However, the mechanisms that underlie transcriptional regulation of the Ttyh1 gene in neurons remain elusive. The present study sought to identify the promoter of the Ttyh1 gene and functionally characterize cis-regulatory elements that are potentially involved in the transcriptional regulation of Ttyh1 expression in rat dissociated hippocampal neurons in vitro. We cloned a 592 bp rat Ttyh1 promoter sequence and designed deletion constructs of the transcription factors specificity protein 1 (Sp1), E2F transcription factor 3 (E2f3), and achaete-scute homolog 1 (Ascl1) that were fused upstream of a luciferase reporter gene in pGL4.10[luc2]. The luciferase reporter gene assay showed the possible involvement of Ascl1, Sp1, and responsive cis-regulatory elements in Ttyh1 expression. These findings provide novel information about Ttyh1 gene regulation in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Gorniak-Walas
- Laboratory of Epileptogenesis, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Nizinska
- Laboratory of Epileptogenesis, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lukasiuk
- Laboratory of Epileptogenesis, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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Nalamalapu RR, Yue M, Stone AR, Murphy S, Saha MS. The tweety Gene Family: From Embryo to Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:672511. [PMID: 34262434 PMCID: PMC8273234 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.672511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tweety genes encode gated chloride channels that are found in animals, plants, and even simple eukaryotes, signifying their deep evolutionary origin. In vertebrates, the tweety gene family is highly conserved and consists of three members—ttyh1, ttyh2, and ttyh3—that are important for the regulation of cell volume. While research has elucidated potential physiological functions of ttyh1 in neural stem cell maintenance, proliferation, and filopodia formation during neural development, the roles of ttyh2 and ttyh3 are less characterized, though their expression patterns during embryonic and fetal development suggest potential roles in the development of a wide range of tissues including a role in the immune system in response to pathogen-associated molecules. Additionally, members of the tweety gene family have been implicated in various pathologies including cancers, particularly pediatric brain tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Here, we review the current state of research using information from published articles and open-source databases on the tweety gene family with regard to its structure, evolution, expression during development and adulthood, biochemical and cellular functions, and role in human disease. We also identify promising areas for further research to advance our understanding of this important, yet still understudied, family of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rithvik R Nalamalapu
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Michelle Yue
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Aaron R Stone
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Samantha Murphy
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Margaret S Saha
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
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6
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Vieira N, Rito T, Correia-Neves M, Sousa N. Sorting Out Sorting Nexins Functions in the Nervous System in Health and Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4070-4106. [PMID: 33931804 PMCID: PMC8280035 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a fundamental process that controls protein/lipid composition of the plasma membrane, thereby shaping cellular metabolism, sensing, adhesion, signaling, and nutrient uptake. Endocytosis is essential for the cell to adapt to its surrounding environment, and a tight regulation of the endocytic mechanisms is required to maintain cell function and survival. This is particularly significant in the central nervous system (CNS), where composition of neuronal cell surface is crucial for synaptic functioning. In fact, distinct pathologies of the CNS are tightly linked to abnormal endolysosomal function, and several genome wide association analysis (GWAS) and biochemical studies have identified intracellular trafficking regulators as genetic risk factors for such pathologies. The sorting nexins (SNXs) are a family of proteins involved in protein trafficking regulation and signaling. SNXs dysregulation occurs in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Down’s syndrome (DS), schizophrenia, ataxia and epilepsy, among others, establishing clear roles for this protein family in pathology. Interestingly, restoration of SNXs levels has been shown to trigger synaptic plasticity recovery in a DS mouse model. This review encompasses an historical and evolutionary overview of SNXs protein family, focusing on its organization, phyla conservation, and evolution throughout the development of the nervous system during speciation. We will also survey SNXs molecular interactions and highlight how defects on SNXs underlie distinct pathologies of the CNS. Ultimately, we discuss possible strategies of intervention, surveying how our knowledge about the fundamental processes regulated by SNXs can be applied to the identification of novel therapeutic avenues for SNXs-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neide Vieira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Rito
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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7
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Tweety-Homolog 1 Facilitates Pain via Enhancement of Nociceptor Excitability and Spinal Synaptic Transmission. Neurosci Bull 2020; 37:478-496. [PMID: 33355899 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tweety-homolog 1 (Ttyh1) is expressed in neural tissue and has been implicated in the generation of several brain diseases. However, its functional significance in pain processing is not understood. By disrupting the gene encoding Ttyh1, we found a loss of Ttyh1 in nociceptors and their central terminals in Ttyh1-deficient mice, along with a reduction in nociceptor excitability and synaptic transmission at identified synapses between nociceptors and spinal neurons projecting to the periaqueductal grey (PAG) in the basal state. More importantly, the peripheral inflammation-evoked nociceptor hyperexcitability and spinal synaptic potentiation recorded in spinal-PAG projection neurons were compromised in Ttyh1-deficient mice. Analysis of the paired-pulse ratio and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents indicated a role of presynaptic Ttyh1 from spinal nociceptor terminals in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. Interfering with Ttyh1 specifically in nociceptors produces a comparable pain relief. Thus, in this study we demonstrated that Ttyh1 is a critical determinant of acute nociception and pain sensitization caused by peripheral inflammation.
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8
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Cao XL, Zhang X, Zhang YF, Zhang YZ, Song CG, Liu F, Hu YY, Zheng MH, Han H. Expression and purification of mouse Ttyh1 fragments as antigens to generate Ttyh1-specific monoclonal antibodies. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 130:81-89. [PMID: 27678288 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ttyh1 is a murine homolog of the Drosophila Tweety and is predicted as a five-pass transmembrane protein. The Ttyh1 mRNA is expressed in mouse brain tissues with a restricted pattern and in human glioma cells. Ttyh1 protein may function as a large-conductance chloride channel, however, the role of Ttyh1 in normal neural development and tumorigenesis has been largely unknown, at least partially due to the lack of effective antibodies. Here we report the expression in E. coli and purification of two recombinant Ttyh1 protein fragments corresponding to one of the predicted extracellular domains and the carboxyl terminus of the mouse Ttyh1. With these Ttyh1 protein products, a set of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the mouse Ttyh1 protein was established by using conventional hybridoma techniques. The specificity of the anti-Ttyh1 mAbs was determined based on their activities in Western blotting and immunofluorescent analysis using embryonic brain tissues and cultured mouse neural stem cells (NSCs). We also show that the mouse Ttyh1 protein was expressed in cultured NSCs, most likely in membrane and cytoplasm. In mouse embryonic brains, it appeared that the Ttyh1 protein was specifically expressed in the apical edge of the ventricular zone as puncta-like structures, as determined by using immunofluorescence. Taken together, our study provided a useful tool for further exploration of the biological functions and pathological significance of Ttyh1 in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Li Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu-Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yi-Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chang-Geng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yi-Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Min-Hua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Bednarczyk J, Dębski KJ, Bot AM, Lukasiuk K. MBD3 expression and DNA binding patterns are altered in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33736. [PMID: 27650712 PMCID: PMC5030630 DOI: 10.1038/srep33736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine involvement of MBD3 (methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 3), a protein involved in reading DNA methylation patterns, in epileptogenesis and epilepsy. We used a well-characterized rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy that is triggered by status epilepticus, evoked by electrical stimulation of the amygdala. Stimulated and sham-operated animals were sacrificed 14 days after stimulation. We found that MBD3 transcript was present in neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes in both control and epileptic animals. We detected the nuclear localization of MBD3 protein in neurons, mature oligodendrocytes, and a subpopulation of astrocytes but not in microglia. Amygdala stimulation significantly increased the level of MBD3 immunofluorescence. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry and Western blot revealed that MBD3 in the adult brain assembles the NuRD complex, which also contains MTA2, HDAC2, and GATAD2B. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with deep sequencing, we observed differences in the occupancy of DNA regions by MBD3 protein between control and stimulated animals. This was not followed by subsequent changes in the mRNA expression levels of selected MBD3 targets. Our data demonstrate for the first time alterations in the MBD3 expression and DNA occupancy in the experimental model of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bednarczyk
- Laboratory of Epileptogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad J. Dębski
- Laboratory of Epileptogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M. Bot
- Laboratory of Epileptogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lukasiuk
- Laboratory of Epileptogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Characterization of tweety gene (ttyh1-3) expression in Xenopus laevis during embryonic development. Gene Expr Patterns 2014; 17:38-44. [PMID: 25541457 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The tweety family of genes encodes large-conductance chloride channels and has been implicated in a wide array of cellular processes including cell division, cell adhesion, regulation of calcium activity, and tumorigenesis, particularly in neuronal cells. However, their expression patterns during early development remain largely unknown. Here, we describe the spatial and temporal patterning of ttyh1, ttyh2, and ttyh3 in Xenopus laevis during early embryonic development. Ttyh1 and ttyh3 are initially expressed at the late neurula stage are and primarily localized to the developing nervous system; however ttyh1 and ttyh3 both show transient expression in the somites. By swimming tadpole stages, all three genes are expressed in the brain, spinal cord, eye, and cranial ganglia. While ttyh1 is restricted to proliferative, ventricular zones, ttyh3 is primarily localized to postmitotic regions of the developing nervous system. Ttyh2, however, is strongly expressed in cranial ganglia V, VII, IX and X. The differing temporal and spatial expression patterns of ttyh1, ttyh2, and ttyh3 suggest that they may play distinct roles throughout embryonic development.
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11
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Ttyh1 protein is expressed in glia in vitro and shows elevated expression in activated astrocytes following status epilepticus. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:2516-26. [PMID: 25316497 PMCID: PMC4246129 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we showed that Ttyh1 protein is expressed in neurons in vitro and in vivo in the form of punctuate structures, which are localized to neuropil and neuronal somata. Herein, we provide the first description of Ttyh1 protein expression in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia in vitro. Moreover, using double immunofluorescence, we show Ttyh1 protein expression in activated astrocytes in the hippocampus following amygdala stimulation-induced status epilepticus. We demonstrate that in migrating astrocytes in in vitro wound model Ttyh1 concentrates at the edges of extending processes. These data suggest that Ttyh1 not only participates in shaping neuronal morphology, as previously described, but may also play a role in the function of activated glia in brain pathology. To localize Ttyh1 expression in the cellular compartments of neurons and astrocytes, we performed in vitro double immunofluorescent staining using markers for the following subcellular structures: endoplasmic reticulum (GRP78), Golgi apparatus (GM130), clathrin-coated vehicles (clathrin), early endosomes (Rab5 and APPL2), recycling endosomes (Rab11), trans-Golgi network (TGN46), endoplasmic reticulum membrane (calnexin), late endosomes and lysosomes (LAMP1) and synaptic vesicles (synaptoporin and synaptotagmin 1). We found that Ttyh1 is present in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and clathrin-coated vesicles (clathrin) in both neurons and astrocytes and also in late endosomes or lysosomes in astrocytes. The presence of Ttyh1 was negligible in early endosomes, recycling endosomes, trans-Golgi network, endoplasmic reticulum membrane and synaptic vesicles.
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12
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Pillai R, Uyehara-Lock JH, Bellinger FP. Selenium and selenoprotein function in brain disorders. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:229-39. [PMID: 24668686 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Selenoproteins are important for normal brain function, and decreased function of selenoproteins can lead to impaired cognitive function and neurological disorders. This review examines the possible roles of selenoproteins in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and epilepsy. Selenium deficiency is associated with cognitive decline, and selenoproteins may be helpful in preventing neurodegeneration in AD. PD is associated with impaired function of glutathione peroxidase selenoenzymes. In HD, selenium deters lipid peroxidation by increasing specific glutathione peroxidases. Selenium deficiency increases risk of seizures in epilepsy, whereas supplementation may help to alleviate seizures. Further studies on the mechanisms of selenoprotein function will increase our understanding of how selenium and selenoproteins can be used in treatment and prevention of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Pillai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
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13
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Insights into the PX (phox-homology) domain and SNX (sorting nexin) protein families: structures, functions and roles in disease. Biochem J 2011; 441:39-59. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20111226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian genome encodes 49 proteins that possess a PX (phox-homology) domain, responsible for membrane attachment to organelles of the secretory and endocytic system via binding of phosphoinositide lipids. The PX domain proteins, most of which are classified as SNXs (sorting nexins), constitute an extremely diverse family of molecules that play varied roles in membrane trafficking, cell signalling, membrane remodelling and organelle motility. In the present review, we present an overview of the family, incorporating recent functional and structural insights, and propose an updated classification of the proteins into distinct subfamilies on the basis of these insights. Almost all PX domain proteins bind PtdIns3P and are recruited to early endosomal membranes. Although other specificities and localizations have been reported for a select few family members, the molecular basis for binding to other lipids is still not clear. The PX domain is also emerging as an important protein–protein interaction domain, binding endocytic and exocytic machinery, transmembrane proteins and many other molecules. A comprehensive survey of the molecular interactions governed by PX proteins highlights the functional diversity of the family as trafficking cargo adaptors and membrane-associated scaffolds regulating cell signalling. Finally, we examine the mounting evidence linking PX proteins to different disorders, in particular focusing on their emerging importance in both pathogen invasion and amyloid production in Alzheimer's disease.
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Abstract
Prevention of epileptogenesis after brain trauma is an unmet medical challenge. Recent molecular profiling studies have provided an insight into molecular changes that contribute to formation of ictogenic neuronal networks, including genes regulating synaptic or neuronal plasticity, cell death, proliferation, and inflammatory or immune responses. These mechanisms have been targeted to prevent epileptogenesis in animal models. Favourable effects have been obtained using immunosuppressants, antibodies blocking adhesion of leucocytes to endothelial cells, gene therapy driving expression of neurotrophic factors, pharmacological neurostimulation, or even with conventional antiepileptic drugs by administering them before the appearance of genetic epilepsy. Further studies are needed to clarify the optimum time window and aetiological specificity of treatments. Questions related to adverse events also need further consideration. Encouragingly, the recent experimental studies emphasise that the complicated process of epileptogenesis can be favourably modified, and that antiepileptogenesis as a treatment indication might not be an impossible mission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asla Pitkänen
- Department of Neurobiology, A I Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, and Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
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Stefaniuk M, Swiech L, Dzwonek J, Lukasiuk K. Expression of Ttyh1, a member of the Tweety family in neurons in vitro and in vivo and its potential role in brain pathology. J Neurochem 2010; 115:1183-94. [PMID: 20874767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that Ttyh1 mRNA is expressed in neurons and its expression is up-regulated in the brain during epileptogenesis and epilepsy. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of Ttyh1 in neurons. We found widespread expression of Ttyh1 protein in neurons in vivo and in vitro. Ttyh1 immunoreactivity in vitro was frequently found in invaginations of dendritic spines; however, Ttyh1, seldom co-localized with synaptic markers in vivo. Silencing Ttyh1 expression with siRNA in hippocampal cultures resulted in alterations of MAP2 distribution along neurites causing it to appear in the form of chains of beads. Over-expression of Ttyh1 caused intense neuritogenesis and the formation of numerous filopodia-like protrusions. Similar protrusions were also produced in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells over-expressing Ttyh1. Using a biotin-streptavidin pull-down assay and mass spectrometry, we identified proteins that can form complexes with Ttyh1 in the brain. Ttyh1 binding proteins are often expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus or are localized at synapses. Finally, we found increased expression of Ttyh1 in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in an animal model of epilepsy. On the basis of our findings, we propose Ttyh1 involvement in brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Stefaniuk
- Laboratory of Epileptogenesis, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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