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Oeztuerk M, Henes A, Schroeter CB, Nelke C, Quint P, Theissen L, Meuth SG, Ruck T. Current Biomarker Strategies in Autoimmune Neuromuscular Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:2456. [PMID: 37887300 PMCID: PMC10605022 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory neuromuscular disorders encompass a diverse group of immune-mediated diseases with varying clinical manifestations and treatment responses. The identification of specific biomarkers has the potential to provide valuable insights into disease pathogenesis, aid in accurate diagnosis, predict disease course, and monitor treatment efficacy. However, the rarity and heterogeneity of these disorders pose significant challenges in the identification and implementation of reliable biomarkers. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of biomarkers currently established in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), myasthenia gravis (MG), and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). It highlights the existing biomarkers in these disorders, including diagnostic, prognostic, predictive and monitoring biomarkers, while emphasizing the unmet need for additional specific biomarkers. The limitations and challenges associated with the current biomarkers are discussed, and the potential implications for disease management and personalized treatment strategies are explored. Collectively, biomarkers have the potential to improve the management of inflammatory neuromuscular disorders. However, novel strategies and further research are needed to establish clinically meaningful biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.O.); (A.H.); (P.Q.)
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2
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Ginstman F, Ghafouri B, Zsigmond P. Altered levels of transthyretin in human cerebral microdialysate after subarachnoid haemorrhage using proteomics; a descriptive pilot study. Proteome Sci 2023; 21:10. [PMID: 37420193 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-023-00210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is one of the most severe forms of stroke in which delayed cerebral ischemia is one of the major complications. Neurointensive care aims at preventing and treating such complications and identification of biomarkers of early signs of ischemia might therefore be helpful. METHODS We aimed at describing proteome profile in cerebral microdialysate in four patients with aneurysmal SAH using two dimensional gel electrophoresis in combination with mass spectrometry in search for new biomarkers for delayed cerebral ischemia and to investigate if there were temporal fluctuations in those biomarkers over time after aneurysmal bleed. RESULTS The results showed transthyretin in nine different proteoforms (1001, 1102, 2101, 3101, 4101, 4102, 5001, 5101, 6101) in cerebral microdialysate samples from four patients having sustained SAH. Several proteoforms show highly differing levels and pooled analysis of all samples showed varying optical density related to time from aneurysmal bleed, indicating a temporal evolution. CONCLUSIONS Transthyretin proteoforms have not earlier been shown in cerebral microdialysate after SAH and we describe differing levels based on proteoform as well as time from subarachnoid bleed. Transthyretin is well known to be synthetized in choroid plexus, whilst intraparenchymal synthesis remains controversial. The results need to be confirmed in larger studies in order to further describe transthyretin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Ginstman
- Department of Neurosurgery in Linköping and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Bijar Ghafouri
- Pain and Rehabilitation Center and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Zsigmond
- Department of Neurosurgery in Linköping and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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3
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Breville G, Sukockiene E, Vargas MI, Lascano AM. Emerging biomarkers to predict clinical outcomes in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:1201-1215. [PMID: 37902064 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2273386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated poly(radiculo)neuropathy with a variable clinical outcome. Identifying patients who are at risk of suffering from long-term disabilities is a great challenge. Biomarkers are useful to confirm diagnosis, monitor disease progression, and predict outcome. AREAS COVERED The authors provide an overview of the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for GBS, which are useful for establishing early treatment strategies and follow-up care plans. EXPERT OPINION Detecting patients at risk of developing a severe outcome may improve management of disease progression and limit potential complications. Several clinical factors are associated with poor prognosis: higher age, presence of diarrhea within 4 weeks of symptom onset, rapid and severe weakness progression, dysautonomia, decreased vital capacity and facial, bulbar, and neck weakness. Biological, neurophysiological and imaging measures of unfavorable outcome include multiple anti-ganglioside antibodies elevation, increased serum and CSF neurofilaments light (NfL) and heavy chain, decreased NfL CSF/serum ratio, hypoalbuminemia, nerve conduction study with early signs of demyelination or axonal loss and enlargement of nerve cross-sectional area on ultrasound. Depicting prognostic biomarkers aims at predicting short-term mortality and need for cardio-pulmonary support, long-term patient functional outcome, guiding treatment decisions and monitoring therapeutic responses in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Breville
- Neurology Division, Neuroscience Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Egle Sukockiene
- Neurology Division, Neuroscience Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Isabel Vargas
- Neuroradiology Division, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Agustina M Lascano
- Neurology Division, Neuroscience Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Kim M, Kim H, Kim D, Kim D, Huh Y, Park C, Chung HJ, Jung J, Jeong NY. Heme Oxygenase 1 in Schwann Cells Regulates Peripheral Nerve Degeneration Against Oxidative Stress. ASN Neuro 2020; 11:1759091419838949. [PMID: 31046408 PMCID: PMC6498775 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419838949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During Wallerian degeneration, Schwann cells lose their characteristic of myelinating axons and shift into the state of developmental promyelinating cells. This recharacterized Schwann cell guides newly regrowing axons to their destination and remyelinates reinnervated axons. This Schwann cell dynamics during Wallerian degeneration is associated with oxidative events. Heme oxygenases (HOs) are involved in the oxidative degradation of heme into biliverdin/bilirubin, ferrous iron, and carbon monoxide. Overproduction of ferrous iron by HOs increases reactive oxygen species, which have deleterious effects on living cells. Thus, the key molecule for understanding the exact mechanism of Wallerian degeneration in the peripheral nervous system is likely related to oxidative stress-mediated HOs in Schwann cells. In this study, we demonstrate that demyelinating Schwann cells during Wallerian degeneration highly express HO1, not HO2, and remyelinating Schwann cells during nerve regeneration decrease HO1 activation to levels similar to those in normal myelinating Schwann cells. In addition, HO1 activation during Wallerian degeneration regulates several critical phenotypes of recharacterized repair Schwann cells, such as demyelination, transdedifferentiation, and proliferation. Thus, these results suggest that oxidative stress in Schwann cells after peripheral nerve injury may be regulated by HO1 activation during Wallerian degeneration and oxidative-stress-related HO1 activation in Schwann cells may be helpful to study deeply molecular mechanism of Wallerian degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muwoong Kim
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyosun Kim
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Biomedical Science, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Graduation School, Kyung Hee Univeristy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dogyeong Kim
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Biomedical Science, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Graduation School, Kyung Hee Univeristy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Biomedical Science, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Graduation School, Kyung Hee Univeristy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngbuhm Huh
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Biomedical Science, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Graduation School, Kyung Hee Univeristy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Park
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Biomedical Science, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Graduation School, Kyung Hee Univeristy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Chung
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, Korea
| | - Junyang Jung
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Biomedical Science, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Graduation School, Kyung Hee Univeristy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Young Jeong
- 4 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
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Cagnone M, Bardoni A, Iadarola P, Viglio S. Could Proteomics Become a Future Useful Tool to Shed Light on the Mechanisms of Rare Neurodegenerative Disorders? High Throughput 2018; 7:ht7010002. [PMID: 29485613 PMCID: PMC5876528 DOI: 10.3390/ht7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Very often the clinical features of rare neurodegenerative disorders overlap with those of other, more common clinical disturbances. As a consequence, not only the true incidence of these disorders is underestimated, but many patients also experience a significant delay before a definitive diagnosis. Under this scenario, it appears clear that any accurate tool producing information about the pathological mechanisms of these disorders would offer a novel context for their precise identification by strongly enhancing the interpretation of symptoms. With the advent of proteomics, detection and identification of proteins in different organs/tissues, aimed at understanding whether they represent an attractive tool for monitoring alterations in these districts, has become an area of increasing interest. The aim of this report is to provide an overview of the most recent applications of proteomics as a new strategy for identifying biomarkers with a clinical utility for the investigation of rare neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Cagnone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Anna Bardoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Paolo Iadarola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "L. Spallanzani", Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Simona Viglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Alterations of plasma concentrations of lipophilic antioxidants are associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 470:75-80. [PMID: 28476374 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory polyneuropathy resulting in demyelination in peripheral nervous system. Myelin enriched in lipids is easily oxidized by reactive oxygen species during inflammation. Oxidative stress and lipophilic anti-oxidative capacities in GBS patients have not been fully explored. To evaluate the redox status of GBS patients, we measured malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lipophilic antioxidants, and tocopherols concentrations in plasma from GBS patients and age-matched healthy controls. RESULTS Concentrations of γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol decreased significantly, and α-carotene significantly increased in GBS patients compared to healthy controls. However, no significant changes in MDA and MPO concentrations were detected. In GBS patients, the γ-tocopherol concentration correlated positively with concentrations of δ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol, lutein, Q10, and γ-CEHC, respectively. Similarly, the δ-tocopherol concentration correlated positively with γ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol, lutein, Q10, δ-CEHC, and γ-CEHC concentrations, respectively. The receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed that γ-tocopherol may serve as a good predictor for GBS. CONCLUSIONS Diminished lipophilic antioxidant defense, mainly γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol, in GBS patients accounting for their lowered resistance to reactive oxygen species is probably associated with pathogenesis of GBS, and potentially useful for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Bastos P, Ferreira R, Manadas B, Moreira PI, Vitorino R. Insights into the human brain proteome: Disclosing the biological meaning of protein networks in cerebrospinal fluid. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2017; 54:185-204. [PMID: 28393582 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2017.1299682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an excellent source of biological information regarding the nervous system, once it is in close contact and accurately reflects alterations in this system. Several studies have analyzed differential protein profiles of CSF samples between healthy and diseased human subjects. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms and how CSF proteins relate to diseases are still poorly known. By applying bioinformatics tools, we attempted to provide new insights on the biological and functional meaning of proteomics data envisioning the identification of putative disease biomarkers. Bioinformatics analysis of data retrieved from 99 mass spectrometry (MS)-based studies on CSF profiling highlighted 1985 differentially expressed proteins across 49 diseases. A large percentage of the modulated proteins originate from exosome vesicles, and the majority are involved in either neuronal cell growth, development, maturation, migration, or neurotransmitter-mediated cellular communication. Nevertheless, some diseases present a unique CSF proteome profile, which were critically analyzed in the present study. For instance, 48 proteins were found exclusively upregulated in the CSF of patients with Alzheimer's disease and are mainly involved in steroid esterification and protein activation cascade processes. A higher number of exclusively upregulated proteins were found in the CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis (76 proteins) and with bacterial meningitis (70 proteins). Whereas in multiple sclerosis, these proteins are mostly involved in the regulation of RNA metabolism and apoptosis, in bacterial meningitis the exclusively upregulated proteins participate in inflammation and antibacterial humoral response, reflecting disease pathogenesis. The exploration of the contribution of exclusively upregulated proteins to disease pathogenesis will certainly help to envision potential biomarkers in the CSF for the clinical management of nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Bastos
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal.,b Department of Medical Sciences , Institute for Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- c QOPNA, Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- d CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- d CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,e Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- b Department of Medical Sciences , Institute for Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal.,f Departmento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina , Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Illes Z, Blaabjerg M. Cerebrospinal fluid findings in Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2017; 146:125-138. [PMID: 29110767 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804279-3.00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The classic immunologic alteration of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), albuminocytologic dissociation, has been known since the original paper by Guillain, Barré, and Strohl. Albuminocytologic dissociation has been also described in other forms of the GBS spectrum, such as axonal motor or motor-sensory forms (AMAN, AMSAN), the anti-GQ1b spectrum of Miller Fisher syndrome, and Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis. Cytokines, chemokines, antibodies, complement components, and molecules with a putative neuroprotective role or indicating axonal damage have also been examined using different methods. Besides these candidate approaches, proteomics has been recently applied to discover potential biomarkers. The overall results support the immunopathogenesis of GBS, but albuminocytologic dissociation remained the only consistent CSF biomarker supporting the diagnosis of GBS. Chronic inflammatory neuropathies also comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases. Increased protein in the CSF is a supportive factor of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, especially in the absence of definite electrophysiologic criteria. A number of other markers have also been investigated in the CSF of patients with chronic inflammatory neuropathies, similar to GBS. However, none has been used in supporting diagnosis, differentiating among syndromes, or predicting the clinical course and treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Illes
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Morten Blaabjerg
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Mateos-Hernández L, Villar M, Doncel-Pérez E, Trevisan-Herraz M, García-Forcada Á, Ganuza FR, Vázquez J, de la Fuente J. Quantitative proteomics reveals Piccolo as a candidate serological correlate of recovery from Guillain-Barré syndrome. Oncotarget 2016; 7:74582-74591. [PMID: 27776345 PMCID: PMC5342688 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune-mediated peripheral neuropathy of unknown cause. However, about a quarter of GBS patients have suffered a recent bacterial or viral infection, and axonal forms of the disease are especially common in these patients. Proteomics is a good methodological approach for the discovery of disease biomarkers. Until recently, most proteomics studies of GBS and other neurodegenerative diseases have focused on the analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, serum represents an attractive alternative to CSF because it is easier to sample and has potential for biomarker discovery. The goal of this research was the identification of serum biomarkers associated with recovery from GBS. To address this objective, a quantitative proteomics approach was used to characterize differences in the serum proteome between a GBS patient and her healthy identical twin in order to lessen variations due to differences in genetic background, and with additional serum samples collected from unrelated GBS (N = 3) and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) (N = 3) patients with similar medications. Proteomics results were then validated by ELISA using sera from additional GBS patients (N = 5) and healthy individuals (N = 3). All GBS and SCI patients were recovering from the acute phase of the disease. The results showed that Piccolo, a protein that is essential in the maintenance of active zone structure, constitutes a potential serological correlate of recovery from GBS. These results provided the first evidence for the Piccolo´s putative role in GBS, suggesting a candidate target for developing a serological marker of disease recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Mateos-Hernández
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Margarita Villar
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ernesto Doncel-Pérez
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Ángel García-Forcada
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Francisco Romero Ganuza
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Ziganshin RH, Ivanova OM, Lomakin YA, Belogurov AA, Kovalchuk SI, Azarkin IV, Arapidi GP, Anikanov NA, Shender VO, Piradov MA, Suponeva NA, Vorobyeva AA, Gabibov AG, Ivanov VT, Govorun VM. The Pathogenesis of the Demyelinating Form of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS): Proteo-peptidomic and Immunological Profiling of Physiological Fluids. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2366-78. [PMID: 27143409 PMCID: PMC4937510 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.056036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) - the main form of Guillain-Barre syndrome-is a rare and severe disorder of the peripheral nervous system with an unknown etiology. One of the hallmarks of the AIDP pathogenesis is a significantly elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein level. In this paper CSF peptidome and proteome in AIDP were analyzed and compared with multiple sclerosis and control patients. A total protein concentration increase was shown to be because of even changes in all proteins rather than some specific response, supporting the hypothesis of protein leakage from blood through the blood-nerve barrier. The elevated CSF protein level in AIDP was complemented by activization of protein degradation and much higher peptidome diversity. Because of the studies of the acute motor axonal form, Guillain-Barre syndrome as a whole is thought to be associated with autoimmune response against neurospecific molecules. Thus, in AIDP, autoantibodies against cell adhesion proteins localized at Ranvier's nodes were suggested as possible targets in AIDP. Indeed, AIDP CSF peptidome analysis revealed cell adhesion proteins degradation, however no reliable dependence on the corresponding autoantibodies levels was found. Proteome analysis revealed overrepresentation of Gene Ontology groups related to responses to bacteria and virus infections, which were earlier suggested as possible AIDP triggers. Immunoglobulin blood serum analysis against most common neuronal viruses did not reveal any specific pathogen; however, AIDP patients were more immunopositive in average and often had polyinfections. Cytokine analysis of both AIDP CSF and blood did not show a systemic adaptive immune response or general inflammation, whereas innate immunity cytokines were up-regulated. To supplement the widely-accepted though still unproven autoimmunity-based AIDP mechanism we propose a hypothesis of the primary peripheral nervous system damaging initiated as an innate immunity-associated local inflammation following neurotropic viruses egress, whereas the autoantibody production might be an optional complementary secondary process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustam H Ziganshin
- From the ‡Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation;
| | - Olga M Ivanova
- From the ‡Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Yakov A Lomakin
- From the ‡Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Belogurov
- From the ‡Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey I Kovalchuk
- From the ‡Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Azarkin
- From the ‡Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Georgij P Arapidi
- From the ‡Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation; §Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay A Anikanov
- From the ‡Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria O Shender
- From the ‡Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Piradov
- ¶Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoye highway, 80, Moscow 125367, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia A Suponeva
- ¶Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoye highway, 80, Moscow 125367, Russian Federation
| | - Anna A Vorobyeva
- ¶Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoye highway, 80, Moscow 125367, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander G Gabibov
- From the ‡Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim T Ivanov
- From the ‡Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim M Govorun
- From the ‡Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation; §Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation; ‖Research Institute of Physical Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya str., 1a, Moscow 119435, Russian Federation
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Abstract
Leakage of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a common pathological feature in multiple sclerosis (MS). Following a breach of the BBB, albumin, the most abundant protein in plasma, gains access to CNS tissue where it is exposed to an inflammatory milieu and tissue damage, e.g., demyelination. Once in the CNS, albumin can participate in protective mechanisms. For example, due to its high concentration and molecular properties, albumin becomes a target for oxidation and nitration reactions. Furthermore, albumin binds metals and heme thereby limiting their ability to produce reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Albumin also has the potential to worsen disease. Similar to pathogenic processes that occur during epilepsy, extravasated albumin could induce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and affect the ability of astrocytes to maintain potassium homeostasis thereby possibly making neurons more vulnerable to glutamate exicitotoxicity, which is thought to be a pathogenic mechanism in MS. The albumin quotient, albumin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/albumin in serum, is used as a measure of blood-CSF barrier dysfunction in MS, but it may be inaccurate since albumin levels in the CSF can be influenced by multiple factors including: 1) albumin becomes proteolytically cleaved during disease, 2) extravasated albumin is taken up by macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes, and 3) the location of BBB damage affects the entry of extravasated albumin into ventricular CSF. A discussion of the roles that albumin performs during MS is put forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M LeVine
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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The immunobiology of Campylobacter jejuni: Innate immunity and autoimmune diseases. Immunobiology 2015; 221:535-43. [PMID: 26709064 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Campylobacter jejuni causes gastroenteritis and Guillain-Barré syndrome in humans. Recent advances in the immunobiology of C. jejuni have been made. This review summarizes C. jejuni-binding innate receptors and highlights the role of innate immunity in autoimmune diseases. This human pathogen produces a variety of glycoconjugates, including human ganglioside-like determinants and multiple activators of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Furthermore, C. jejuni targets MyD88, NLRP3 inflammasome, TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs), macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), and immunoglobulin-like receptors (TREM2, LMIR5/CD300b). The roles of these innate receptors and signaling molecules have been extensively studied. MyD88-mediated TLR activation or inflammasome-dependent IL-1β secretion is essential for autoimmune induction. TRIF mediates the production of type I interferons that promote humoral immune responses and immunoglobulin class-switching. Siglec-1 and Siglec-7 interact directly with gangliosides. Siglec-1 activation enhances phagocytosis and inflammatory responses. MGL internalizes GalNAc-containing glycoconjugates. TREM2 is well-known for its role in phagocytosis. LMIR5 recognizes C. jejuni components and endogenous sulfoglycolipids. Several lines of evidence from animal models of autoimmune diseases suggest that simultaneous activation of innate immunity in the presence of autoreactive lymphocytes or antigen mimicry may link C. jejuni to immunopathology.
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Biomarkers of Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Some Recent Progress, More Still to Be Explored. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:564098. [PMID: 26451079 PMCID: PMC4588351 DOI: 10.1155/2015/564098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), the axonal subtype of which is mainly triggered by C. jejuni with ganglioside-mimicking lipooligosaccharides (LOS), is an immune-mediated disorder in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) accompanied by the disruption of the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (B-CSF-B). Biomarkers of GBS have been extensively explored and some of them are proved to assist in the clinical diagnosis and in monitoring disease progression as well as in assessing the efficacy of immunotherapy. Herein, we systemically review the literature on biomarkers of GBS, including infection-/immune-/BNB, B-CSF-B, and PNS damage-associated biomarkers, aiming at providing an overview of GBS biomarkers and guiding further investigations. Furthermore, we point out further directions for studies on GBS biomarkers.
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Maarouf CL, Beach TG, Adler CH, Shill HA, Sabbagh MN, Wu T, Walker DG, Kokjohn TA, Roher AE. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuropathologically diagnosed Parkinson's disease subjects. Neurol Res 2013; 34:669-76. [PMID: 22889670 DOI: 10.1179/1743132812y.0000000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parkinson's disease (PD) afflicts approximately 1-2% of the population over 50 years of age. No cures or effective modifying treatments exist and clinical diagnosis is currently confounded by a lack of definitive biomarkers. We sought to discover potential biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of neuropathologically confirmed PD cases. METHODS We compared postmortem ventricular CSF (V-CSF) from PD and normal control (NC) subjects using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Spots exhibiting a 1·5-fold or greater difference in volume between PD patients and controls were excised from the two-dimensional gels, subjected to tryptic digestion and identification of peptides assigned using mass spectrometric/data bank correlation methods. RESULTS Employing this strategy six molecules: fibrinogen, transthyretin, apolipoprotein E, clusterin, apolipoprotein A-1, and glutathione-S-transferase-Pi, were found to be different between PD and NC populations. DISCUSSION These molecules have been implicated in PD pathogenesis. Combining biomarker data from multiple laboratories may create a consensus panel of proteins that may serve as a diagnostic tool for this neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chera L Maarouf
- The Longtine Center for Neurodegenerative Biochemistry, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
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Kartsova LA, Obedkova EV. Chromatographic and electrophoretic profiles of biologically active compounds for the diagnosis of various diseases. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934813040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Zhao L, Buxbaum JN, Reixach N. Age-related oxidative modifications of transthyretin modulate its amyloidogenicity. Biochemistry 2013; 52:1913-26. [PMID: 23414091 DOI: 10.1021/bi301313b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The transthyretin amyloidoses are diseases of protein misfolding characterized by the extracellular deposition of fibrils and other aggregates of the homotetrameric protein transthyretin (TTR) in peripheral nerves, heart, and other tissues. Age is the major risk factor for the development of these diseases. We hypothesized that an age-associated increase in the level of protein oxidation could be involved in the onset of the senile forms of the TTR amyloidoses. To test this hypothesis, we have produced and characterized relevant age-related oxidative modifications of the wild type (WT) and the Val122Ile (V122I) TTR variant, both involved in cardiac TTR deposition in the elderly. Our studies show that methionine/cysteine-oxidized TTR and carbonylated TTR from either the WT or the V122I variant are thermodynamically less stable than their nonoxidized counterparts. Moreover, carbonylated WT and carbonylated V122I TTR have a stronger propensity to form aggregates and fibrils than WT and V122I TTR, respectively, at physiologically attainable pH values. It is well-known that TTR tetramer dissociation, the limiting step for aggregation and amyloid fibril formation, can be prevented by small molecules that bind the TTR tetramer interface. Here, we report that carbonylated WT TTR is less amenable to resveratrol-mediated tetramer stabilization than WT TTR. All the oxidized forms of TTR tested are cytotoxic to a human cardiomyocyte cell line known to be a target for cardiac-specific TTR variants. Overall, these studies demonstrate that age-related oxidative modifications of TTR can contribute to the onset of the senile forms of the TTR amyloidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Colombo G, Clerici M, Giustarini D, Rossi R, Milzani A, Dalle-Donne I. Redox albuminomics: oxidized albumin in human diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:1515-27. [PMID: 22587567 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Albumin is the major contributor to colloid oncotic pressure and also serves as an important carrier protein of many endogenous and exogenous molecules throughout the body. In blood and extravascular fluids, albumin is susceptible to different oxidative modifications, especially thiol oxidation and carbonylation. Because of its metal-binding properties and the redox properties of its Cys34 thiol, albumin displays an important antioxidant activity. As albumin is the predominant protein in most body fluids, its Cys34 represents the largest fraction of free thiols within body fluids. RECENT ADVANCES Evidence that albumin oxidation takes place in vivo has been reported only recently. Different redox proteomic, mass spectrometric, and chromatographic techniques have shown albumin redox modifications in various human pathophysiological conditions. As a whole, most data here presented demonstrate that massive albumin oxidation occurs in vivo in different biological fluids and, to some extent, that this process is correlated to organ dysfunction. CRITICAL ISSUES Recent reports suggest that the albumin redox state may serve as a global biomarker for the redox state in the body in various human diseases. However, further study is required to elucidate the exact relationship between albumin oxidation and pathology. In addition, it is unknown if some albumin oxidized forms may also have diagnostic uses. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Application of specific redox proteomics techniques for the characterization of oxidized albumin forms in screening studies is required. A further challenge will be to analyze how these oxidative albumin modifications are related to real impact to the body.
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Bachi A, Dalle-Donne I, Scaloni A. Redox Proteomics: Chemical Principles, Methodological Approaches and Biological/Biomedical Promises. Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300073p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bachi
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy
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Comparative proteomic analysis of plasma from major depressive patients: identification of proteins associated with lipid metabolism and immunoregulation. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 15:1413-25. [PMID: 22717272 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a common neuropsychiatric disorder contributing to several socio-economic burdens including disability and suicide. As the underlying pathophysiology of major depressive disorder remains unclear, no objective test is yet available for aiding diagnosis or monitoring disease progression. To contribute to a better understanding of its pathogenesis, a comparative proteomic study was performed to identify proteins differentially expressed in plasma samples obtained from first-onset, treatment-naive depressed patients as compared to healthy controls. Samples from the two groups were immunodepleted of seven high-abundance proteins, labelled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and then analysed by multi-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The proteomic results were further validated by immunoblotting or enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assays and analysed with the MetaCore database. The results demonstrate that the functions of the altered proteins are primarily involved in lipid metabolism and immunoregulation. These findings suggest that early perturbation of lipid metabolism and immunoregulation may be involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder.
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Gonzalo H, Brieva L, Tatzber F, Jové M, Cacabelos D, Cassanyé A, Lanau-Angulo L, Boada J, Serrano JCE, González C, Hernández L, Peralta S, Pamplona R, Portero-Otin M. Lipidome analysis in multiple sclerosis reveals protein lipoxidative damage as a potential pathogenic mechanism. J Neurochem 2012; 123:622-34. [PMID: 22924648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07934.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomic and lipidomic analyses have been used for the profiling of neurodegenerative processes, both in targeted and untargeted approaches. In this work we have applied these techniques to the study of CSF samples of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (n = 9), compared with samples of non-MS individuals (n = 9) using mass-spectrometry. We have used western-blot and analyzed cell culture to confirm pathogenic pathways suggested by mass-spectrometric measurements. The results of the untargeted approach of metabolomics and lipidomics suggest the existence of several metabolites and lipids discriminating both populations. Applying targeted lipidomic analyses focused to a pathogenic pathway in MS, oxidative stress, reveal that the lipid peroxidation marker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α is increased in CSF from MS patients. Furthermore, as lipid peroxidation exerts its pathogenical effects through protein modification, we studied the incidence of protein lipoxidation, revealing specific increases in carboxymethylated, neuroketal and malondialdehyde-mediated protein modifications in proteins of CSF from MS patients, despite the absence of their precursors glyoxal and methylglyoxal. Finally, we report that the level of neuroketal-modified proteins correlated with a hitherto unknown increased amount of autoantibodies against lipid peroxidation-modified proteins in CSF, without compensation by signaling induced by lipid peroxidation via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). The results, despite the limitation of being obtained in a small population, strongly suggest that autoimmunity against in situ produced epitopes derived from lipid peroxidation can be a relevant pathogenic factor in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Gonzalo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, PCiTAL-Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
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Chang KH, Chuang TJ, Lyu RK, Ro LS, Wu YR, Chang HS, Huang CC, Kuo HC, Hsu WC, Chu CC, Chen CM. Identification of gene networks and pathways associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29506. [PMID: 22253732 PMCID: PMC3254618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying change of gene network expression of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) remains elusive. We sought to identify GBS-associated gene networks and signaling pathways by analyzing the transcriptional profile of leukocytes in the patients with GBS. METHODS AND FINDINGS Quantitative global gene expression microarray analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes was performed on 7 patients with GBS and 7 healthy controls. Gene expression profiles were compared between patients and controls after standardization. The set of genes that significantly correlated with GBS was further analyzed by Ingenuity Pathways Analyses. 256 genes and 18 gene networks were significantly associated with GBS (fold change ≥2, P<0.05). FOS, PTGS2, HMGB2 and MMP9 are the top four of 246 significantly up-regulated genes. The most significant disease and altered biological function genes associated with GBS were those involved in inflammatory response, infectious disease, and respiratory disease. Cell death, cellular development and cellular movement were the top significant molecular and cellular functions involved in GBS. Hematological system development and function, immune cell trafficking and organismal survival were the most significant GBS-associated function in physiological development and system category. Several hub genes, such as MMP9, PTGS2 and CREB1 were identified in the associated gene networks. Canonical pathway analysis showed that GnRH, corticotrophin-releasing hormone and ERK/MAPK signaling were the most significant pathways in the up-regulated gene set in GBS. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the gene networks and canonical pathways associated with GBS. These data provide not only networks between the genes for understanding the pathogenic properties of GBS but also map significant pathways for the future development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzi-Jung Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Rong-Kuo Lyu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Long-Sun Ro
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hong-Shiu Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Chang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Chou Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chuin Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Che Chu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Banci L, Bertini I, Ciofi-Baffoni S, D'Alessandro A, Jaiswal D, Marzano V, Neri S, Ronci M, Urbani A. Copper exposure effects on yeast mitochondrial proteome. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2522-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kataria J, Rukmangadachar LA, Hariprasad G, O J, Tripathi M, Srinivasan A. Two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in tuberculous meningitis patients. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2194-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Smolders J, Moen SM, Damoiseaux J, Huitinga I, Holmøy T. Vitamin D in the healthy and inflamed central nervous system: access and function. J Neurol Sci 2011; 311:37-43. [PMID: 21862439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High exposure to vitamin D may protect against development and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), possibly through the immunomodulatory properties of its biologically active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. So far, most studies on the possible mechanisms for vitamin D involvement in MS have focused on immune modulation outside the central nervous system (CNS). However, vitamin D may also interfere with the pathophysiology of MS within the CNS. In this review, the potential presence and functions of vitamin D in the inflamed and healthy CNS are explored. We discuss that vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein (DBP), the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and enzymes needed for metabolism (CYP27B1) are present in the CNS. Both VDR and CYP27B1 are expressed on a variety of cells, including neurons, glial cells, and invading lymphocytes. Additionally, vitamin D has been postulated to play a modulating role in several key-processes in MS pathophysiology, including inflammation, demyelination, axonal damage, and remyelination. We conclude that a local role of vitamin D in the inflamed CNS is likely and potentially relevant to MS. Future studies should further characterize the impact of vitamin D on the local disease process of MS in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Smolders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, and School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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