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Pradier B, Segelcke D, Reichl S, Zahn PK, Pogatzki-Zahn EM. Spinal GABA transporter 1 contributes to evoked-pain related behavior but not resting pain after incision injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1282151. [PMID: 38130683 PMCID: PMC10734427 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1282151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory function of GABA at the spinal level and its central modulation in the brain are essential for pain perception. However, in post-surgical pain, the exact mechanism and modes of action of GABAergic transmission have been poorly studied. This work aimed to investigate GABA synthesis and uptake in the incisional pain model in a time-dependent manner. Here, we combined assays for mechanical and heat stimuli-induced withdrawal reflexes with video-based assessments and assays for non-evoked (NEP, guarding of affected hind paw) and movement-evoked (MEP, gait pattern) pain-related behaviors in a plantar incision model in male rats to phenotype the effects of the inhibition of the GABA transporter (GAT-1), using a specific antagonist (NO711). Further, we determined the expression profile of spinal dorsal horn GAT-1 and glutamate decarboxylase 65/67 (GAD65/67) by protein expression analyses at four time points post-incision. Four hours after incision, we detected an evoked pain phenotype (mechanical, heat and movement), which transiently ameliorated dose-dependently following spinal inhibition of GAT-1. However, the NEP-phenotype was not affected. Four hours after incision, GAT-1 expression was significantly increased, whereas GAD67 expression was significantly reduced. Our data suggest that GAT-1 plays a role in balancing spinal GABAergic signaling in the spinal dorsal horn shortly after incision, resulting in the evoked pain phenotype. Increased GAT-1 expression leads to increased GABA uptake from the synaptic cleft and reduces tonic GABAergic inhibition at the post-synapse. Inhibition of GAT-1 transiently reversed this imbalance and ameliorated the evoked pain phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pradier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Operative Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Daniel Segelcke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Operative Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sylvia Reichl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Operative Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - P. K. Zahn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - E. M. Pogatzki-Zahn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Operative Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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2
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Oyama M, Watanabe S, Iwai T, Tanabe M. Distinct synaptic mechanisms underlying the analgesic effects of γ-aminobutyric acid transporter subtypes 1 and 3 inhibitors in the spinal dorsal horn. Pain 2022; 163:334-349. [PMID: 33990107 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Normalization of the excitatory and inhibitory balance by increasing the levels of endogenous inhibitory neurotransmitters by blocking their reuptake is a promising therapeutic strategy for relieving chronic pain. Pharmacological blockade of spinal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter subtypes 1 and 3 (GAT1 and GAT3) has been reported to generate analgesic effects in animal models of neuropathic pain. Here, we explored the synaptic mechanisms underlying their analgesic effects in the spinal dorsal horn. Whole-cell recordings were made from dorsal horn neurons in spinal slices with attached dorsal roots from adult mice, and the effects of GAT inhibitors on miniature and evoked postsynaptic currents were examined. Behaviorally, GAT inhibitors were intrathecally applied to assess their effects on mechanical hypersensitivity in mice developing neuropathic pain after partial sciatic nerve ligation. The GAT1 inhibitor NNC-711 reduced the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and the amplitude of C-fiber-mediated EPSCs, and the GAT3 inhibitor SNAP-5114 reduced the amplitude of A-fiber-mediated and C-fiber-mediated EPSCs. These effects were antagonized by the GABAB receptor antagonist CGP55845. Consistently, the analgesic effect of intrathecally injected NNC-711 and SNAP-5114 in mice developing mechanical hypersensitivity after partial sciatic nerve ligation was abolished by CGP55845. Thus, GAT1 and GAT3 inhibitors exert distinct GABAB receptor-mediated inhibitory effects on excitatory synaptic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn, which most likely contributes to their analgesic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Oyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Watanabe
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwai
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Tanabe
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Gryzło B, Zaręba P, Malawska K, Mazur G, Rapacz A, Ła̧tka K, Höfner GC, Latacz G, Bajda M, Sałat K, Wanner KT, Malawska B, Kulig K. Novel Functionalized Amino Acids as Inhibitors of GABA Transporters with Analgesic Activity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3073-3100. [PMID: 34347423 PMCID: PMC8397297 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
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Neuropathic pain
resistance to pharmacotherapy has encouraged researchers
to develop effective therapies for its treatment. γ-Aminobutyric
acid (GABA) transporters 1 and 4 (mGAT1 and mGAT4) have been increasingly
recognized as promising drug targets for neuropathic pain (NP) associated
with imbalances in inhibitory neurotransmission. In this context,
we designed and synthesized new functionalized amino acids as inhibitors
of GABA uptake and assessed their activities toward all four mouse
GAT subtypes (mGAT1–4). According to the obtained results,
compounds 2RS,4RS-39c (pIC50 (mGAT4) = 5.36), 50a (pIC50 (mGAT2) = 5.43), and 56a (with moderate subtype selectivity
that favored mGAT4, pIC50 (mGAT4) = 5.04) were of particular
interest and were therefore evaluated for their cytotoxic and hepatotoxic
effects. In a set of in vivo experiments, both compounds 50a and 56a showed antinociceptive properties
in three rodent models of NP, namely, chemotherapy-induced neuropathic
pain models (the oxaliplatin model and the paclitaxel model) and the
diabetic neuropathic pain model induced by streptozotocin; however
compound 56a demonstrated predominant activity. Since
impaired motor coordination is also observed in neuropathic pain conditions,
we have pointed out that none of the test compounds induced motor
deficits in the rotarod test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Gryzło
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paula Zaręba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malawska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriela Mazur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Rapacz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Ła̧tka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Georg C. Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Bajda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaus T. Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kulig
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Zaręba P, Gryzło B, Malawska K, Sałat K, Höfner GC, Nowaczyk A, Fijałkowski Ł, Rapacz A, Podkowa A, Furgała A, Żmudzki P, Wanner KT, Malawska B, Kulig K. Novel mouse GABA uptake inhibitors with enhanced inhibitory activity toward mGAT3/4 and their effect on pain threshold in mice. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 188:111920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ge MM, Chen SP, Zhou YQ, Li Z, Tian XB, Gao F, Manyande A, Tian YK, Yang H. The therapeutic potential of GABA in neuron-glia interactions of cancer-induced bone pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 858:172475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Masocha W, Parvathy SS. Preventative and therapeutic effects of a GABA transporter 1 inhibitor administered systemically in a mouse model of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2798. [PMID: 27994987 PMCID: PMC5162398 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a dearth of drugs to manage a dose-limiting painful peripheral neuropathy induced by paclitaxel in some patients during the treatment of cancer. Gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter-1 (GAT-1) whose expression is increased in the brain and spinal cord during paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain (PINP) might be a potential therapeutic target for managing PINP. Thus, our aim was to evaluate if systemic administration of a GAT-1 inhibitor ameliorates PINP. METHODS The reaction latency to thermal stimuli (hot plate test; at 55 °C) and cold stimuli (cold plate test; at 4 °C) of female BALB/c mice was recorded before and after intraperitoneal treatment with paclitaxel, its vehicle, and/or a selective GAT-1 inhibitor NO-711. The effects of NO-711 on motor coordination were evaluated using the rotarod test at a constant speed of 4 rpm or accelerating mode from 4 rpm to 40 rpm over 5 min. RESULTS The coadministration of paclitaxel with NO-711 3 mg/kg prevented the development of paclitaxel-induced thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia at day 7 after drug treatment. NO-711 at 3 mg/kg produced antihyperalgesic activity up to 1 h and antiallodynic activity up to 2 h in mice with established paclitaxel-induced thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia. No motor deficits were observed with NO-711 at a dose of 3 mg/kg, whereas a higher dose 5 mg/kg caused motor impairment and reduced mean time spent on the rotarod at a constant speed of 4 rpm. However, at a rotarod accelerating mode from 4 rpm to 40 rpm over 5 min, NO-711 3 mg/kg caused motor impairment up to 1 h, but had recovered by 2 h. CONCLUSIONS These results show that systemic administration of the GAT-1 inhibitor NO-711 has preventative and therapeutic activity against paclitaxel-induced thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia. NO-711's antiallodynic effects, but not antihyperalgesic effects, were independent of its motor impairment/sedation properties. Thus, low doses of GAT-1 inhibitors could be useful for the prevention and treatment of PINP with proper dose titration to reduce motor impairment/sedation side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willias Masocha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University , Safat , Kuwait
| | - Subramanian S Parvathy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University , Safat , Kuwait
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7
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Expression of spinal cord GABA transporter 1 in morphine-tolerant male Wistar rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 767:77-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yadav R, Yan X, Maixner DW, Gao M, Weng HR. Blocking the GABA transporter GAT-1 ameliorates spinal GABAergic disinhibition and neuropathic pain induced by paclitaxel. J Neurochem 2015; 133:857-69. [PMID: 25827582 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used for treating carcinomas. Patients receiving paclitaxel often develop neuropathic pain and have a reduced quality of life which hinders the use of this life-saving drug. In this study, we determined the role of GABA transporters in the genesis of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain using behavioral tests, electrophysiology, and biochemical techniques. We found that tonic GABA receptor activities in the spinal dorsal horn were reduced in rats with neuropathic pain induced by paclitaxel. In normal controls, tonic GABA receptor activities were mainly controlled by the GABA transporter GAT-1 but not GAT-3. In the spinal dorsal horn, GAT-1 was expressed at presynaptic terminals and astrocytes while GAT-3 was only expressed in astrocytes. In rats with paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain, the protein expression of GAT-1 was increased while GAT-3 was decreased. This was concurrently associated with an increase in global GABA uptake. The paclitaxel-induced attenuation of GABAergic tonic inhibition was ameliorated by blocking GAT-1 but not GAT-3 transporters. Paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain was significantly attenuated by the intrathecal injection of a GAT-1 inhibitor. These findings suggest that targeting GAT-1 transporters for reversing disinhibition in the spinal dorsal horn may be a useful approach for treating paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. Patients receiving paclitaxel for cancer therapy often develop neuropathic pain and have a reduced quality of life. In this study, we demonstrated that animals treated with paclitaxel develop neuropathic pain, have enhancements of GABA transporter-1 protein expression and global GABA uptake, as well as suppression of GABAergic tonic inhibition in the spinal dorsal horn. Pharmacological inhibition of GABA transporter-1 ameliorates the paclitaxel-induced suppression of GABAergic tonic inhibition and neuropathic pain. Thus, targeting GAT-1 transporters for reversing GABAergic disinhibition in the spinal dorsal horn could be a useful approach for treating paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Xisheng Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Third Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dylan W Maixner
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Mei Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Han-Rong Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Kowalczyk P, Sałat K, Höfner GC, Mucha M, Rapacz A, Podkowa A, Filipek B, Wanner KT, Kulig K. Synthesis, biological evaluation and structure–activity relationship of new GABA uptake inhibitors, derivatives of 4-aminobutanamides. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 83:256-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Jinzenji A, Sogawa C, Miyawaki T, Wen XF, Yi D, Ohyama K, Kitayama S, Sogawa N, Morita K. Antiallodynic action of 1-(3-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)-1-propyl)-4-(2-methyoxyphenyl)-4-piperidinol (NNC05-2090), a betaine/GABA transporter inhibitor. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 125:217-26. [PMID: 24881960 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13146fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The GABAergic system in the spinal cord has been shown to participate in neuropathic pain in various animal models. GABA transporters (GATs) play a role in controlling the synaptic clearance of GABA; however, their role in neuropathic pain remains unclear. In the present study, we compared the betaine/GABA transporter (BGT-1) with other GAT subtypes to determine its participation in neuropathic pain using a mouse model of sciatic nerve ligation. 1-(3-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)-1-propyl)-4-(2-methyoxyphenyl)-4-piperidinol (NNC05-2090), an inhibitor that displays moderate selectivity for BGT-1, had an antiallodynic action on model mice treated through both intrathecally and intravenous administration routes. On the other hand, SKF89976A, a selective GAT-1 inhibitor, had a weak antiallodynic action, and (S)-SNAP5114, an inhibitor that displays selectivity for GAT-3, had no antiallodynic action. Systemic analysis of these compounds on GABA uptake in CHO cells stably expressing BGT-1 revealed that NNC05-2090 not only inhibited BGT-1, but also serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine transporters, using a substrate uptake assay in CHO cells stably expressing each transporter, with IC50: 5.29, 7.91, and 4.08 μM, respectively. These values were similar to the IC50 value at BGT-1 (10.6 μM). These results suggest that the antiallodynic action of NNC05-2090 is due to the inhibition of both BGT-1 and monoamine transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Jinzenji
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology and Special Care Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
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Kataoka K, Hara K, Haranishi Y, Terada T, Sata T. The antinociceptive effect of SNAP5114, a gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter-3 inhibitor, in rat experimental pain models. Anesth Analg 2013; 116:1162-1169. [PMID: 23456665 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318282dda7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. GABAergic transmission has an important role in regulating nociception at the spinal dorsal horn. It is terminated by rapid uptake of the neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft into neurons and glial cells, via specific GABA transporters (GATs). Among the 4 GATs, GAT-3 has the greatest expression in central nervous system regions closely associated with nociceptive transmission, including the spinal cord. In this study, we examined the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal administration of a selective GAT-3 inhibitor, SNAP5114, on acute, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain in experimental models. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to assess thermal, mechanical, and chemical nociception in the tail flick and hotplate tests, the paw pressure test, and the formalin test. A rotarod test was performed to assess motor function. Chronic constriction injury to the sciatic nerve was induced in the rats. The electronic von Frey test and the plantar test were then performed to assess mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. SNAP5114 (10, 50, 100, or 200 μg) was administered intrathecally to examine antinociceptive activity. To confirm whether the action of SNAP5114 was mediated by GABAergic transmission, the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline (0.3 μg) or the GABAB receptor antagonist CGP35348 (30 μg) was administered intrathecally before 200 μg of SNAP5114 in the tail flick test, the formalin test, and the electronic von Frey test. RESULTS Spinally applied SNAP5114 in normal rats dose-dependently prolonged withdrawal latencies in the tail flick test and suppressed the late-phase response in the formalin test. SNAP5114 did not affect motor performance. In the chronic constriction injury rats, SNAP5114 inhibited mechanical allodynia dose-dependently. The antinociceptive action of SNAP5114 was partially reversed by bicuculline or CGP35348 at doses at which the antagonist alone did not affect baseline behavioral responses. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that SNAP5114 exerts antinociceptive effects by activating GABAA and GABAB receptors in the spinal cord. The GAT-3 inhibitor may prove useful in treatment of various painful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Kataoka
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
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