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Wang M, Yoon G, Song J, Jo J. Exendin-4 improves long-term potentiation and neuronal dendritic growth in vivo and in vitro obesity condition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8326. [PMID: 33859286 PMCID: PMC8050263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, which increases the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes has emerged as a significant issue worldwide. Recent studies have highlighted the relationship between metabolic imbalance and neurological pathologies such as memory loss. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secreted from gut L-cells and specific brain nuclei plays multiple roles including regulation of insulin sensitivity, inflammation and synaptic plasticity. Although GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor agonists appear to have neuroprotective function, the specific mechanism of their action in brain remains unclear. We investigated whether exendin-4, as a GLP-1RA, improves cognitive function and brain insulin resistance in metabolic-imbalanced mice fed a high-fat diet. Considering the result of electrophysiological experiments, exendin-4 inhibits the reduction of long term potentiation (LTP) in high fat diet mouse brain. Further, we identified the neuroprotective effect of exendin-4 in primary cultured hippocampal and cortical neurons in in vitro metabolic imbalanced condition. Our results showed the improvement of IRS-1 phosphorylation, neuronal complexity, and the mature of dendritic spine shape by exendin-4 treatment in metabolic imbalanced in vitro condition. Here, we provides significant evidences on the effect of exendin-4 on synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation, and neural structure. We suggest that GLP-1 is important to treat neuropathology caused by metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, 264 seoyangro, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangho Yoon
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, 264 seoyangro, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, 264 seoyangro, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihoon Jo
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, 264 seoyangro, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea. .,NeuroMedical Convergence Lab, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Jebong-ro, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.
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Tu LL, Sun Q, Wei LL, Shi J, Li JP. Upregulation of GABA receptor promotes long-term potentiation and depotentiation in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2429-2436. [PMID: 31555354 PMCID: PMC6755275 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a long-term metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels, insulin resistance and a relative lack of insulin. A previous study has reported that an association exists between γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the hippocampus. The current study therefore aimed to assess the effect of the GABA receptor (GABA-R) on the long-term potentiation (LTP) and depotentiation of the hippocampal CA1 region in mice with T2DM. Mice were divided into four groups: A normal group consisting of healthy mice and a GABA-R, negative control and blank group all comprising T2DM mice. The weight and blood glucose level of all mice were measured and GABA-R mRNA and protein expression were detected. A hydroxyl free radical (OH-) kit was used to determine the hippocampal OH-content. Using an electrophysiological experiment, the population spike (PS) slope was observed every 5 min. The results revealed that as GABA-R levels increased, the weight, blood glucose level and OH− content of the T2DM mice significantly decreased, and the neuron microstructures in the mice hippocampal tissue improved. The PS slope also significantly increased and the level of depotentiation improved. The results of the current study support the theory that the upregulation of GABA-R protects the neuronal ultrastructure and promotes LTP and depotentiation in the hippocampal CA1 region by inhibiting the accumulation of OH− in T2DM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Tu
- Department of Geratology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Qin Sun
- Center of Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Wei
- Center of Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shi
- Center of Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Li
- Department of Geratology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
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Daulatzai MA. Neurotoxic Saboteurs: Straws that Break the Hippo’s (Hippocampus) Back Drive Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurotox Res 2013; 24:407-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-013-9407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Abstract
Chronic use of alcohol is considered to be a potential risk factor for the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which causes insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction that is a prerequisite for the development of diabetes. However, alcohol consumption in diabetes has been controversial and more detailed information on the diabetogenic impact of alcohol seems warranted. Diabetes, especially T2DM, causes dysregulation of various metabolic processes, which includes a defect in the insulin-mediated glucose function of adipocytes, and an impaired insulin action in the liver. In addition, neurobiological profiles of alcoholism are linked to the effects of a disruption of glucose homeostasis and of insulin resistance, which are affected by altered appetite that regulates the peptides and neurotrophic factors. Since conditions, which precede the onset of diabetes that are associated with alcoholism is one of the crucial public problems, researches in efforts to prevent and treat diabetes with alcohol dependence, receives special clinical interest. Therefore, the purpose of this mini-review is to provide the recent progress and current theories in the interplay between alcoholism and diabetes. Further, the purpose of this study also includes summarizing the pathophysiological mechanisms in the neurobiology of alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jeong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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