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Jeevithan L, Diao X, Hu J, Elango J, Wu W, Mate Sanchez de Val JE, Rajendran S, Sundaram T, Rajamani Sekar SK. Recent advancement of novel marine fungi derived secondary metabolite fibrinolytic compound FGFC in biomedical applications: a review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1422648. [PMID: 39359937 PMCID: PMC11445226 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1422648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
For several decades, products derived from marine natural sources (PMN) have been widely identified for several therapeutic applications due to their rich sources of bioactive sub-stances, unique chemical diversity, biocompatibility and excellent biological activity. For the past 15 years, our research team explored several PMNs, especially fungi fibrinolytic compounds (FGFCs). FGFC is an isoindolone alkaloid derived from marine fungi, also known as staplabin analogs or Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol (SMTP). For instance, our previous studies explored different types of FGFCs such as FGFC 1, 2, 3 and 4 from the marine fungi Stachybotrys longispora FG216 derived metabolites. The derivatives of FGFC are potentially employed in several disease treatments, mainly for stroke, cancer, ischemia, acute kidney injury, inflammation, cerebral infarction, thrombolysis and hemorrhagic activities, etc. Due to the increasing use of FGFCs in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, it is important to understand the fundamental signaling concept of FGFCs. Hence, for the first time, this review collectively summarizes the background, types, mode of action and biological applications of FGFCs and their current endeavors for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Jeevithan
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM-Universidad Catolica San-Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Xiaozhen Diao
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiudong Hu
- Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jeevithan Elango
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM-Universidad Catolica San-Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jose Eduardo Mate Sanchez de Val
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM-Universidad Catolica San-Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Thanigaivel Sundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Diao X, Han H, Sun H, Zhang H, Wu W. Protection of Tight Junctional Complexes between hCMEC/D3 Cells by Deep-Sea Fibrinolytic Compound FGFC1. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:341. [PMID: 39195457 DOI: 10.3390/md22080341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Tight junctional complexes (TJCs) between cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) are essential parts of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), whose regulation closely correlates to the BBB's integrity and function. hCMEC/D3 is the typical cell line used to imitate and investigate the barrier function of the BBB via the construction of an in vitro model. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of the deep-sea-derived fibrinolytic compound FGFC1 against H2O2-induced dysfunction of TJCs and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. The barrier function was shown to decline following exposure to 1 mM H2O2 in an in vitro model of hCMEC/D3 cells, with a decreasing temperature-corrected transendothelial electrical resistance (tcTEER) value. The decrease in the tcTEER value was significantly inhibited by 80 or 100 µM FGFC1, which suggested it efficiently protected the barrier integrity, allowing it to maintain its function against the H2O2-induced dysfunction. According to immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), compared to the H2O2-treated group, 80~100 µM FGFC1 enhanced the expression of claudin-5 (CLDN-5) and VE-cadherin (VE-cad). And this enhancement was indicated to be mainly achieved by both up-regulation of CLDN-5 and inhibition of the down-regulation by H2O2 of VE-cad at the transcriptional level. Supported by FGFC1's molecular docking to these proteins with reasonable binding energy, FGFC1 was proved to exert a positive effect on TJCs' barrier function in hCMEC/D3 cells via targeting CLDN-5 and VE-cad. This is the first report on the protection against H2O2-induced barrier dysfunction by FGFC1 in addition to its thrombolytic effect. With CLDN-5 and VE-cad as the potential target proteins of FGFC1, this study provides evidence at the cellular and molecular levels for FGFC1's reducing the risk of bleeding transformation following its application in thrombolytic therapy for cerebral thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Diao
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Putuo Sub-Center of International Joint Research Center for Marine Biological Sciences, Zhoushan 316100, China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Haixing Zhang
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai 201306, China
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Hsu YY, Hwang SW, Chen SJ, Alsberg E, Liu AP. Development of mechanosensitive synthetic cells for biomedical applications. SLAS Technol 2024; 29:100095. [PMID: 37385542 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to sense and respond to their physical environment plays a fundamental role in a broad spectrum of biological processes. As one of the most essential molecular force sensors and transducers found in cell membranes, mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels can convert mechanical inputs into biochemical or electrical signals to mediate a variety of sensations. The bottom-up construction of cell-sized compartments displaying cell-like organization, behaviors, and complexity, also known as synthetic cells, has gained popularity as an experimental platform to characterize biological functions in isolation. By reconstituting MS channels in the synthetic lipid bilayers, we envision using mechanosensitive synthetic cells for several medical applications. Here, we describe three different concepts for using ultrasound, shear stress, and compressive stress as mechanical stimuli to activate drug release from mechanosensitive synthetic cells for disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yu Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sung-Won Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Samuel J Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Departments of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Orthopaedic Surgery, and Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Allen P Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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4
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Terasaki M, Shibata K, Mori Y, Saito T, Matsui T, Ohara M, Fukui T, Hasumi K, Higashimoto Y, Nobe K, Yamagishi SI. SMTP-44D Inhibits Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation in Apolipoprotein-E Null Mice Partly by Suppressing the AGEs-RAGE Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076505. [PMID: 37047475 PMCID: PMC10094964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
SMTP-44D has been reported to have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory reactions, including reduced expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Although activation of RAGE with its ligands, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), play a crucial role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death in diabetic patients, it remains unclear whether SMTP-44D could inhibit experimental atherosclerosis by suppressing the AGEs–RAGE axis. In this study, we investigated the effects of SMTP-44D on atherosclerotic plaque formation and expression of AGEs in apolipoprotein-E null (Apoe−/−) mice. We further studied here whether and how SMTP-44D inhibited foam cell formation of macrophages isolated from Apoe−/− mice ex vivo. Although administration of SMTP-44D to Apoe−/− mice did not affect clinical or biochemical parameters, it significantly decreased the surface area of atherosclerotic lesions and reduced the atheromatous plaque size, macrophage infiltration, and AGEs accumulation in the aortic roots. SMTP-44D bound to immobilized RAGE and subsequently attenuated the interaction of AGEs with RAGE in vitro. Furthermore, foam cell formation evaluated by Dil-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) uptake, and gene expression of RAGE, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and CD36 in macrophages isolated from SMTP-44D-treated Apoe−/− mice were significantly decreased compared with those from saline-treated mice. Gene expression levels of RAGE and Cdk5 were highly correlated with each other, the latter of which was also positively associated with that of CD36. The present study suggests that SMTP-44D may inhibit atherosclerotic plaque formation in Apoe−/− mice partly by blocking the AGEs-RAGE-induced ox-LDL uptake into macrophages via the suppression of Cdk5-CD36 pathway.
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Tian XH, Hong LL, Jiao WH, Lin HW. Natural sesquiterpene quinone/quinols: chemistry, biological activity, and synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:718-749. [PMID: 36636914 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00045h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2010 to 2021Sesquiterpene quinone/quinols (SQs) are characterized by a C15-sesquiterpenoid unit incorporating a C6-benzoquinone/quinol moiety. Numerous unprecedented carbon skeletons have been constructed with various connection patterns between the two parts. The potent anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-viral, and fibrinolytic activities of SQs are associated with their diverse structures. The representative avarol has even entered the stage of clinical phase II research as an anti-HIV agent, and was developed as paramedic medicine against psoriasis. This review provides an overall summary of 558 new natural SQs discovered between 2010 and 2021, including seven groups and sixteen structure-type subgroups, which comprehensively recapitulates their chemical structures, spectral characteristics, source organisms, biological activities, synthesis, and biosynthesis, aiming to expand the application scope of this unique natural product resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hui Tian
- Marine Drugs Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Li Hong
- Marine Drugs Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China.
| | - Wei-Hua Jiao
- Marine Drugs Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China.
| | - Hou-Wen Lin
- Marine Drugs Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China.
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Moritoyo T, Nishimura N, Hasegawa K, Ishii S, Kirihara K, Takata M, Svensson AK, Umeda-Kameyama Y, Kawarasaki S, Ihara R, Sakanaka C, Wakabayashi Y, Niizuma K, Tominaga T, Yamazaki T, Hasumi K. A first-in-human study of the anti-inflammatory profibrinolytic TMS-007, an SMTP family triprenyl phenol. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 89:1809-1819. [PMID: 36562925 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS TMS-007, an SMTP family member, modulates plasminogen conformation and enhances plasminogen-fibrin binding, leading to promotion of endogenous fibrinolysis. Its anti-inflammatory action, mediated by soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition, may contribute to its efficacy. Evidence suggests that TMS-007 can effectively treat experimental thrombotic and embolic strokes with a wide time window, while reducing haemorrhagic transformation. We aim to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TMS-007 in healthy volunteers. METHODS This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind, dose-escalation study, administered as a single intravenous infusion of TMS-007 in cohorts of healthy male Japanese subjects. Six cohorts were planned, but only five were completed. In each cohort (n = 8), individuals were randomized to receive one of five doses of TMS-007 (3, 15, 60, 180 or 360 mg; n = 6) or placebo (n = 2). RESULTS TMS-007 was generally well tolerated, and no serious adverse events were attributed to the drug. A linear dose-dependency was observed for plasma TMS-007 levels. No symptoms of bleeding were observed on brain MRI analysis, and no bleeding-related responses were found on laboratory testing. The plasma levels of the coagulation factor fibrinogen and the anti-fibrinolysis factor α2 -antiplasmin levels were unchanged after TMS-007 dosing. A slight increase in the plasma level of plasmin-α2 -antiplasmin complex, an index of plasmin formation, was observed in the TMS-007 group in cohort 2. CONCLUSIONS TMS-007 is generally well tolerated and exhibits favourable pharmacokinetic profiles that warrant further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Moritoyo
- Clinical Research Support Center, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Nishimura
- Division of Research and Development, TMS Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Hasegawa
- Division of Research and Development, TMS Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Ishii
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kirihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Disability Services Office, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munenori Takata
- Clinical Research Support Center, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Kishi Svensson
- Clinical Research Support Center, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Umeda-Kameyama
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kawarasaki
- Clinical Research Support Center, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Ihara
- Unit for Early and Exploratory Clinical Department, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Sakanaka
- Clinical Research Support Center, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yurie Wakabayashi
- Clinical Research Support Center, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Niizuma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yamazaki
- Clinical Research Support Center, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- Division of Research and Development, TMS Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Iwama R, Sasano Y, Hiramatsu T, Otake S, Suzuki E, Hasumi K. Amine-Regulated pri-SMTP Oxidation in SMTP Biosynthesis in Stachybotrys: Possible Implication in Nitrogen Acquisition. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090975. [PMID: 36135700 PMCID: PMC9502257 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
SMTP (the name SMTP is derived from Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol) is a family of triprenyl phenol secondary metabolites from a black mold, Stachybotrys microspora. Some SMTP congeners exhibit anti-inflammatory and profibrinolytic activities that, in combination, contribute to the treatment of ischemic stroke. The final step in the SMTP biosynthesis is a non-enzymatic amine conjugation with an o-phthalaldehyde moiety of the precursor pre-SMTP, which can form adducts with proteins and nucleic acids. Thus, pre-SMTP formation should be a precisely regulated, rate-limiting step in the SMTP biosynthesis. To address the mechanism backing this regulation, we purified a metabolite that rapidly disappeared following amine feeding, identifying a novel compound, pri-SMTP. Furthermore, an enzyme, designated as pri-SMTP oxidase, responsible for pri-SMTP conversion to pre-SMTP, was purified. The formation of pri-SMTP, which is regulated by nitrogen and carbon nutrients, occurred in particular septate mycelia. Although pri-SMTP oxidase was expressed constitutively, the consumption of pri-SMTP was accelerated only when a primary amine was fed. Thus, SMTP biosynthesis is regulated by at least three mechanisms: (i) pri-SMTP formation affected by nutrients, (ii) the compartmentalization of pri-SMTP formation/storage, and (iii) amine-regulated pri-SMTP oxidation. Amine-regulated SMTP formation (i.e., amine-capturing with pre-SMTP) may play a role in the nitrogen acquisition/assimilation strategy in S. microspora, since pri-SMTP synthesis occurs on non-preferred nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Iwama
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yu Sasano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Taichi Hiramatsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shinya Otake
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Eriko Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Department of Research and Development, TMS Co., Fuchu, Tokyo 183-0055, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Hang S, Chen H, Wu W, Wang S, Fang Y, Sheng R, Tu Q, Guo R. Progress in Isoindolone Alkaloid Derivatives from Marine Microorganism: Pharmacology, Preparation, and Mechanism. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060405. [PMID: 35736208 PMCID: PMC9227046 DOI: 10.3390/md20060405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound 1 (SMTP-7, also FGFC1), an isoindolone alkaloid from marine fungi Starchbotrys longispora FG216 and fungi Stachybotrys microspora IFO 30018, possessed diverse bioactivities such as thrombolysis, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, and so on. It may be widely used for the treatment of various diseases, including cerebral infarction, stroke, ischemia/reperfusion damage, acute kidney injury, etc. Especially in cerebral infarction, compound 1 could reduce hemorrhagic transformation along with thrombolytic therapy, as the traditional therapies are accompanied with bleeding risks. In the latest studies, compound 1 selectively inhibited the growth of NSCLC cells with EGFR mutation, thus demonstrating its excellent anti-cancer activity. Herein, we summarized pharmacological activities, preparation of staplabin congeners—especially compound 1—and the mechanism of compound 1, with potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Hang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (S.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
| | - Wenhui Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (S.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Shiyi Wang
- AIEN Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
| | - Yiwen Fang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Ruilong Sheng
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal;
| | - Qidong Tu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- Correspondence: (Q.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Ruihua Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (S.H.); (W.W.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (Q.T.); (R.G.)
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Shinouchi R, Shibata K, Jono S, Hasumi K, Nobe K. SMTP-44D Exerts Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects through Its Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitory Action in Immortalized Mouse Schwann Cells upon High Glucose Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5187. [PMID: 35563575 PMCID: PMC9104197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. We have previously reported the efficacy of Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol-44D (SMTP-44D) for DN through its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of SMTP-44D remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the mechanism of these effects of SMTP-44D in regard to its inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in immortalized mouse Schwann cells (IMS32) following high glucose treatment. IMS32 cells were incubated in a high glucose medium for 48 h and then treated with SMTP-44D for 48 h. After incubation, the ratio of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), oxidative stress markers, such as NADPH oxidase-1 and malondialdehyde, inflammatory factors, such as the ratio of nuclear to cytosolic levels of NF-κB and the levels of IL-6, MCP-1, MMP-9, the receptor for the advanced glycation end product (RAGE), and apoptosis, were evaluated. SMTP-44D treatment considerably increased the ratio of EETs to DHETs and mitigated oxidative stress, inflammation, RAGE induction, and apoptosis after high glucose treatment. In conclusion, SMTP-44D can suppress the induction of apoptosis by exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, possibly through sEH inhibition. SMTP-44D can be a potential therapeutic agent against DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Shinouchi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Keita Shibata
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Shiori Jono
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Research and Development, TMS Co., Ltd., 1-23-3-501 Miyamachi, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-0023, Japan
| | - Koji Nobe
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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10
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Shibata K, Hashimoto T, Hasumi K, Nobe K. Potent efficacy of Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol-7, a small molecule having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, in a mouse model of acute kidney injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174496. [PMID: 34506776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) increases the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), complicates existing CKD, and can lead to the end-stage renal disease. However, there are no approved effective therapeutics for AKI. Recent studies have suggested that inflammation and oxidative stress are the primary causes of AKI. We previously reported the potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol-7 (SMTP-7). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of SMTP-7 in AKI model mice. AKI was induced in mice by ischemia of the left renal artery and vein for 45 min followed by reperfusion, 2 weeks after the removal of right kidney. The efficacy of SMTP-7 was determined by measuring the renal function using urine and serum samples and morphological assessment. For deciphering the mechanism of action of SMTP-7, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in kidney were detected. SMTP-7 (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 mg/kg) dose-dependently improved the renal function. In addition, it improved the damage to renal tubules and exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in the kidney of AKI mice. These results indicate the potential of SMTP-7 as a medicinal compound for the treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Shibata
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Terumasa Hashimoto
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Koji Nobe
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
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11
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Hasumi K, Suzuki E. Impact of SMTP Targeting Plasminogen and Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase on Thrombolysis, Inflammation, and Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:954. [PMID: 33477998 PMCID: PMC7835936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol (SMTP) is a large family of small molecules derived from the fungus S. microspora. SMTP acts as a zymogen modulator (specifically, plasminogen modulator) that alters plasminogen conformation to enhance its binding to fibrin and subsequent fibrinolysis. Certain SMTP congeners exert anti-inflammatory effects by targeting soluble epoxide hydrolase. SMTP congeners with both plasminogen modulation activity and anti-inflammatory activity ameliorate various aspects of ischemic stroke in rodents and primates. A remarkable feature of SMTP efficacy is the suppression of hemorrhagic transformation, which is exacerbated by conventional thrombolytic treatments. No drug with such properties has been developed yet, and SMTP would be the first to promote thrombolysis but suppress disease-associated bleeding. On the basis of these findings, one SMTP congener is under clinical study and development. This review summarizes the discovery, mechanism of action, pharmacological activities, and development of SMTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
- Division of Research and Development, TMS Co., Ltd., Tokyo 183-0023, Japan
| | - Eriko Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
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12
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Xu M, Wu R, Liang Y, Fu K, Zhou Y, Li X, Wu L, Wang Z. Protective effect and mechanism of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pills on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via blood-brain barrier and metabonomics. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110723. [PMID: 33152910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by the sudden rupture of cerebral blood vessels or vascular obstruction from brain tissue damage or dysfunction, thereby preventing blood flow into the brain. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI), a common syndrome of ischemic stroke, is a complex pathological process whose physiological mechanism is still unclear. Qishiwei Zhenzhu pills (QSW), a famous Tibetan medicine preparation, has the effect of tranquilizing by heavy settling, dredging channels and activating collaterals, harmonizing Qi and blood, restoring consciousness, and inducing resuscitation. Here, we investigated the protective effect of QSW on CI/RI in rats and its potential mechanism. First, the volatile and liposoluble components in QSW were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). After 24 h of CI/RI, the neuroprotective effect was determined by evaluating the neurological function, cerebral infarction, histopathology, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and western blot (WB) were used to detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), claudin-5, and occludin. Finally, GCMS metabonomics was used to identify different metabolites and analyze metabolic pathways. The results showed that 88 volatile components and 63 liposoluble components were detected in QSW. Following the experimental stroke operation, it was observed that rats administered QSW pretreatment had improved neurological function, reduced infarct volume (P < 0.01), increased Nissl bodies (P < 0.05), improved histopathology, and reduced BBB disruption. Immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and WB results showed that MMP-9 level in the brain tissue of the QSW pretreatment group had a decreasing trend and the expression of claudin-5 and occludin had a tendency to increase. Eleven metabolites related to lipid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and energy metabolism, were identified via GC-MS metabonomics. Our study shows that QSW preconditioning has a neuroprotective effect on CI/RI; however, its mechanism requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ruixia Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuan Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ke Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - You Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhang Wang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China.
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13
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Shibata K, Hashimoto T, Miyazaki T, Miyazaki A, Nobe K. Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Past and Future. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:242-250. [PMID: 30892155 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190319115018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thromboembolic ischemic stroke, which is mainly caused by hypertension, as well as plasma dyslipidemia, arterial fibrillation and diabetes, is a leading cause of death in the US and other countries. Numerous clinical trials for thrombolytic drugs, which aimed to pharmacologically dissolve thrombi, were conducted in the 1950s, when the first thrombolytic therapy was performed. METHODS In this study, we summarize the pathophysiologic features of ischemic stroke, and the history of thrombolytic therapy, and discuss the recent progress that has been made in the ongoing development of thrombolytic drugs. CONCLUSION Thrombolytic therapy is sometimes accompanied by harmful hemorrhagic insults; accordingly, a window of time wherein therapy can safely be performed has been established for this approach. Several basic and clinical studies are ongoing to develop next-generation thrombolytic drugs to expand the time window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Shibata
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Terumasa Hashimoto
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takuro Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawaku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawaku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Koji Nobe
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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14
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Abstract
This review highlights the progress on the isolation, bioactivity, biogenesis and total synthesis of dimeric sesquiterpenoids since 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie-Feng Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yi-Li Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wei-Guang Shan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Zha-Jun Zhan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
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15
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Suzuki E, Nishimura N, Yoshikawa T, Kunikiyo Y, Hasegawa K, Hasumi K. Efficacy of SMTP-7, a small-molecule anti-inflammatory thrombolytic, in embolic stroke in monkeys. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 6:e00448. [PMID: 30546909 PMCID: PMC6282002 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SMTP-7 (Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol-7) is a small molecule that promotes thrombolysis and suppresses inflammation possibly through plasminogen modulation and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition, respectively. Here, we demonstrate an efficacy of SMTP-7 in a severe embolic stroke model in monkeys. The middle cerebral artery was embolized by an autologous blood clot. Saline, SMTP-7, or tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) (n = 5 in each group) was given after 3 hours, and neurologic deficit scoring and infarct characterization were performed after 24 hours. Hemorrhagic infarct-accompanied premature death was observed for two animals in t-PA group. SMTP-7 treatment significantly reduced the sizes of infarct by 65%, edema by 37%, and clot by 55% compared to saline treatment. Plasma levels of the products of plasminogen activation (plasmin-α2-antiplasmin complex) and sEH reaction (dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid) in SMTP-7 group were 794% (P < 0.05) and 60% (P = 0.085) compared to saline group, respectively. No significant changes in the plasma levels of MMP-9, CRP, MCP-1, and S100B were found. There was an inverse correlation between plasmin-α2-antiplasmin complex level and infarct volume (r = 0.93, P < 0.05), suggesting a role of thrombolysis in the SMTP-7 action to limit infarct development. In conclusion, SMTP-7 is effective in treating severe embolic stroke in monkeys under conditions where t-PA treatment tends to cause hemorrhagic infarct-associated premature death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceTokyo Noko University (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology)TokyoJapan
| | | | | | - Yudai Kunikiyo
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceTokyo Noko University (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology)TokyoJapan
| | - Keiko Hasegawa
- Division of Research and DevelopmentTMS Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceTokyo Noko University (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology)TokyoJapan
- Division of Research and DevelopmentTMS Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
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16
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Shi X, Ohta Y, Shang J, Morihara R, Nakano Y, Fukui Y, Liu X, Feng T, Huang Y, Sato K, Takemoto M, Hishikawa N, Yamashita T, Suzuki E, Hasumi K, Abe K. Neuroprotective effects of SMTP-44D in mice stroke model in relation to neurovascular unit and trophic coupling. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1887-1899. [PMID: 30242877 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol (SMTP)-44D has both anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, but its efficacy has not been proved in relation to the pathological changes of neurovascular unit (NVU) and neurovascular trophic coupling (NVTC) in ischemic stroke. Here, the present study was designed to assess the efficacies of SMTP-44D, moreover, compared with the standard neuroprotective reagent edaravone in ischemic brains. ICR mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 60 min, SMTP-44D (10 mg/kg) or edaravone (3 mg/kg) was intravenously administrated through subclavian vein just after the reperfusion, and these mice were examined at 1, 3, and 7 d after reperfusion. Compared with the vehicle group, SMTP-44D treatment revealed obvious ameliorations in clinical scores and infarct volume, meanwhile, markedly suppressed the accumulations of 4-HNE, 8-OHdG, nitrotyrosine, RAGE, TNF-α, Iba-1, and cleaved caspase-3 after tMCAO. In addition, SMTP-44D significantly prevented the dissociation of NVU and improved the intensity of NAGO/BDNF and the number of BDNF/TrkB and BDNF/NeuN double positive cells. These effects of SMTP-44D in reducing oxidative and inflammatory stresses were similar to or stronger than those of edaravone. The present study demonstrated that SMTP-44D showed strong anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, moreover, the drug also significantly improved the NVU damage and NVTC in the ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Shi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohta
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jingwei Shang
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryuta Morihara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fukui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tian Feng
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mami Takemoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Eriko Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo Noko University, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo Noko University, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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17
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Kuroda Y, Hasegawa K, Noguchi K, Chiba K, Hasumi K, Kitano Y. Confirmation of the absolute configuration of Stachybotrin C using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of its 4-bromobenzyl ether derivative. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2018; 71:584-591. [PMID: 29555967 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-018-0042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The absolute configuration of Stachybotrin C was confirmed in this study. After synthesizing the dimethyl ethers of Stachybotrin C, the C-8 epimer was analyzed by 1D NOESY. However, the stereochemistry determination was difficult through the NOE correlations. Instead, the di(4-bromobenzyl) ether of Stachybotrin C was derived and used for X-ray diffraction analysis, because its single crystal was easier to obtain than that of the original Stachybotrin C. The stereochemistry of Stachybotrin C was determined to be (8S, 9R). This derivatization approach may also be used to prepare single crystals of the analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kuroda
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Keiko Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Keiichi Noguchi
- Instrumentation Analysis Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kitano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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18
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Shibata K, Hashimoto T, Hasumi K, Honda K, Nobe K. Evaluation of the effects of a new series of SMTPs in the acetic acid-induced embolic cerebral infarct mouse model. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 818:221-227. [PMID: 29107671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol-7 (SMTP-7) showed potential thrombolytic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects that account for its excellent pharmacological activity such as having a wider therapeutic time window than tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and a significant protection against hemorrhage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effect of a new series of SMTPs in the acetic acid-induced embolic cerebral infarct mouse model. Thrombotic occlusion was produced in mice by inducing the transfer of acetic acid-induced thrombi from the right common carotid artery into the brain. SMTPs were evaluated by their effect on reducing infarct area, neurological score and edema. Furthermore, plasmin formation, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities were assessed by fibrin zymography, measuring pro-inflammatory gene expression, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay, respectively. Treatment with either SMTP-22 or SMTP-43 (10mg/kg), which have similar plasmin formation, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities to SMTP-7, resulted in reduced infarct area, neurological score and edema. Coexistence of all these three activities appears to be important for the treatment of embolic infarction because SMTP-6, SMTP-25, and SMTP-44D (10mg/kg), which are each missing at least one of the three functions, were not as effective. Therefore, these results indicate that SMTP-22 and SMTP-43 have potential as medicinal compounds for the treatment of embolic cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Shibata
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Terumasa Hashimoto
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuo Honda
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Koji Nobe
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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19
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Structure-activity relationships of the plasminogen modulator SMTP with respect to the inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2015; 68:685-90. [PMID: 25966853 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2015.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A family of fungal metabolites, SMTP, is a small-molecule plasminogen modulator that enhances plasminogen activation, leading to thrombolysis. We recently demonstrated that SMTP-7 effectively treats ischemic stroke due to its thrombolytic activity as well as anti-inflammatory action, which is attributable to soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition. In this paper, we studied detailed structure-activity relationships of plasminogen modulation and sEH inhibition using 25 SMTP congeners including six newly synthesized ones. The results clearly demonstrate that the structure of the N-linked side chain of SMTP congeners markedly affect their activities toward plasminogen modulation and inhibitions of the two activities of sEH (C-terminal epoxide hydrolase and N-terminal phosphatase). A slight change in the N-linked side chain results in affording selectivity of SMTP congeners. Many congeners, which lacked plasminogen modulation activity, differently inhibited the two sEH activities depending on the structures of the N-linked side chain. Some congeners were active in plasminogen modulation and inhibition of both activities of sEH. These results help comprehensive understanding of ideal design of a drug useful for ischemic diseases that are associated with inflammation, such as stroke.
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20
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Bexarotene reduces blood-brain barrier permeability in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122744. [PMID: 25844636 PMCID: PMC4386818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) over-expression disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the ischemic brain. The retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene suppresses MMP-9 expression in endothelial cells and displays neuroprotective effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that bexarotene may have a beneficial effect on I/R-induced BBB dysfunction. METHODS A total of 180 rats were randomized into three groups (n = 60 each): (i) a sham-operation group, (ii) a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group, and (iii) an I/R+bexarotene group. Brain water content was measured by the dry wet weight method. BBB permeability was analyzed by Evans Blue staining and the magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent Omniscan. MMP-9 mRNA expression, protein expression, and activity were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and gelatin zymography, respectively. Apolipoprotein E (apoE), claudin-5, and occludin expression were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS After 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h post-I/R, several effects were observed with bexarotene administration: (i) brain water content and BBB permeability were significantly reduced; (ii) MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression as well as activity were significantly decreased; (iii) claudin-5 and occludin expression were significantly increased; and (iv) apoE expression was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS Bexarotene decreases BBB permeability in rats with cerebral I/R injury. This effect may be due in part to bexarotene's upregulation of apoE expression, which has been previously shown to reduce BBB permeability through suppressing MMP-9-mediated degradation of the tight junction proteins claudin-5 and occludin. This work offers insight to aid future development of therapeutic agents for cerebral I/R injury in human patients.
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21
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Wei X, Wan X, Zhao B, Hou J, Liu M, Cheng B. Propofol inhibits inflammation and lipid peroxidation following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rabbits. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:837-41. [PMID: 25737711 PMCID: PMC4342711 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study established a rabbit model of global cerebral ischemia using the ‘six-vessel’ method, which was reperfused after 30 minutes of ischemia. Rabbits received intravenous injection of propofol at 5 mg/kg prior to ischemia and 20 mg/kg per hour after ischemia until samples were prepared. Results revealed that propofol inhibited serum interleukin-8, endothelin-1 and malondialdehyde increases and promoted plasma superoxide dismutase activity after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. In addition, cerebral cortex edema was attenuated with little neuronal nuclear degeneration and pyknosis with propofol treatment. The cross-sectional area of neuronal nuclei was, however, increased following propofol treatment. These findings suggested that propofol could improve anti-oxidant activity and inhibit synthesis of inflammatory factors to exert a protective effect on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xing Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiabao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bangchang Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
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22
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Protective actions of PJ34, a poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitor, on the blood-brain barrier after traumatic brain injury in mice. Neuroscience 2015; 291:26-36. [PMID: 25668593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is activated by oxidative stress and plays an important role in traumatic brain injury (TBI). The objective of this study was to investigate whether PARP activation participated in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and edema formation in a mouse model of controlled cortical impact (CCI). N-(6-oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide (PJ34) (10 mg/kg), a selective PARP inhibitor, was administered intraperitoneally at 5 min and 8 h after experimental CCI. After 6 h and 24 h of CCI, the permeability of the cortical BBB was determined after Evans Blue administration. The water content of the brain was also measured. Treatment with PJ34 markedly attenuated the permeability of the BBB and decreased the brain edema at 6 h and 24 h after CCI. Our data showed the up-regulation of nuclear factor-κB in cytosolic fractions and nuclear fractions in the injured cortex, and these changes were reversed by PJ34. Moreover, PJ34 significantly lessened the activities of myeloperoxidase and the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9, enhanced the levels of occludin, laminin, collagen IV and integrin β1, reduced neurological deficits, decreased the contusion volume, and attenuated the necrotic and apoptotic neuronal cell death. These data suggest the protective effects of PJ34 on BBB integrity and cell death during acute TBI.
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Abstract
To date approximately 100 000 fungal species are known although far more than one million are expected. The variety of species and the diversity of their habitats, some of them less exploited, allow the conclusion that fungi continue to be a rich source of new metabolites. Besides the conventional fungal isolates, an increasing interest in endophytic and in marine-derived fungi has been noticed. In addition new screening strategies based on innovative chemical, biological, and genetic approaches have led to novel fungal metabolites in recent years. The present review focuses on new fungal natural products published from 2009 to 2013 highlighting the originality of the structures and their biological potential. Furthermore synthetic products based on fungal metabolites as well as new developments in the uses or the biological activity of known compounds or new derivatives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schueffler
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung (Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research), Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 56, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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24
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Matsumoto N, Suzuki E, Ishikawa M, Shirafuji T, Hasumi K. Soluble epoxide hydrolase as an anti-inflammatory target of the thrombolytic stroke drug SMTP-7. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:35826-38. [PMID: 25361765 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.588087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, only a small fraction of patients benefit from the current thrombolytic therapy due to a risk of cerebral hemorrhage caused by inflammation. Thus, the development of a new strategy to combat inflammation during thrombolysis is an urgent demand. The small molecule thrombolytic SMTP-7 effectively treats ischemic stroke in several animal models with reducing cerebral hemorrhage. Here we revealed that SMTP-7 targeted soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to suppress inflammation. SMTP-7 inhibited both of the two sEH enzyme activities: epoxide hydrolase (which inactivates anti-inflammatory epoxy-fatty acids) and lipid phosphate phosphatase. SMTP-7 suppressed epoxy-fatty acid hydrolysis in HepG2 cells in culture, implicating the sEH inhibition in the anti-inflammatory mechanism. The sEH inhibition by SMTP-7 was independent of its thrombolytic activity. The simultaneous targeting of thrombolysis and sEH by a single molecule is a promising strategy to revolutionize the current stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Matsumoto
- From the Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo Noko University, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Eriko Suzuki
- From the Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo Noko University, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Nihon Pharmaceutical, 34 Shin-izumi, Narita, Chiba 286-0825, Japan, and
| | - Takumi Shirafuji
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Nihon Pharmaceutical, 34 Shin-izumi, Narita, Chiba 286-0825, Japan, and
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- From the Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo Noko University, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan, TMS Co., Ltd., 1-32-1-102 Fuchucho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-0055, Japan
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25
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Ito A, Niizuma K, Shimizu H, Fujimura M, Hasumi K, Tominaga T. SMTP-7, a new thrombolytic agent, decreases hemorrhagic transformation after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion under warfarin anticoagulation in mice. Brain Res 2014; 1578:38-48. [PMID: 25016287 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol-7 (SMTP-7) is a new thrombolytic agent that exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. We previously demonstrated that the hemorrhagic transformation was fewer with SMTP-7 than with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) following ischemia-reperfusion in animal models. We hypothesized that SMTP-7 may decrease hemorrhagic transformation after ischemia-reperfusion under the warfarin-treated condition. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced for 3h using an intraluminal suture in warfarin-treated mice to produce hemorrhagic transformation. Warfarin was administered orally for a 24-h feeding period before MCAO through bottled drinking water (5mg in 375 ml tap water), resulting in a mean INR of 5.6±0.2. Mice were treated with vehicle, rt-PA, or SMTP-7 5h before reperfusion. Twenty percent of vehicle-treated and 50.0% of rt-PA-treated mice died 24h after reperfusion, while all SMTP-7-treated mice survived. Hemorrhagic severity in SMTP-7-treated mice was significantly lower than that in rt-PA-treated mice. Neurological deficit was significantly lower in SMTP-7-treated mice than vehicle- and rt-PA-treated mice. These results indicate that SMTP-7 decreases mortality, hemorrhagic transformation, and neurological deficits, and can be a safe thrombolytic agent following MCAO under the warfarin-treated condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Niizuma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Miki Fujimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; TMS Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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26
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Mishima E, Inoue C, Saigusa D, Inoue R, Ito K, Suzuki Y, Jinno D, Tsukui Y, Akamatsu Y, Araki M, Araki K, Shimizu R, Shinke H, Suzuki T, Takeuchi Y, Shima H, Akiyama Y, Toyohara T, Suzuki C, Saiki Y, Tominaga T, Miyagi S, Kawagisihi N, Soga T, Ohkubo T, Yamamura K, Imai Y, Masuda S, Sabbisetti V, Ichimura T, Mount DB, Bonventre JV, Ito S, Tomioka Y, Itoh K, Abe T. Conformational change in transfer RNA is an early indicator of acute cellular damage. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:2316-26. [PMID: 24833129 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013091001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage by oxidative stress is a key pathogenic mechanism in various diseases, including AKI and CKD. Thus, early detection of oxidative tissue damage is important. Using a tRNA-specific modified nucleoside 1-methyladenosine (m1A) antibody, we show that oxidative stress induces a direct conformational change in tRNA structure that promotes subsequent tRNA fragmentation and occurs much earlier than DNA damage. In various models of tissue damage (ischemic reperfusion, toxic injury, and irradiation), the levels of circulating tRNA derivatives increased rapidly. In humans, the levels of circulating tRNA derivatives also increased under conditions of acute renal ischemia, even before levels of other known tissue damage markers increased. Notably, the level of circulating free m1A correlated with mortality in the general population (n=1033) over a mean follow-up of 6.7 years. Compared with healthy controls, patients with CKD had higher levels of circulating free m1A, which were reduced by treatment with pitavastatin (2 mg/d; n=29). Therefore, tRNA damage reflects early oxidative stress damage, and detection of tRNA damage may be a useful tool for identifying organ damage and forming a clinical prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eikan Mishima
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine
| | - Chisako Inoue
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Ryusuke Inoue
- Medical Informatics Center of Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koki Ito
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery
| | | | - Daisuke Jinno
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences and
| | - Yuri Tsukui
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences and
| | | | - Masatake Araki
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Haruka Shinke
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine
| | - Yoichi Takeuchi
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine
| | - Hisato Shima
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine
| | | | | | - Chitose Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine
| | | | | | - Shigehito Miyagi
- Division of Transplantation, Reconstruction and Endoscopic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawagisihi
- Division of Transplantation, Reconstruction and Endoscopic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamamura
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Imai
- Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satohiro Masuda
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Venkata Sabbisetti
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Takaharu Ichimura
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - David B Mount
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Sadayoshi Ito
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine
| | | | - Kunihiko Itoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, and Department of Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
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27
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Hashimoto T, Shibata K, Ohata H, Hasumi K, Honda K. Altered gene expression in an embolic stroke model after thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator and Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol-7. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 125:99-106. [PMID: 24784876 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.14019fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study compares gene expression and infarct area in a mouse model of embolic stroke after thrombolysis with t-PA and SMTP-7. Embolic occlusion was induced by transfer of acetic acid-induced embolus into the brain. t-PA or SMTP-7 was administered 3 h after embolization. Changes in gene expression were evaluated using microarray and RT-PCR analysis. To determine the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the response to t-PA, the free radical scavenger edaravone was infused immediately before t-PA administration. The expressions of 459 genes involved in the inflammatory response, cell-to-cell signaling, cell movement, and inflammatory disease were altered by embolic occlusion. Twenty-two of those genes were upregulated after t-PA but not SMTP-7 administration. Differences between the t-PA- and SMTP-7-treated groups in the expression of genes including the proinflammatory genes Il6, Stat3, S100a8, and Mmp9 were confirmed with RT-PCR. Edaravone ameliorated the overexpression of these genes. Our data demonstrate differences in gene expression following treatment with SMTP-7 or t-PA that likely explain the difference in therapeutic time windows of the two drugs. ROS are involved in the overexpression of proinflammatory genes. The wide therapeutic time window may be achieved through an anti-oxidative effect and inhibition of proinflammatory gene overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terumasa Hashimoto
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Japan
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28
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SMTP-7, a novel small-molecule thrombolytic for ischemic stroke: a study in rodents and primates. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:235-41. [PMID: 24192639 PMCID: PMC3915202 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SMTP-7 (Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol-7), a small molecule that promotes plasminogen activation through the modulation of plasminogen conformation, has excellent therapeutic activity against cerebral infarction in several rodent models. Detailed evaluations of SMTP-7 in a primate stroke model are needed for effective, safe drug development. Here we evaluated SMTP-7 in a monkey photochemical-induced thrombotic middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model (n=6), in which MCA occlusion was followed by recanalization/reocclusion. SMTP-7 (10 mg/kg, intravenous infusion) significantly increased the postinfusion MCA recanalization rate (32.5-fold, P=0.043) and ameliorated the post-24-h neurologic deficit (by 29%, P=0.02), cerebral infarct (by 46%, P=0.033), and cerebral hemorrhage (by 51%, P=0.013) compared with the vehicle control animals. In normal monkeys, SMTP-7 did not affect general physiologic or hemostatic variables, including coagulation and platelet parameters. Investigations in rodent models of transient and permanent focal cerebral ischemia, as well as arterial thrombosis and bleeding tests, suggest a role for SMTP-7's regulated profibrinolytic action and neuroprotective properties in the monkey MCA occlusion model. In conclusion, SMTP-7 is effective in treating thrombotic stroke in monkeys. SMTP-7 is thus a promising candidate for the development of alternative therapy for ischemic stroke.
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29
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Kemmochi S, Hayashi H, Taniai E, Hasumi K, Sugita-Konishi Y, Kumagai S, Mitsumori K, Shibutani M. Protective Effect of Stachybotrys microspora Triprenyl Phenol-7on the Deposition of IgA to the Glomerular Mesangium in Nivalenol-induced IgA Nephropathy Using BALB/c Mice. J Toxicol Pathol 2012; 25:149-54. [PMID: 22907981 PMCID: PMC3392907 DOI: 10.1293/tox.25.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activators of tissue proteolysis including Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol (SMTP)-7 are a new class of agents that are expected to be effective for amelioration of chronic tissue destructive diseases. The present study was performed to examine whether SMTP-7 is effective for the amelioration or protection of early-stage IgA nephropathy (IgAN) induced by nivalenol (NIV) in female BALB/c mice. In Experiment 1, mice were administered NIV at 24 ppm in diet for 8 weeks, and during the NIV treatment, they were intraperitoneally injected with SMTP-7 (10 mg/kg) three times a week. In Experiment 2, mice were injected similarly with SMTP-7 during the last 4 weeks of a 16-week NIV treatment. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed an inhibitory effect of SMTP-7 on the glomerular deposition of IgA in Experiment 1; however, it was ineffective in Experiment 2. On the other hand, SMTP-7 did not affect the serum concentration of IgA in both experiments. These results suggest that SMTP-7 has a potential to decrease the progression of IgAN induced by NIV through inhibition of local accumulation of IgA in the glomerular mesangium, while it was ineffective for suppression of IgA production. On the other hand, SMTP-7 was found to be ineffective for already deposited IgA, suggesting that SMTP-7 may not be effective for ameliorating advanced IgAN.
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30
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A new series of the SMTP plasminogen modulators with a phenylamine-based side chain. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2012; 65:361-7. [PMID: 22511228 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2012.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SMTPs are a family of small-molecule plasminogen modulators that enhance plasminogen activation. SMTP-7, one of the most potent congeners, is effective in treating thrombotic cerebral infarction. The SMTP molecule consists of a tricyclic γ-lactam moiety, a geranylmethyl group, and an N-linked side chain. The presence of both an aromatic group and a negatively ionizable group in the N-linked side chain is crucial for activity. Investigations of the congeners with a phenylglycine-based side chain suggest that a phenolic hydroxy group affects potency. In this study, we isolate and characterize a series of novel SMTP congeners with a phenylamine-based N-linked side chain. Of the 11 congeners isolated, SMTP-19 (with a 4-phenylcarboxylic acid moiety), SMTP-22 (with a 3-hydroxyphenyl-4-carboxylic acid moiety) and SMTP-25 (with a 2-hydroxyphenyl-3-carboxylic acid moiety) are as potent as SMTP-7 in plasminogen-modulating activity. Their isomers with a carboxylic acid group and/or a phenolic hydroxy group at different positions have <40% of the activity of these congeners. Both SMTP-22 and SMTP-25 have >1.7 times more oxygen radical absorbance capacity as compared with SMTP-7.
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