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Vicente R, Bittencourt J, Costa É, Nicoliche E, Gongora M, Di Giacomo J, Bastos VH, Teixeira S, Orsini M, Budde H, Cagy M, Velasques B, Ribeiro P. Differences between hemispheres and in saccade latency regarding volleyball athletes and non-athletes during saccadic eye movements: an analysis using EEG. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2023; 81:876-882. [PMID: 37852289 PMCID: PMC10631850 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The saccadic eye movement is responsible for providing focus to a visual object of interest to the retina. In sports like volleyball, identifying relevant targets quickly is essential to a masterful performance. The training improves cortical regions underlying saccadic action, enabling more automated processing in athletes. OBJECTIVE We investigated changes in the latency during the saccadic eye movement and the absolute theta power on the frontal and prefrontal cortices during the execution of the saccadic eye movement task in volleyball athletes and non-athletes. We hypothesized that the saccade latency and theta power would be lower due to training and perceptual-cognitive enhancement in volleyball players. METHODS We recruited 30 healthy volunteers: 15 volleyball athletes (11 men and 4 women; mean age: 15.08 ± 1.06 years) and 15 non-athletes (5 men and 10 women; mean age: 18.00 ± 1.46 years). All tasks were performed simultaneously with electroencephalography signal recording. RESULTS The latency of the saccadic eye movement presented a significant difference between the groups; a shorter time was observed among the athletes, associated with the players' superiority in terms of attention level. During the experiment, the athletes observed a decrease in absolute theta power compared to non-athletes on the electrodes of each frontal and prefrontal area. CONCLUSION In the present study, we observed the behavior of reaction time and absolute theta power in athletes and non-athletes during a saccadic movement task. Our findings corroborate the premise of cognitive improvement, mainly due to the reduction of saccadic latency and lower beta power, validating the neural efficiency hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Vicente
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Élida Costa
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Nicoliche
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Gongora
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
| | - Jessé Di Giacomo
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
| | - Victor Hugo Bastos
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Teresina PI, Brazil.
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Teresina PI, Brazil.
| | - Marco Orsini
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Niterói RJ, Brazil.
| | - Henning Budde
- Medical School Hamburg, Faculty of Human Sciences, Hamburg, Germany.
- Reykjavik University, Department of Sport Science, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Mauricio Cagy
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Engenharia Biomédica, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
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McGrath RL, Kantak SS. Reduced asymmetry in motor skill learning in left-handed compared to right-handed individuals. Hum Mov Sci 2016; 45:130-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gongora M, Peressuti C, Velasques B, Bittencourt J, Teixeira S, Arias-Carrión O, Cagy M, Ribeiro P. Absolute Theta Power in the Frontal Cortex During a Visuomotor Task: The Effect of Bromazepam on Attention. Clin EEG Neurosci 2015; 46:292-8. [PMID: 25394638 DOI: 10.1177/1550059414535576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bromazepam is a benzodiazepine, which has been widely employed in the treatment of anxiety. We investigated the electrophysiological changes in absolute theta power within the frontal cortex when individuals performed a visuomotor task under bromazepam. The sample of 17 healthy individuals was randomized into 2 experimental conditions, under which bromazepam 6 mg and placebo were administered on different days. All subjects were right -handed, with no mental or physical illness and were not using any psychoactive or psychotropic substance during the entire period of the study. We found an increase in reaction time under bromazepam compared with placebo . With regard to the electrophysiological variable, we found a lower theta power value in the prefrontal cortex prior to task execution, compared with after. We therefore suggested that this could be an increase of neural activity in this region, because of the subjects' readiness to perform the task, that is, because of their higher alertness. The right lateral frontal region showed lower theta power under bromazepam for pre- and post-finger movement. This could have occurred because of more effort to execute the task. In the left frontal region: premovement did not demonstrate any difference between conditions, possibly because the proposed task was simple to execute. In conclusion, theta power plays an important role in the analysis of visuomotor performance, assuming that bromazepam causes impairment on sustained attention and sensory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gongora
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Peressuti
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Institute of Applied Neuroscience, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bittencourt
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Laboratory of Physical Therapy, Veiga de Almeida University of Rio de Janeiro (UVA/RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Movement Disorders and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Unit, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, México DF, México
| | - Mauricio Cagy
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Institute of Applied Neuroscience, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil School of Physical Education, Bioscience Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Fortunato S, Tanaka GK, Araújo F, Bittencourt J, Aprigio D, Gongora M, Teixeira S, Pompeu FAMS, Cagy M, Basile LF, Ribeiro P, Velasques B. The effects of bromazepam over the central and frontal areas during a motor task: an EEG study. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2015; 73:321-9. [PMID: 25992523 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20150011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the influence of bromazepam while executing a motor task. Specifically, we intend to analyze the changes in alpha absolute power under two experimental conditions, bromazepam and placebo. We also included analyses of theta and beta frequencies. We collected electroencephalographic data before, during, and after motor task execution. We used a Two Way ANOVA to investigate the condition (PL × Br6 mg) and moment (pre and post) variables for the following electrodes: Fp1, Fp2, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8, C3, CZ and C4. We found a main effect for condition on the electrodes FP1, F7, F3, Fz, F4, C3 and CZ, for alpha and beta bands. For beta band we also found a main effect for condition on the electrodes Fp2, F8 and C4; for theta band we identified a main effect for condition on C3, Cz and C4 electrodes. This finding suggests that the motor task did not have any influence on the electrocortical activity in alpha, and that the existing modifications were a consequence due merely to the drug use. Despite its anxiolytic and sedative action, bromazepam did not show any significant changes when the individuals executed a finger extension motor task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzete Fortunato
- Departamento de Neurofisiologia e Neuropsicologia, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guaraci Ken Tanaka
- Departamento de Neurofisiologia e Neuropsicologia, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Araújo
- Departamento de Neurofisiologia e Neuropsicologia, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bittencourt
- Departamento de Neurofisiologia e Neuropsicologia, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Danielle Aprigio
- Departamento de Neurofisiologia e Neuropsicologia, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gongora
- Departamento de Mapeamento Cerebral e Integração Sensorial, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Laboratório de Mapeamento Cerebral e Funcional, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio Cagy
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis F Basile
- Laboratório de Psicofisiologia, Faculdade da Saúde, Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Departamento de Mapeamento Cerebral e Integração Sensorial, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Departamento de Neurofisiologia e Neuropsicologia, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Bittencourt J, Machado S, Teixeira S, Schlee G, Salles JI, Budde H, Basile LF, Nardi AE, Cagy M, Piedade R, Sack AT, Velasques B, Ribeiro P. Alpha-band power in the left frontal cortex discriminates the execution of fixed stimulus during saccadic eye movement. Neurosci Lett 2012; 523:148-53. [PMID: 22771570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The saccadic paradigm has been used to investigate specific cortical networks involving attention. The behavioral and electrophysiological investigations of the SEM contribute significantly to the understanding of attentive patterns presented of neurological and psychiatric disorders and sports performance. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to investigate absolute alpha power changes in sensorimotor brain regions and the frontal eye fields during the execution of a saccadic task. METHODS Twelve healthy volunteers (mean age: 26.25; SD: ±4.13) performed a saccadic task while the electroencephalographic signal was simultaneously recorded for the cerebral cortex electrodes. The participants were instructed to follow the LEDs with their eyes, being submitted to two different task conditions: a fixed pattern versus a random pattern. RESULTS We found a moment main effect for the C3, C4, F3 and F4 electrodes and a condition main effect for the F3 electrode. We also found interaction between factor conditions and frontal electrodes. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that absolute alpha power in the left frontal cortex discriminates the execution of the two stimulus presentation patterns during SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Bittencourt
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Brazil
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