1
|
Generating inner ear organoids containing putative cochlear hair cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:922. [PMID: 30206231 PMCID: PMC6134051 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In view of the prevalence of sensorineural hearing defects in an ageing population, the development of protocols to generate cochlear hair cells and their associated sensory neurons as tools to further our understanding of inner ear development are highly desirable. We report herein a robust protocol for the generation of both vestibular and cochlear hair cells from human pluripotent stem cells which represents an advance over currently available methods that have been reported to generate vestibular hair cells only. Generating otic organoids from human pluripotent stem cells using a three-dimensional culture system, we show formation of both types of sensory hair cells bearing stereociliary bundles with active mechano-sensory ion channels. These cells share many morphological characteristics with their in vivo counterparts during embryonic development of the cochlear and vestibular organs and moreover demonstrate electrophysiological activity detected through single-cell patch clamping. Collectively these data represent an advance in our ability to generate cells of an otic lineage and will be useful for building models of the sensory regions of the cochlea and vestibule.
Collapse
|
2
|
Regenerative medicine in hearing recovery. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:909-915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
3
|
Iki T, Tanaka M, Kitajiri SI, Kita T, Kawasaki Y, Mizukoshi A, Fujibuchi W, Nakagawa T, Nakahata T, Ito J, Omori K, Saito MK. Microarray analyses of otospheres derived from the cochlea in the inner ear identify putative transcription factors that regulate the characteristics of otospheres. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179901. [PMID: 28662075 PMCID: PMC5491065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Various tissues possess tissue-specific stem/progenitor cells, including the inner ears. Stem/progenitor cells of the inner ear can be isolated as so-called otospheres from differentiated cells using a sphere forming assay. Although recent studies have demonstrated the characteristics of otospheres to some extent, most of the features of these cells are unknown. In this report, we describe the findings of transcriptome analyses with a cDNA microarray of otospheres derived from the cochleae of the inner ears of neonatal mice in order to clarify the gene expression profile of otic stem/progenitor cells. There were common transcription factors between otospheres and embryonic stem cells, which were supposed to be due to the stemness of otospheres. In comparison with the cochlear sensory epithelium, the otospheres shared characteristics with the cochlea, although several transcription factors specific for otospheres were identified. These transcription factors are expected to be essential for maintaining the characteristics of otospheres, and appear to be candidate genes that promote the direct conversion of cells into otic stem/progenitor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Iki
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihiro Tanaka
- Information and Security Office, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Kitajiri
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kita
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuri Kawasaki
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Mizukoshi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujibuchi
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsutoshi Nakahata
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Juichi Ito
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Hearing Communication Medical Center, Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, Shiga, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Megumu K. Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hypoxia Induces a Metabolic Shift and Enhances the Stemness and Expansion of Cochlear Spiral Ganglion Stem/Progenitor Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:359537. [PMID: 26236724 PMCID: PMC4506838 DOI: 10.1155/2015/359537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that hypoxia (1% O2) enhances stemness markers and expands the cell numbers of cochlear stem/progenitor cells (SPCs). In this study, we further investigated the long-term effect of hypoxia on stemness and the bioenergetic status of cochlear spiral ganglion SPCs cultured at low oxygen tensions. Spiral ganglion SPCs were obtained from postnatal day 1 CBA/CaJ mouse pups. The measurement of oxygen consumption rate, extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), and intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels corresponding to 20% and 5% oxygen concentrations was determined using a Seahorse XF extracellular flux analyzer. After low oxygen tension cultivation for 21 days, the mean size of the hypoxia-expanded neurospheres was significantly increased at 5% O2; this correlated with high-level expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (Hif-1α), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1, Abcg2, nestin, and Nanog proteins but downregulated expression of p27 compared to that in a normoxic condition. Low oxygen tension cultivation tended to increase the side population fraction, with a significant difference found at 5% O2 compared to that at 20% O2. In addition, hypoxia induced a metabolic energy shift of SPCs toward higher basal ECARs and higher maximum mitochondrial respiratory capacity but lower proton leak than under normoxia, where the SPC metabolism was switched toward glycolysis in long-term hypoxic cultivation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lou X, Xie J, Wang X, Yang L, Zhang Y. Comparison of sphere-forming capabilities of the cochlear stem cells derived from apical, middle and basal turns of murine organ of Corti. Neurosci Lett 2014; 579:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
6
|
Lou X, Yuan H, Xie J, Wang X, Yang L, Zhang Y. Growth factors have a protective effect on neomycin-induced hair cell loss. Cell Biol Int 2014; 39:65-73. [PMID: 25052549 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that selected growth factors are involved in regulating survival and proliferation of progenitor cells derived from the neonatal rat organ of Corti (OC). The protective and regenerative effects of these defined growth factors on the injured organ of Corti were therefore investigated. The organ of Corti dissected from the Wistar rat pups (P3-P5) was split into apical, middle, and basal parts, explanted and cultured with or without neomycin and growth factors. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) protected the inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs) from neomycin ototoxicity. Using EGF, IGF-1, and FGF-2 alone induced no protective effect on the survival of auditory hair cells. Combining 2 growth factors (EGF + IGF-1, EGF + FGF-2, or IGF-1 + FGF-2) gave statistically protective effects. Similarly, combining all three growth factors effectively protected auditory hair cells from the ototoxic insult. None of the growth factors induced regeneration of hair cells in the explants injured with neomycin. Thus various combinations of the three defined factors (IGF-1, FGF-2, and EGF) can protect the auditory hair cells from the neomycin-induced ototoxic damage, but no regeneration was seen. This offers a possible novel approach to the treatment of hearing loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxin Lou
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Diensthuber M, Zecha V, Wagenblast J, Arnhold S, Edge ASB, Stöver T. Spiral ganglion stem cells can be propagated and differentiated into neurons and glia. Biores Open Access 2014; 3:88-97. [PMID: 24940560 PMCID: PMC4048968 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2014.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The spiral ganglion is an essential functional component of the peripheral auditory system. Most types of hearing loss are associated with spiral ganglion cell degeneration which is irreversible due to the inner ear's lack of regenerative capacity. Recent studies revealed the existence of stem cells in the postnatal spiral ganglion, which gives rise to the hope that these cells might be useful for regenerative inner ear therapies. Here, we provide an in-depth analysis of sphere-forming stem cells isolated from the spiral ganglion of postnatal mice. We show that spiral ganglion spheres have characteristics similar to neurospheres isolated from the brain. Importantly, spiral ganglion sphere cells maintain their major stem cell characteristics after repeated propagation, which enables the culture of spheres for an extended period of time. In this work, we also demonstrate that differentiated sphere-derived cell populations not only adopt the immunophenotype of mature spiral ganglion cells but also develop distinct ultrastructural features of neurons and glial cells. Thus, our work provides further evidence that self-renewing spiral ganglion stem cells might serve as a promising source for the regeneration of lost auditory neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Diensthuber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main , Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany . ; Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts. ; Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Veronika Zecha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main , Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jens Wagenblast
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main , Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Arnhold
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen , Giessen, Germany
| | - Albert S B Edge
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts. ; Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary , Boston, Massachusetts. ; Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard and MIT , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Timo Stöver
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main , Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lou X, Dong Y, Xie J, Wang X, Yang L, Tokuda M, Zhang Y. Comparing the cultivated cochlear cells derived from neonatal and adult mouse. J Transl Med 2014; 12:150. [PMID: 24884939 PMCID: PMC4050405 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous reports showed the presence of limited numbers of stem cells in neonatal murine cochlear sensory epithelia and these cells are progressively lost during the postnatal development. The goal of this study was to investigate whether stem cells can be derived from mature mouse cochleae under suspension culture conditions, and to analyze the expression of the stem cell and inner ear progenitor cell markers in cells dissociated from neonatal and adult mouse organs of Corti. Methods Organs of Corti were dissected from postnatal day 1 (P1) or postnatal day 60 (P60) mouse. The dissociated cells were cultivated under suspension cultures conditions. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry were conducted for phenotype characterization. Results The number of cochlear stem cells (otospheres) yielded from P1 organ of Corti was significantly higher than that of the P60 organ of Corti. RT-PCR analyses showed that the stem markers, such as nanog, sox2, klf4, and nestin can be found to be distributed similarly in the cells derived from both of organisms, but the inner ear developmental/progenitor cell markers showed lower expression in P60 organ of Corti compared to P1. Immunocytochemistry results also revealed the evidence that P60 otospheres lacking of differentiation potential in vitro, which opposed to the strong differentiation potential of otospheres at P1 stage. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the loss of numbers and features of stem cells in the adult organ of Corti is associated with the substantial down-regulation of inner ear progenitor key-markers during maturation of the cells in organ of Corti.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanzhong Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from neonatal mouse cochlear cells. Differentiation 2014; 87:127-33. [PMID: 24582575 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The sensory epithelium (SE) within the mammalian cochleae has a limited capacity for regeneration, and the loss of mammalian cochlear hair cells always lead to permanent hearing loss. Previous reports show that early postnatal cochlea harbors stem/progenitor-like cells nominated otospheres which have a limited regenerative/repair capacity, while these cell populations are progressively lost during the postnatal development. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) directly reprogrammed from non-embryonic cells have captured great attentions in the scientific community. In the present study, we determine whether Yamanaka׳s factors can induce the reprogramming of cochlear cells into iPS cells. We introduce defined factors Oct3/4, Sox2 and Klf4 into otospheres derived from postnatal day-1 (P1) mouse SE, and analyze characteristics alterations in cochlear cells. After transduction, otospheres generated colonies exhibiting a normal karyotype and morphology similar to that of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Moreover, these cochlear iPS cells also express ESC-like markers. Importantly, the cochlear iPS cells show pluripotency in vitro and in vivo, as evidenced by differentiation into three germ layers by embryoid body formation, as well as high efficient formation of teratomas containing three germ layers in immunodeficient mice. Thus, pluripotent cochlear iPS cells can be generated from cochlear cells by using three Yamanaka׳s transcription factors. These attempts represent the first step toward generating fully pluripotent iPS cells from mammalian cochleae with defined exogenous genes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lou XX, Nakagawa T, Nishimura K, Ohnishi H, Yamamoto N, Sakamoto T, Ito J. Reprogramming of mouse cochlear cells by transcription factors to generate induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Reprogram 2013; 15:514-9. [PMID: 24219577 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2013.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As an initial step for using technology derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the field of inner ear therapeutics, we examined the potential of four transcription factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, which are employed in the generation of iPSCs, for dedifferentiating cochlear epithelial cells. Otospheres, which are sphere-forming cells derived from dissociated cochlear epithelial cells of neonatal mice, were used as a cell source. The four transcription factors were introduced into otospheres using retroviral vectors. Virally transduced otospheres formed embryonic stem cell-like colonies that expressed markers for pluripotent stem cells and were capable of differentiating into the three germ layers in vivo and in vitro. These findings illustrate that viral transduction of four transcription factors can lead to reprogramming of cochlear epithelial cells, which may contribute to future studies of dedifferentiation of cochlear epithelial cells in tissue and identification of key molecules for otic induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Xin Lou
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan , 6068507
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|