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Shang NY, Huang LJ, Lan JQ, Kang YY, Tang JS, Wang HY, Li XN, Sun Z, Chen QY, Liu MY, Wen ZP, Feng XH, Wu L, Peng Y. PHPB ameliorates memory deficits and reduces oxidative injury in Alzheimer's disease mouse model by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1142-1159. [PMID: 38409216 PMCID: PMC11130211 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia in elderly people and substantially affects patient quality of life. Oxidative stress is considered a key factor in the development of AD. Nrf2 plays a vital role in maintaining redox homeostasis and regulating neuroinflammatory responses in AD. Previous studies show that potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate (PHPB) exerts neuroprotective effects against cognitive impairment in a variety of dementia animal models such as APP/PS1 transgenic mice. In this study we investigated whether PHPB ameriorated the progression of AD by reducing oxidative stress (OS) damage. Both 5- and 13-month-old APP/PS1 mice were administered PHPB (100 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) for 10 weeks. After the cognition assessment, the mice were euthanized, and the left hemisphere of the brain was harvested for analyses. We showed that 5-month-old APP/PS1 mice already exhibited impaired performance in the step-down test, and knockdown of Nrf2 gene only slightly increased the impairment, while knockdown of Nrf2 gene in 13-month-old APP/PS1 mice resulted in greatly worse performance. PHPB administration significantly ameliorated the cognition impairments and enhanced antioxidative capacity in APP/PS1 mice. In addition, PHPB administration significantly increased the p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK3β/GSK3β ratios and the expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO-1 in APP/PS1 mice, but these changes were abolished by knockdown of Nrf2 gene. In SK-N-SH APPwt cells and primary mouse neurons, PHPB (10 μM) significantly increased the p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK3β/GSK3β ratios and the level of Nrf2, which were blocked by knockdown of Nrf2 gene. In summary, this study demonstrates that PHPB exerts a protective effect via the Akt/GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway and it might be a promising neuroprotective agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Ying Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Long-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jia-Qi Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yu-Ying Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing-Shu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hong-Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xin-Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qiu-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Meng-Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zi-Peng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xin-Hong Feng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Li J, Xu S, Wang L, Wang X. 2-(4-Methylthiazol-5-yl) Ethyl Nitrate Hydrochloride Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment via Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) Signaling Pathway in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Associated Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:585. [PMID: 38790690 PMCID: PMC11117566 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension reduces the bioavailability of vascular nitric oxide (NO) and contributes to the onset of vascular dementia (VaD). A loss of NO bioavailability increases inflammation and oxidative stress. 2-(4-Methylthiazol-5-yl) ethyl nitrate hydrochloride (W1302) is a novel nitric oxide donor (NOD) which is undergoing phase I clinical trials in China for the treatment of VaD. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of W1302 in VaD rats induced by the permanent occlusion of a bilateral common carotid arteries model related to spontaneous hypertension (SHR-2VO), and we further explored the underlying mechanisms. Nimodipine was used as a positive control. Our results showed that W1302 treatment for 4 weeks (10 mg/Kg/day) exhibited stronger improvement in the spatial learning and memory deficits in SHR-2VO rats compared with nimodipine with slightly lower systolic blood pressure (SBP). Meanwhile, W1302 treatment significantly increased NO and cGMP production, restored mitochondrial membrane potential and attenuated oxidative stress as evidenced by increasing ATP production and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the brain. Furthermore, W1302 treatment markedly inhibited the iNOS activity and decreased TNF-α expression via inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Nimodipine treatment also restored these aberrant changes, but its ATP production was weaker than that of W1302, and there was no significant effect on NO release. Taken together, W1302 exhibited beneficial effects on complications in VaD with hypertension, which is involved in suppressing oxidative damage, and the inflammatory reaction might be mediated by an increase in NO release. Therefore, W1302 has therapeutic potential for the treatment of VaD caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-associated spontaneous hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaoliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (J.L.); (S.X.); (L.W.)
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Zhou Q, Han C, Xia Y, Wan F, Yin S, Li Y, Kou L, Chi X, Hu J, Sun Y, Wu J, Zou W, Huang J, Wang T. Efficacy and safety of 3-n-butylphthalide for the treatment of cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1706-1717. [PMID: 36047338 PMCID: PMC9532910 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current evidence for the efficacy of pharmacological treatment in improving cognitive function is absent. Recent studies have reported that 3‐n‐butylphthalide (NBP) has a positive effect on improving cognitive impairment; however, its clinical efficacy and safety is unclear. Therefore, we conducted a meta‐analysis to assess its efficacy and safety for cognitive impairment. Methods We systematically searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, and two reviewers independently screened and extracted the data from included studies. We synthesized the data using the Review Manager Software version 5.3. Results We included six randomized clinical trials (RCTs), encompassing 851 patients with cognitive impairment. The results showed that NBP improved cognitive impairment. Specifically, the clinical efficacy was better than that in the control group, with better performance in improving the Mini‐Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores, while decreasing the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐Cognitive subscale and the Clinician's Interview‐Based Impression of Change plus caregiver input scores. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between both groups. Conclusion The NBP is effective and safe in improving cognitive impairment; however, more high‐quality RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Wan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sijia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunna Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Kou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaosa Chi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yadi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenkai Zou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Yu W, Yin H, Sun Y, Shi S, Li J, Wang X. The attenuation effect of potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate in a mouse model of diabetes-associated cognitive decline: The protein expression in the brain. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1108-1123. [PMID: 35445545 PMCID: PMC9160457 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims dl‐PHPB (potassium 2‐(1‐hydroxypentyl)‐benzoate) has been shown to have neuroprotective effects against acute cerebral ischemia, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dl‐PHPB on memory deficits and preliminarily explore the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods Blood glucose and behavioral performance were evaluated in the KK‐Ay diabetic mouse model before and after dl‐PHPB administration. Two‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D‐DIGE)‐based proteomics was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in brain tissue. Western blotting was used to study the molecular mechanism of the related signaling pathways. Results Three‐month‐old KK‐Ay mice were given 150 mg/kg dl‐PHPB by oral gavage for 2 months, which produced no effect on the level of serum glucose. In the Morris water maze test, KK‐Ay mice treated with dl‐PHPB showed significant improvements in spatial learning and memory deficits compared with vehicle‐treated KK‐Ay mice. Additionally, we performed 2D‐DIGE to compare brain proteomes of 5‐month KK‐Ay mice treated with and without dl‐PHPB. We found 14 altered proteins in the cortex and 11 in the hippocampus; two of the 25 altered proteins and another four proteins that were identified in a previous study on KK‐Ay mice were then validated by western blot to further confirm whether dl‐PHPB can reverse the expression levels of these proteins. The phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (PI3K/Akt/GSK‐3β) signaling pathway was also changed in KK‐Ay mice and dl‐PHPB treatment could reverse it. Conclusions These results indicate that dl‐PHPB may play a potential role in diabetes‐associated cognitive impairment through PI3K/Akt/GSK‐3β signaling pathway and the differentially expressed proteins may become putative therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huajing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingni Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Si Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Han G, Song L, Ding Z, Wang Q, Yan Y, Huang J, Ma C. The Important Double-Edged Role of Astrocytes in Neurovascular Unit After Ischemic Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:833431. [PMID: 35462697 PMCID: PMC9021601 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.833431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, neurovascular unit (NVU) which is composed of neurons, astrocytes (Ast), microglia (MG), vascular cells and extracellular matrix (ECM), has become an attractive field in ischemic stroke. As the important component of NVU, Ast closely interacts with other constituents, which has been playing double-edged sword roles, beneficial or detrimental after ischemic stroke. Based on the pathophysiological changes, we evaluated some strategies for targeting Ast in treating ischemic stroke. The present review is focused on the roles of Ast in NVU and its complex signaling molecular network after ischemic stroke, which may be a prospective approach to the treatment of ischemic diseases in central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Han
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Song,
| | - Zhibin Ding
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
- Yuqing Yan,
| | - Jianjun Huang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong, China
- Jianjun Huang,
| | - Cungen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
- Cungen Ma,
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Yang W, Luo H, Ma Y, Si S, Zhao H. Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients with Hypertension: A Review. Aging Dis 2021; 12:841-851. [PMID: 34094646 PMCID: PMC8139194 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a common comorbidity that contributes to the development of various cardiovascular disorders in elderly patients. Moreover, hypertension has been associated with cognitive decline and dementia. Cognitive impairment leads to increased morbidity and mortality in elderly patients with hypertension. However, previous studies investigating the association between blood pressure (BP), BP variability (BPV), and antihypertensive drug use and the risk of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with hypertension have reported inconsistent findings. Given the global burden of hypertension, the aging population, and the low quality of life associated with cognitive impairment, a more comprehensive understanding of the association between hypertension and cognitive decline is needed. In this review, we summarized the current preclinical evidence and clinical research regarding the association of BP control, BPV, and antihypertensive drug use and cognitive function. We particularly focused on the differences among categories of antihypertensive drugs. We concluded that the correlation of BP and risk of cognitive function is non-linear and dependent on a patient's age. Intensive BP control is generally not recommended, particularly for the oldest-old. Increased BPV and characteristics of orthostatic hypotension in the elderly also increase the risk of cognitive decline. The current evidence does not support one category of antihypertensive drugs as superior to others for preventing dementia in elderly patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hongyu Luo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yixin Ma
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Sicong Si
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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Novel brain-targeting 3-n-butylphthalide prodrugs for ischemic stroke treatment. J Control Release 2021; 335:498-514. [PMID: 34087248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Currently, ischemic stroke is the leading cause of disability and death worldwide, and the performance of corresponding drugs is often unsatisfactory owing to the complex pathological processes and the impediment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we employed various tertiary amino groups, including different linear, cyclic, and bimolecular drug structures, to modify 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), a natural product used for ischemic stroke treatment, which has poor bioavailability, to generate a series of six prodrugs. These prodrugs showed significantly improved solubility and cellular uptake, which were primarily driven by putative pyrilamine cationic transporters. They also displayed more efficient brain delivery in vivo, reaching as high as 21.5-fold brain accumulation increase compared with NBP, leading to much higher bioavailability and stronger therapeutic effects. The toxicity of these molecules is also lower or similar to that of unmodified NBP. We showed that the tertiary amino group-modified NBP prodrugs are effective and safe for treating ischemic stroke with significantly enhanced druggability; hence, they have potential for further clinical development.
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Marco-Contelles J, Zhang Y. From Seeds of Apium graveolens Linn. to a Cerebral Ischemia Medicine: The Long Journey of 3- n-Butylphthalide. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12485-12510. [PMID: 32672958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) as well as its derivatives and analogues (NBPs), in racemic or enantiomerically pure forms, possess potent and diverse pharmacological properties and have shown a great potential therapeutic interest for many human conditions, especially for cerebral ischemia. This Perspective outlines the synthesis and therapeutic applications of NBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.,Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Shi S, Yin H, Li J, Wang L, Wang W, Wang X. Studies of pathology and pharmacology of diabetic encephalopathy with KK-Ay mouse model. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:332-342. [PMID: 31401815 PMCID: PMC7052806 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is not completely understood until now. The purposes of this study were to illustrate the changes in morphology, function, and important transporters in neurons and glia during DE, as well as to reveal the potential therapeutic effects of medicines and the diet control on DE. METHODS Spontaneous obese KK-Ay mice were used to investigate diabetes-induced cognitive disorder, the morphology, function, and protein expression changes in impact animal and the cell level studies. The new drug candidate PHPB, donepezil, and low-fat food were used to observe the therapeutic effects. RESULTS KK-Ay mice at 5 months of age showed typical characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and appeared significant cognitive deficits. Morphological study showed microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) expression was increased in hippocampal neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression decreased in astrocytes. Meanwhile, the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGLUT1) expression was increased and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) decreased, and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was also reduced in KK-Ay mice. Microglia were activated, and IL-1β and TNF-α were increased obviously in the brains of the KK-Ay mice. Most of the above changes in the KK-Ay mice at 5 months of age could be relieved by diet intervention (DR) or by treatment of donepezil or new drug candidate PHPB. CONCLUSION KK-Ay mouse is a useful animal model for studying DE. The alterations of morphology, structure, and function of astrocyte and microglia in KK-Ay mice might be rescued by DR and by treatment of medicine. The proteins we reported in this study could be used as biomarkers and the potential drug targets for DE study and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Hua‐Jing Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Wei‐Ping Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiao‐Liang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Protective effect of potassium 2-(l-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate on hippocampal neurons, synapses and dystrophic axons in APP/PS1 mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2761-2771. [PMID: 31165206 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE As the hub of memory and space, hippocampus is very sensitive to a wide variety of injuries and is one of the earliest brain structures to develop neurodegenerative changes in AD. Previous research has showed a protective effect of potassium 2-(l-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate (PHPB) on cognitive deficits in animal models of AD. However, it is unclear whether this protective effect is associated with hippocampal alterations. OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of PHPB on hippocampal neurodegenerative changes in middle-aged APP/PS1 mice. METHODS Ten-month-old male APP/PS1 transgenic mice and age-matched wild-type mice were randomly divided into three groups. PHPB-treated APP/PS1 group received 30 mg/kg PHPB by oral gavage once daily for 12 weeks. Wild-type group and APP/PS1 group received the same volume of water alone. Twelve weeks later, mice (13-month-old) were tested for in vivo 1H-MRS examination and then sacrificed for subsequent biochemical and pathological examinations using transmission electron microscopy, Golgi staining, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. RESULTS We found that PHPB treatment significantly improved the micromorphology of hippocampal neurons and subcellular organelles, ameliorated synapse loss and presynaptic axonal dystrophy, increased hippocampal dendritic spine density and dendritic complexity, enhanced the expression of hippocampal synapse-associated proteins, and improved hippocampal metabolism in middle-aged APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed for the first time the protective effect of PHPB on hippocampal neurons, synapses, and dystrophic axons in APP/PS1 mice, which to some extent revealed the possible mechanism for its ability to improve cognition in animal models of AD.
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Ma H, Wang W, Xu S, Wang L, Wang X. Potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate improves depressive-like behaviors in rat model. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:881-888. [PMID: 30505657 PMCID: PMC6251814 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate (PHPB) is a novel drug candidate for acute ischemic stroke. PHPB has been also shown to be beneficial for some neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we demonstrated that PHPB improved depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in rats. Male SD rats were subjected to the stress for five weeks. PHPB (30 and 100 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (FLX 10 mg/kg, as positive control) was administered orally from the third week in CUMS procedure. The behavioral tests were applied and then the biochemical studies were carried out. PHPB or FLX treatment rescued the behavioral deficiency in CUMS-exposed rats. Meanwhile, PHPB normalized the enhanced level of serum corticosterone, improved hippocampal and serum BDNF levels, as well as p-CREB level in hippocampus. In addition, PHPB could reverse the reduced level of extracellular 5-HT and its metabolite 5-HIAA in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of depressed rats. In summary, our results showed that PHPB improved depression-like behaviors in CUMS-exposed rats. The mechanisms might relate to the reverse of neurotrophic disturbance in the brain, reducing excessive HPA axis response and facilitating the release of 5-HT.
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Huang L, Wang S, Ma F, Zhang Y, Peng Y, Xing C, Feng Y, Wang X, Peng Y. From stroke to neurodegenerative diseases: The multi-target neuroprotective effects of 3-n-butylphthalide and its derivatives. Pharmacol Res 2018; 135:201-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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DL-3-n-butylphthalide alleviates vascular cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by activating the Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway in the hippocampus of rats. Neurosci Lett 2018; 672:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Li J, Xu SF, Peng Y, Feng N, Wang L, Wang XL. Conversion and pharmacokinetics profiles of a novel pro-drug of 3-n-butylphthalide, potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate, in rats and dogs. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:275-285. [PMID: 28905934 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate (dl-PHPB) is a novel pro-drug of 3-n-butylphthalide (dl-NBP) that is used to treat ischemic stroke. Currently, dl-PHPB is in phase II-III clinical trials in China. In this study, we investigated the conversion and pharmacokinetics profiles of dl-PHPB in vitro and in vivo. The conversion of dl-PHPB to dl-NBP was pH- and calcium-dependent, and paraoxonase was identified as a major enzyme for the conversion in rat plasma. The pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of dl-PHPB were studied and compared with equal-molar doses of dl-NBP in rats and dogs. The in vivo studies showed that dl-PHPB could be quickly and completely converted to dl-NBP. The plasma concentration-time course of converted dl-NBP after intravenous dl-PHPB administration was nearly the same as that after equal-molar dl-NBP. The Cmax and AUC of dl-NBP after oral dl-PHPB administration in rats and dogs were higher by 60% and 170%, respectively, than those after oral dl-NBP administration. Analysis of the tissue distribution of dl-PHPB revealed that converted dl-NBP was primarily distributed in fat, the brain and the stomach. In the brain, the levels of dl-NBP were relatively higher after dl-PHPB treatment by orally than after treatment with equal-molar dl-NBP. Approximately 3%-4% of dl-NBP was excreted within 72 h after dosing with dl-PHPB or dl-NBP, but no dl-PHPB was detected in urine or feces excrements. Our results demonstrate that the conversion of dl-PHPB is fast after oral or intravenous administration. Furthermore, the bioavailability of dl-PHPB was obviously better than that of dl-NBP.
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Potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate attenuates neuronal apoptosis in neuron-astrocyte co-culture system through neurotrophy and neuroinflammation pathway. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:554-563. [PMID: 28924549 PMCID: PMC5595293 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate (d,l-PHPB), a new drug candidate for ischemic stroke at the phase II clinic trial, has been shown to protect neurons by inhibiting oxidative injury and reducing neuron apoptosis in previous studies. But the mechanisms of d,l-PHPB remain to be studied. In this study, a neuron–astrocytes co-culture system was used to elucidate the roles of astrocytes in neuroprotection of d,l-PHPB under oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) condition. Our data showed that d,l-PHPB reduced neuronal apoptosis in mono-culture system and this effect was enhanced in neuron–astrocyte co-culture system under the OGD/R condition. Meanwhile, d,l-PHPB obviously increased the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), which were mainly secreted from astrocytes, in the co-culture system after OGD/R. The PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways as well as the p-TRKA/B receptors were involved in the process. In addition, the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β secreted from astrocytes after OGD/R were markedly reduced after d,l-PHPB treatment, which was mainly due to the suppression of phosphorylated p38. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the neuroprotective effects of d,l-PHPB were improved by astrocytes, mainly mediated by increasing the release of BDNF/NGF and attenuating inflammatory cytokines.
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Zhao C, Hou W, Lei H, Huang L, Wang S, Cui D, Xing C, Wang X, Peng Y. Potassium 2-(l-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate attenuates neuroinflammatory responses and upregulates heme oxygenase-1 in systemic lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:470-478. [PMID: 28752032 PMCID: PMC5518660 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A neuroinflammatory response is commonly involved in the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases. Potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate (PHPB), a novel neuroprotective compound, has shown promising effects in the treatment of ischemic stroke and Alzheimer׳s disease (AD). In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of PHPB were investigated in the plasma and brain of C57BL/6 mice administered a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Levels of iNOS and the cytokines TNFα, IL-1β and IL-10 were elevated in plasma, cerebral cortex and hippocampus after LPS injection and the number of microglia and astrocytes in cortex and hippocampus were increased. LPS also upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the cortex and hippocampus. PHPB reduced the levels of iNOS and cytokines in the plasma and brain, decreased the number of microglia and astrocytes and further enhanced the upregulation of HO-1. In addition, PHPB inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK, P38 and JNK. These results suggest that PHPB is a potential candidate in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases through inhibiting neuroinflammation.
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Li J, Wang XL, Wang AP, Xu SF, Jin HT. Toxicokinetics and toxicity of potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate in beagle dogs. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2017; 19:388-401. [PMID: 28367640 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1302940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate (dl-PHPB) is a prodrug of 3-n-butylphthalide (dl-NBP) for treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke in China, which undergoes lactonization to form dl-NBP in plasma. And, the phase II-III clinical trial of dl-PHPB has been approved by China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) in 2013. In this study, a toxicity and toxicokinetics evaluation of dl-PHPB was performed using beagle dogs at specially high-dose 108 mg/kg/day (65-fold higher than humans at MHRD) for 4 weeks by intravenous administration, with a 3-week recovery period. And the plasma concentrations of dl-PHPB along with its metabolite dl-NBP were determined by HPLC-UV method. The results showed that dl-PHPB was quickly metabolized into dl-NBP, and no significant accumulation was observed. A slight to moderate behavior-associated toxicity was revealed in the process of delivery; and recovered to normal at the end of administration. Changes in the blood hematological profiles included significantly increased NEUT levels and lower LYM% content. Meanwhile, a notable increase in TG content was also observed in the serum biochemical parameters at 4-week post-exposure. These findings were reversible during the recovery period. The information from these studies would be taken into consideration for the interpretation of toxicology findings and provide a reference for clinical safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Ai-Ping Wang
- b New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Shao-Feng Xu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Hong-Tao Jin
- b New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
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Yan H, Yan Z, Niu X, Wang J, Gui Y, Zhang P. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide can improve the cognitive function of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a prospective intervention study. Neurol Res 2017; 39:337-343. [PMID: 28145815 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1268775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Yan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Zhixin Yan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Xiaolu Niu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Jianling Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Yongkun Gui
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
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Abdoulaye IA, Guo YJ. A Review of Recent Advances in Neuroprotective Potential of 3-N-Butylphthalide and Its Derivatives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5012341. [PMID: 28053983 PMCID: PMC5178327 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5012341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The research of alternative treatment for ischemic stroke and degenerative diseases has always been a priority in neurology. 3-N-Butylphthalide (NBP), a family of compounds initially isolated from the seeds of Apium graveolens Linn., has shown significant neuroprotective effects. Previous extensive studies have demonstrated that NBP promotes a better poststroke outcome and exerts a multitargeted action on several mechanisms, from oxidative stress to mitochondrial dysfunction to apoptosis to inflammation. Additionally, recent findings on several neurological disorders have shown that NBP's beneficial effects extend beyond the management of stroke. However, despite the increasing number of studies toward a better understanding and the rapid advances made in therapeutic options, to date, dl-3-N-butylphthalide, a synthetic variation of l-3-N-butylphthalide, remains the only clinically approved anti-ischemic agent in China, stressing the difficulties for a viable and effective transition from experimental to clinical practice. Events indicate that NBP, due to its multitargeted effect and the adaptability of its basic structure, can be an important game changer and a precursor to a whole new therapeutic approach to several neurological conditions. The present review discusses recent advances pertaining to the neuroprotective mechanisms of NBP-derived compounds and the possibility of their clinical implementation in the management of various neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idriss Ali Abdoulaye
- Department of Neurology, The Southeast University Affiliated Zhong Da Hospital, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
| | - Yi Jing Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Southeast University Affiliated Zhong Da Hospital, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
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Bi M, Zhang M, Guo D, Bi W, Liu B, Zou Y, Li Q. N-Butylphthalide Alleviates Blood-Brain Barrier Impairment in Rats Exposed to Carbon Monoxide. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:394. [PMID: 27833554 PMCID: PMC5080372 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the most important health concerns and may result in neuropathologic changes and neurologic sequelae. However, few studies have addressed the correlation between CO poisoning and blood–brain barrier (BBB) impairment. In this study, we investigated the effects of N-butylphthalide (NBP) on the expressions of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-5 and aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) proteins in a CO poisoning rat model. The results indicated that the brain water content was obviously increased, and the tight junctions between endothelial cells were disrupted, resulting in significant cerebral edema and BBB dysfunction in a rat model of CO poisoning. Meanwhile, the ultrastructure of endothelial cells and pericytes was seriously damaged, and the expressions of ZO-1 and claudin-5 were decreased at an early stage (<7 days). NBP treatment could efficiently maintain the ultrastructural and functional integrity of BBB, alleviate cerebral edema. Besides, NBP could also markedly increase the levels of both ZO-1 and claudin-5 proteins compared with those in rats exposed to CO (P < 0.05), whereas NBP had no apparent regulatory effect on AQP-4 expression. Taken together, this study highlights the importance of ZO-1 and claudin-5 proteins in maintaining BBB ultrastructure and function after CO poisoning. NBP, as a novel treatment approach, may effectively inhibit the down-regulation of ZO-1 and claudin-5 proteins (but not AQP-4), thereby preserving the barrier function and reducing cerebral edema after CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Bi
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantai, China; Emergency Center, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantai, China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Affiliated Shouguang People's Hospital of Weifang Medical College Weifang, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan, China
| | - Weikang Bi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University Medical College Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Yantai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Yantai, China
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Mukaetova-Ladinska EB, Li M, Kalaria RN. tau protein, ischemic injury and vascular dementia. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.15.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical, neuroimaging and neuropathological studies have confirmed overlap between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Classical neuropathological changes of AD (plaques and tangles) can be present in VaD. We review neuroimaging, biochemical and animal studies to consider the role of tau protein in ischemic injury and VaD pathogenesis. The evidence comes largely from transgenic animal studies that confirm that tau transgenes influence cerebral vasculature. Clinicobiochemical studies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have, similarly, confirmed alterations in both total and phosphorylated tau protein in VaD. These data suggest that tau protein not only serves as a potential diagnostic tool for differential diagnosis of VaD from other types of dementia, but may also be a therapeutic target in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mosi Li
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
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Brain Food for Alzheimer-Free Ageing: Focus on Herbal Medicines. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 863:95-116. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18365-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Zhao H, Meng Z, Xue M, Wang P, Xu Z. Solubility of Racemic Potassium 2-(1-Hydroxypentyl)-benzoate in Six Solvents at 298.15–333.15 K. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5028149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Min Xue
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhibin Xu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Zhao W, Luo C, Wang J, Gong J, Li B, Gong Y, Wang J, Wang H. 3-N-butylphthalide improves neuronal morphology after chronic cerebral ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:719-26. [PMID: 25206879 PMCID: PMC4146270 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.131576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
3-N-butylphthalide is an effective drug for acute ischemic stroke. However, its effects on chronic cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal injury remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study ligated bilateral carotid arteries in 15-month-old rats to simulate chronic cerebral ischemia in aged humans. Aged rats were then intragastrically administered 3-n-butylphthalide. 3-N-butylphthalide administration improved the neuronal morphology in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia, increased choline acetyltransferase activity, and decreased malondialdehyde and amyloid beta levels, and greatly improved cognitive function. These findings suggest that 3-n-butylphthalide alleviates oxidative stress caused by chronic cerebral ischemia, improves cholinergic function, and inhibits amyloid beta accumulation, thereby improving cerebral neuronal injury and cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhong Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jian Gong
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yingxia Gong
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hanqin Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
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Lipoxin A4 methyl ester ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through activating ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 124:145-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate promotes long-term potentiation in Aβ1-42-injected rats and APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:869-78. [PMID: 24858312 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate (dl-PHPB) is a new drug candidate for ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dl-PHPB on memory deficits and long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS The expression of NMDA receptor subunits GluN1 and GluN2B in the hippocampus and cortex of APP/PS1 transgenic mice were detected using Western blot analysis. Memory deficits of the mice were evaluated with the passive avoidance test. LTP impairment was studied in the dentate region of Aβ1-42-injected rats and APP/PS1 transgenic mice. RESULTS APP/PS1 transgenic mice showed significantly lower levels of GluN1 and p-GluN2B in hippocampus, and chronic administration of dl-PHPB (100 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1), po) reversed the downregulation of p-GluN2B, but did not change GluN1 level in the hippocampus. Furthermore, chronic administration of dl-PHPB reversed the memory deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. In the dentate region of normal rats, injection of dl-PHPB (100 μmol/L, icv) did not change the basal synaptic transmission, but significantly enhanced the high-frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced LTP, which was completely prevented by pre-injection of APV (150 μmol/L, icv). Chronic administration of dl-PHPB (100 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1), po) reversed LTP impairment in Aβ1-42-injected normal rats and APP/PS1 transgenic mice. CONCLUSION Chronic administration of dl-PHPB improves learning and memory and promotes LTP in the animal models of Alzheimer's disease, possibly via increasing p-GluN2B expression in the hippocampus.
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Peng Y, Hu Y, Xu S, Rong X, Li J, Li P, Wang L, Yang J, Wang X. Potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate improves memory deficits and attenuates amyloid and τ pathologies in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:361-74. [PMID: 24893984 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.213140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and neurofibrillary tangles. Dl-PHPB [potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate], has been shown to have neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemic, vascular dementia, and Aβ-induced animal models by inhibiting oxidative injury, neuronal apoptosis, and glial activation. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of dl-PHPB on learning and memory in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) double-transgenic AD mouse models (APP/PS1) and the mechanisms of dl-PHPB in reducing Aβ accumulation and τ phosphorylation. Twelve-month-old APP/PS1 mice were given 30 mg/kg dl-PHPB by oral gavage for 3 months. Dl-PHPB treatment significantly improved the spatial learning and memory deficits compared with the vehicle-treated APP/PS1 mice. In the meantime, dl-PHPB obviously reduced τ hyperphosphorylation at Ser199, Thr205, and Ser396 sites in APP/PS1 mice. This reduction was accompanied by APP phosphorylation reduction and protein kinase C activation. In addition, expression of cyclin-dependent kinase and glycogen synthase kinase 3β, the most important kinases involved in τ phosphorylation, was markedly decreased by dl-PHPB treatment. Phosphorylated protein kinase B and phosphoinositide 3-kinase levels of APP/PS1 mice were significantly reduced compared with levels in wild-type mice, and dl-PHPB reversed the reduction. The effects of dl-PHPB effecting a decrease in τ phosphorylation and kinase activation were further confirmed in neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells overexpressing wild-type human APP695. These data raised the possibility that dl-PHPB might be a promising multitarget neuronal protective agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shaofeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianfang Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - PingPing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Chuang YF, Breitner JCS, Chiu YL, Khachaturian A, Hayden K, Corcoran C, Tschanz J, Norton M, Munger R, Welsh-Bohmer K, Zandi PP. Use of diuretics is associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease: the Cache County Study. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2429-2435. [PMID: 24910391 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although the use of antihypertensive medications has been associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it remains unclear which class provides the most benefit. The Cache County Study of Memory Health and Aging is a prospective longitudinal cohort study of dementing illnesses among the elderly population of Cache County, Utah. Using waves I to IV data of the Cache County Study, 3417 participants had a mean of 7.1 years of follow-up. Time-varying use of antihypertensive medications including different class of diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, β-blockers, and calcium channel blockers was used to predict the incidence of AD using Cox proportional hazards analyses. During follow-up, 325 AD cases were ascertained with a total of 23,590 person-years. Use of any antihypertensive medication was associated with lower incidence of AD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.97). Among different classes of antihypertensive medications, thiazide (aHR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.53-0.93), and potassium-sparing diuretics (aHR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48-0.99) were associated with the greatest reduction of AD risk. Thiazide and potassium-sparing diuretics were associated with decreased risk of AD. The inverse association of potassium-sparing diuretics confirms an earlier finding in this cohort, now with longer follow-up, and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Chuang
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John C S Breitner
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yen-Ling Chiu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ara Khachaturian
- National Supercomputing Center (NSCEE) for Energy and the Environment, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Kathleen Hayden
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chris Corcoran
- Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - JoAnn Tschanz
- Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Maria Norton
- Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; Department of Family, Consumer, and Human Development, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Ron Munger
- Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Kathleen Welsh-Bohmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter P Zandi
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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He X, Xue F. Transition-metal-free synthesis of (Z)-3-ylidenephthalides from 2-acyl-benzoic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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