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de Oliveira J, Moreira ELG, de Bem AF. Beyond cardiovascular risk: Implications of Familial hypercholesterolemia on cognition and brain function. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102149. [PMID: 38056504 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a metabolic condition caused mainly by a mutation in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene (LDLR), which is highly prevalent in the population. Besides being an important causative factor of cardiovascular diseases, FH has been considered an early risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive and emotional behavioral impairments in LDL receptor knockout (LDLr-/-) mice are associated with neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, impaired neurogenesis, brain oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, today, LDLr-/- mice, a widely used animal model for studying cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis, are also considered an interesting tool for studying dementia. Here, we reviewed the main findings in LDLr-/- mice regarding the relationship between FH and brain dysfunctions and dementia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade de Oliveira
- Laboratory of investigation on metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar Moreira
- Neuroscience Coworking Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, DF 70910-900, Brazil; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040360, Brazil.
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Del Rio Naiz SC, Varela KG, de Carvalho D, Remor AP. Probucol neuroprotection against manganese-induced damage in adult Wistar rat brain slices. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:638-650. [PMID: 37705340 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231201565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an abundant element used for commercial purposes and is essential for the proper function of biological systems. Chronic exposure to high Mn concentrations causes Manganism, a Parkinson's-like neurological disorder. The pathophysiological mechanism of Manganism remains unknown; however, it involves mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. This study assessed the neuroprotective effect of probucol, a hypolipidemic agent with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, on cell viability and oxidative stress in slices of the cerebral cortex and striatum from adult male Wistar rats. Brain structure slices were kept separately and incubated with manganese chloride (MnCl2) and probucol to evaluate the cell viability and oxidative parameters. Probucol prevented Mn toxicity in the cerebral cortex and striatum, as evidenced by the preservation of cell viability observed with probucol (10 and 30 μM) pre-treatment, as well as the prevention of mitochondrial complex I inhibition in the striatum (30 μM). These findings support the protective antioxidant action of probucol, attributed to its ability to prevent cell death and mitigate Mn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Giacomini Varela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde (PPGBS), Área de Ciências da Vida e Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Joaçaba, Brazil
| | - Diego de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde (PPGBS), Área de Ciências da Vida e Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Joaçaba, Brazil
| | - Aline Pertile Remor
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde (PPGBS), Área de Ciências da Vida e Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Joaçaba, Brazil
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De Paula GC, de Oliveira J, Engel DF, Lopes SC, Moreira ELG, Figueiredo CP, Prediger RD, Fabro de Bem A. Red wine consumption mitigates the cognitive impairments in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLr -/-) mice. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 24:978-988. [PMID: 31910791 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1704472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although the benefits of moderate intake of red wine in decreasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases associated to hypercholesterolemia are well recognized, there are still widespread misconceptions about its effects on the hypercholesterolemia-related cognitive impairments. Herein we investigated the putative benefits of regular red wine consumption on cognitive performance of low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLr-/-) mice, an animal model of familial hypercholesterolemia, which display cognitive impairments since early ages. The red wine was diluted into the drinking water to a final concentration of 6% ethanol and was available for 60 days for LDLr-/- mice fed a normal or high-cholesterol diet. The results indicated that moderate red wine consumption did not alter locomotor parameters and liver toxicity. Across multiple cognitive tasks evaluating spatial learning/reference memory and recognition/identification memory, hypercholesterolemic mice drinking red wine performed significantly better than water group, regardless of diet. Additionally, immunofluorescence assays indicated a reduction of astrocyte activation and lectin stain in the hippocampus of LDLr-/- mice under consumption of red wine. These findings demonstrate that the moderate consumption of red wine attenuates short- and long-term memory decline associated with hypercholesterolemia in mice and suggest that it could be through a neurovascular action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Extremo Sul Catarinense University, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Daiane Fátima Engel
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Science, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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Engel DF, Grzyb AN, de Oliveira J, Pötzsch A, Walker TL, Brocardo PS, Kempermann G, de Bem AF. Impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis in a mouse model of familial hypercholesterolemia: A role for the LDL receptor and cholesterol metabolism in adult neural precursor cells. Mol Metab 2019; 30:1-15. [PMID: 31767163 PMCID: PMC6812372 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), mutations in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLr) gene result in increased plasma LDL cholesterol. Clinical and preclinical studies have revealed an association between FH and hippocampus-related memory and mood impairment. We here asked whether hippocampal pathology in FH might be a consequence of compromised adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Methods We evaluated hippocampus-dependent behavior and neurogenesis in adult C57BL/6JRj and LDLr−/− mice. We investigated the effects of elevated cholesterol and the function of LDLr in neural precursor cells (NPC) isolated from adult C57BL/6JRj mice in vitro. Results Behavioral tests revealed that adult LDLr−/− mice showed reduced performance in a dentate gyrus (DG)-dependent metric change task. This phenotype was accompanied by a reduction in cell proliferation and adult neurogenesis in the DG of LDLr−/− mice, suggesting a potential direct impact of LDLr mutation on NPC. Exposure of NPC to LDL as well as LDLr gene knockdown reduced proliferation and disrupted transcriptional activity of genes involved in endogenous cholesterol synthesis and metabolism. The LDL treatment also induced an increase in intracellular lipid storage. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed parallel modulation of distinct regulatory networks upon LDL treatment and LDLr knockdown. Conclusions Together, these results suggest that high LDL levels and a loss of LDLr function, which are characteristic to individuals with FH, might contribute to a disease-related impairment in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and, consequently, cognitive functions. The LDLr −/− mice show impaired hippocampal related behaviour and adult neurogenesis. In vitro exposure of NPC to LDL and LDLr knock-down reduces cell proliferation. LDL exposure induces lipid storage in NPC. In vitro LDL and LDLr knock-down in NPC modulates distinct regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane F Engel
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anna N Grzyb
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Pötzsch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tara L Walker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patricia S Brocardo
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreza F de Bem
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
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de Souza RM, de Souza L, Machado AE, de Bem Alves AC, Rodrigues FS, Aguiar AS, dos Santos ARS, de Bem AF, Moreira ELG. Behavioural, metabolic and neurochemical effects of environmental enrichment in high-fat cholesterol-enriched diet-fed mice. Behav Brain Res 2019; 359:648-656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Xu Y, Xu J, Ge K, Tian Q, Zhao P, Guo Y. Anti-inflammatory effect of low molecular weight fucoidan from Saccharina japonica on atherosclerosis in apoE-knockout mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:365-374. [PMID: 29906534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the key cause of many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The inflammatory response and lipid metabolism disorders contribute to the development and progression of AS. This work aims to study the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) obtained from Saccharina japonica on atherosclerosis in apoE-knockout mice. The experimental results showed that LMWF statistically decreased the levels of triglyceride (TRIG) and oxidative low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) and stabilized established atherosclerotic lesions. LMWF ameliorated the inflammatory response by down regulating IL-6 and by up regulating IL-10 transcriptional levels, and LMWF returned p-JNK and cyclin D1 to normal levels. Moreover, LMWF increased the mRNA level of CD11b in the aorta and suppressed the expression of CD11b in the intimal layer of the aorta. Therefore, LMWF prevented macrophages from developing into foam cells and prevented SMCs from migrating into the intimal layer of the aorta, which inhibited the formation of atherosclerotic plaques; and ameliorated the occurrence and development of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Xu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Keli Ge
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qingwu Tian
- Clinical laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Clinical laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yunliang Guo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Braun JBS, Ruchel JB, Adefegha SA, Coelho APV, Trelles KB, Signor C, Rubin MA, Oliveira JS, Dornelles GL, de Andrade CM, Castilhos LG, Leal DBR. Neuroprotective effects of pretreatment with quercetin as assessed by acetylcholinesterase assay and behavioral testing in poloxamer-407 induced hyperlipidemic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:1054-1063. [PMID: 28192878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a group of disorders characterized by excessive lipids in the bloodstream. It is associated with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and recognized as the most important factor underlying the occurrence of atherosclerosis. This study was conducted to investigate whether pretreatment with quercetin can protect against possible memory impairment and deterioration of the cholinergic system in hyperlipidemic rats. Animals were divided into ten groups (n=7): saline/control, saline/quercetin 5mg/kg, saline/quercetin 25mg/kg, saline/quercetin 50mg/kg, saline/simvastatin (0.04mg/kg), hyperlipidemia, hyperlipidemia/quercetin 5mg/kg, hyperlipidemia/quercetin 25mg/kg, hyperlipidemia/quercetin 50mg/kg and hyperlipidemia/simvastatin. The animals were pretreated with quercetin by oral gavage for a period of 30days and hyperlipidemia was subsequently induced by intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of 500mg/kg of poloxamer-407. Simvastatin was administered after the induction of hyperlipidemia. The results demonstrated that hyperlipidemic rats had memory impairment compared with the saline control group (P<0.001). However, pretreatment with quercetin and simvastatin treatment attenuated the damage caused by hyperlipidemia compared with the hyperlipidemic group (P<0.05). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cerebral hippocampus was significantly (P<0.001) reduced in the hyperlipidemic group compared with the control saline group. Pretreatment with quercetin and simvastatin treatment in the hyperlipidemic groups significantly (P<0.05) increased AChE activity compared with the hyperlipidemic group. Our results thus suggest that quercetin may prevent memory impairment, alter lipid metabolism, and modulate AChE activity in an experimental model of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane B S Braun
- Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Jader B Ruchel
- Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Stephen A Adefegha
- Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula V Coelho
- Graduação em Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Kelly B Trelles
- Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Signor
- Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Maribel A Rubin
- Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Juliana S Oliveira
- Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme L Dornelles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Setor de Bioquímica e Estresse Oxidativo do Laboratório de Terapia Celular, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Cinthia M de Andrade
- Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Setor de Bioquímica e Estresse Oxidativo do Laboratório de Terapia Celular, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Lívia G Castilhos
- Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniela B R Leal
- Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Programa de-Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Cardinot TM, Lima TM, Moretti AIS, Koike MK, Nunes VS, Cazita PM, Krieger MH, Brum PC, Souza HP. Preventive and therapeutic moderate aerobic exercise programs convert atherosclerotic plaques into a more stable phenotype. Life Sci 2016; 153:163-70. [PMID: 27074350 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The mechanisms by which exercise affects atherosclerotic plaque stability remain incompletely understood. We evaluated the effects of two training protocols on both atherosclerotic plaque structure and the signaling pathways involved in plaque rupture. METHODS Male low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor knockout mice were fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFD). One group was subjected to moderate exercise using a treadmill for 14weeks (preventive protocol). The other group started an exercise regimen after 16weeks of the HFD (therapeutic group). Atherosclerotic plaques within the aorta were evaluated for lipid and collagen contents, as well as for inflammatory markers. Plasma cholesterol and cytokine levels were also determined. RESULTS The mice receiving a HFD developed hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic plaques within the aorta. The aortas from the animals in the preventive protocol exhibited smaller lipid cores and higher collagen content. These animals also exhibited lower CD40 expression within the plaques. The aortas of the mice in the therapeutic group exhibited higher collagen content, but no differences in either lipid core size or plaque size were noted. No differences in blood pressure, plasma cholesterol, cytokine levels, plaque size or metalloproteinase 9 expression were observed in the trained animals compared with the sedentary animals. CONCLUSION Moderate aerobic exercise modified atherosclerotic plaque characteristics and converted the plaques into a more stable phenotype, increasing the collagen content in response to both exercise programs. Furthermore, moderate aerobic exercise reduced the animals' fat content and decreased the activity of the CD40-CD40L signaling pathway in the preventive group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themis M Cardinot
- Emergency Medicine Department (LIM-51), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais M Lima
- Emergency Medicine Department (LIM-51), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana I S Moretti
- Emergency Medicine Department (LIM-51), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia K Koike
- Emergency Medicine Department (LIM-51), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valeria S Nunes
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM-10), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia M Cazita
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM-10), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta H Krieger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia C Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heraldo P Souza
- Emergency Medicine Department (LIM-51), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Langbein H, Hofmann A, Brunssen C, Goettsch W, Morawietz H. Impact of high-fat diet and voluntary running on body weight and endothelial function in LDL receptor knockout mice. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2015; 18:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Ettcheto M, Petrov D, Pedrós I, de Lemos L, Pallàs M, Alegret M, Laguna JC, Folch J, Camins A. Hypercholesterolemia and neurodegeneration. Comparison of hippocampal phenotypes in LDLr knockout and APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Exp Gerontol 2015; 65:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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The dose-dependent antioxidant effects of physical exercise in the hippocampus of mice. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:1496-501. [PMID: 24858240 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exercise increases both the consumption of oxygen and the production of reactive species in biological tissues, and this is counterbalanced by antioxidant adaptations to regular physical training. When the intensity of exercise fluctuates between mild and moderate, it improves the status of reduction-oxidation balance in the brain and induces neuroplasticity. However, intense exercise can oxidize the brain and impair neurological function. The effect of the frequency of exercise, which is an important factor in physical training, is still unknown. The effect of periodic exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress in the hippocampus of mice was evaluated in this study. Mice were made to run on a treadmill for 8 weeks, two, three, or five times per week, and their hippocampi and quadriceps femoris muscles were then dissected. Biomarkers of oxidative damage were negatively correlated with the frequency of exercise and mitochondrial muscular activity, while the sulfhydryl contents were positively correlated with exercise frequency. A logistic analysis revealed a dose-dependent effect of exercise on these biomarkers. In summary, these results suggested that manipulating the frequency of physical exercise could induce antioxidant-related adaptations in the hippocampi of adult mice.
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Moreira ELG, de Oliveira J, Engel DF, Walz R, de Bem AF, Farina M, Prediger RDS. Hypercholesterolemia induces short-term spatial memory impairments in mice: up-regulation of acetylcholinesterase activity as an early and causal event? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 121:415-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Castilla-Ortega E, Rosell-Valle C, Blanco E, Pedraza C, Chun J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Estivill-Torrús G, Santín LJ. Reduced wheel running and blunted effects of voluntary exercise in LPA1-null mice: the importance of assessing the amount of running in transgenic mice studies. Neurosci Res 2013; 77:170-9. [PMID: 24055600 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This work was aimed to assess whether voluntary exercise rescued behavioral and hippocampal alterations in mice lacking the lysophosphatidic acid LPA1 receptor (LPA1-null mice), studying the potential relationship between the amount of exercise performed and its effects. Normal and LPA1-null mice underwent 23 days of free wheel running and were tested for open-field behavior and adult hippocampal neurogenesis (cell proliferation, immature neurons, cell survival). Running decreased anxiety-like behavior in both genotypes but increased exploration only in the normal mice. While running affected all neurogenesis-related measures in normal mice (especially in the suprapyramidal blade of the dentate gyrus), only a moderate increase in cell survival was found in the mutants. Importantly, the LPA1-nulls showed notably reduced running. Analysis suggested that defective running in the LPA1-null mice could contribute to explain the scarce benefit of the voluntary exercise treatment. On the other hand, a literature review revealed that voluntary exercise is frequently used to modulate behavior and the hippocampus in transgenic mice, but half of the studies did not assess the quantity of running, overlooking any potential running impairments. This study adds evidence to the relevance of the quantity of exercise performed, emphasizing the importance of its assessment in transgenic mice research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya de Málaga, E-29010 Málaga, Spain.
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