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Esmaili-Shahzade-Ali-Akbari P, Ghaderi A, Sadeghi A, Nejat F, Mehramiz A. The Role of Orexin Receptor Antagonists in Inhibiting Drug Addiction: A Review Article. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2024; 16:130-139. [PMID: 39051042 PMCID: PMC11264478 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2024.1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The orexinergic system and its receptors are involved in many physiological processes. Their functions in energy homeostasis, arousal, cognition, stress processing, endocrine functions, and pain modulation have been investigated. Many studies have shown that the orexinergic system cooperates with the dopaminergic system in the addiction process. Emerging evidence suggests that the orexinergic system can be effective in the induction of drug dependence and tolerance. Therefore, several researches have been conducted on the effect of orexin receptor (OXR) antagonists on reducing tolerance and dependence caused by drug abuse. Due to the significant growth of the studies on the orexinergic system, the current literature was conducted to collect the findings of previous studies on orexin and its receptors in the induction of drug addiction. In addition, cellular and molecular mechanisms of the possible role of orexin in drug tolerance and dependence are discussed. The findings indicate that the administration of OXR antagonists reduces drug dependence. OXR blockers seem to counteract the addictive effects of drugs through multiple mechanisms, such as preventing neuronal adaptation. This review proposes the potential clinical use of OXR antagonists in the treatment of drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Esmaili-Shahzade-Ali-Akbari
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaderi
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Atena Sadeghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nejat
- Department of Biology and Health Sciences, Meredith College, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alireza Mehramiz
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Paramedical and Rehabilitation Science, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Illenberger JM, Flores-Ramirez FJ, Matzeu A, Mason BJ, Martin-Fardon R. Suvorexant, an FDA-approved dual orexin receptor antagonist, reduces oxycodone self-administration and conditioned reinstatement in male and female rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1127735. [PMID: 37180716 PMCID: PMC10172671 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1127735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Department of Health and Human Services reports that prescription pain reliever (e.g., oxycodone) misuse was initiated by 4,400 Americans each day in 2019. Amid the opioid crisis, effective strategies to prevent and treat prescription opioid use disorder (OUD) are pressing. In preclinical models, the orexin system is recruited by drugs of abuse, and blockade of orexin receptors (OX receptors) prevents drug-seeking behavior. The present study sought to determine whether repurposing suvorexant (SUV), a dual OX receptor antagonist marketed for the treatment of insomnia, can treat two features of prescription OUD: exaggerated consumption and relapse. Methods: Male and female Wistar rats were trained to self-administer oxycodone (0.15 mg/kg, i. v., 8 h/day) in the presence of a contextual/discriminative stimulus (SD) and the ability of SUV (0-20 mg/kg, p. o.) to decrease oxycodone self-administration was tested. After self-administration testing, the rats underwent extinction training, after which we tested the ability of SUV (0 and 20 mg/kg, p. o.) to prevent reinstatement of oxycodone seeking elicited by the SD. Results: The rats acquired oxycodone self-administration and intake was correlated with the signs of physical opioid withdrawal. Additionally, females self-administered approximately twice as much oxycodone as males. Although SUV had no overall effect on oxycodone self-administration, scrutiny of the 8-h time-course revealed that 20 mg/kg SUV decreased oxycodone self-administration during the first hour in males and females. The oxycodone SD elicited strong reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behavior that was significantly more robust in females. Suvorexant blocked oxycodone seeking in males and reduced it in females. Conclusions: These results support the targeting of OX receptors for the treatment for prescription OUD and repurposing SUV as pharmacotherapy for OUD.
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Ozdemir E, Baser T, Taskiran AS. Blockade of orexin receptor type-1 by SB-334867 and activation of orexin receptor type-2 attenuate morphine tolerance in rats. Physiol Int 2022; 109:457-474. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.2022.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPurposeThe interaction of orexinergic neurons with the opioidergic system and their effects on morphine analgesia and tolerance have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of the orexin-1 and orexin-2 receptor (OX1R and OX2R) agonist and antagonist on morphine analgesia and tolerance in rats.Material and methodsA total of 90 Wistar albino male rats weighing 180–220 g were used in the experiments. To induce morphine tolerance, rats were injected with a single dose of morphine (50 mg kg−1, s.c.) for 3 days. Morphine tolerance was assessed on day 4 in randomly selected rats by analgesia tests. In order to evaluate morphine tolerance situation, orexin-A, SB-334867, orexin-B and TCS OX2 29 were administered together with morphine for 3 days. The analgesic effects of orexin-A (10 μg kg−1), OXR1 antagonist SB-334867 (10 mg kg−1), OXR2 agonist orexin-B (15 μg kg−1), OXR2 antagonist TCS OX2 29 (0.5 mg kg−1) and morphine (5 mg kg−1) were measured at 15 or 30-min intervals by tail-flick and hot-plate antinociceptive tests.ResultsThe results suggested that the combination of orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 and orexin-B with morphine significantly increased the analgesic effect compared to morphine-tolerant rats. In addition, administration of orexin-A and -B alone showed significant analgesic effects compared to the saline group. However, co-administration of orexin-A and -B with morphine did not increase the analgesic efficacy of morphine.ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrated that co-administration of SB-334867 and orexin-B with morphine attenuated morphine tolerance. Further studies are needed to elucidate the details of the interaction between orexin receptors and the opioidergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Ozdemir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Baser
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sevki Taskiran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Kourosh-Arami M, Gholami M, Alavi-Kakhki SS, Komaki A. Neural correlates and potential targets for the contribution of orexin to addiction in cortical and subcortical areas. Neuropeptides 2022; 95:102259. [PMID: 35714437 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The orexin (hypocretin) is one of the hypothalamic neuropeptides that plays a critical role in some behaviors including feeding, sleep, arousal, reward processing, and drug addiction. This variety of functions can be described by a united function for orexins in translating states of heightened motivation, for example during physiological requirement states or following exposure to reward opportunities, into planned goal-directed behaviors. An addicted state is characterized by robust activation of orexin neurons from the environment, which triggers downstream circuits to facilitate behavior directed towards obtaining the drug. Two orexin receptors 1 (OX1R) and 2 (OX2R) are widely distributed in the brain. Here, we will introduce and describe the cortical and subcortical brain areas involved in addictive-like behaviors and the impact of orexin on addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Gholami
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Seyed Sajjad Alavi-Kakhki
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Mohammadzadeh L, Alizadeh AM, Feiz MS, Jamali S, Abedi M, Latifi H, Haghparast A. Acute morphine administration, morphine dependence, and naloxone-induced withdrawal syndrome affect the resting-state functional connectivity and local field potentials of the rat prefrontal cortex. Behav Brain Res 2022; 427:113859. [PMID: 35337941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Opiates are among the widely abused substances worldwide. Also, the clinical use of opioids can cause unwanted and potentially severe consequences such as developing tolerance and dependence. This study simultaneously measured the changes induced after morphine dependence and naloxone-induced withdrawal syndrome on the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and local field potential (LFP) power in the prefrontal cortex of the rat. The obtained results revealed that acute morphine administration significantly increased the LFP power in all frequency bands, as well as the rsFC strength of the prefrontal cortex, and naloxone injection reversed this effect. In contrast, chronic morphine administration reduced neural activity and general correlation values in intrinsic signals, as well as the LFP power in all frequency bands. In morphine-dependent rats, after each morphine administration, the LFP power in all frequency bands and the rsFC strength of the prefrontal cortex were increased, and these effects were further enhanced after naloxone precipitated withdrawal syndrome. The present study concludes that general correlation merely reflects the field activity of the local cortices imaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mohammadzadeh
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 19839-69411, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Feiz
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 19839-69411, Iran
| | - Shole Jamali
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mohaddeseh Abedi
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 19839-69411, Iran; Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran.
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, P.O.Box 19615-1178, Iran.
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Aghajani N, Pourhamzeh M, Azizi H, Semnanian S. Central blockade of orexin type 1 receptors reduces naloxone induced activation of locus coeruleus neurons in morphine dependent rats. Neurosci Lett 2021; 755:135909. [PMID: 33892002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Orexin neuropeptides are implicated in the expression of morphine dependence. Locus coeruleus (LC) nucleus is an important brain area involving in the development of withdrawal signs of morphine and contains high expression of orexin type 1 receptors (OX1Rs). Despite extensive considerations, effects of immediate inhibition of OX1Rs by a single dose administration of SB-334867 prior to the naloxone-induced activation of LC neurons remains unknown. Therefore, we examined the direct effects of OX1Rs acute blockade on the neuronal activity of the morphine-dependent rats which underwent naloxone administration. Adult male rats underwent subcutaneous administration of 10 mg/kg morphine (two times/day) for a ten-day period. On the last day of experiment, intra-cerebroventricular administration of 10 μg/μl antagonist of OX1Rs, SB-334867, was performed just before intra-peritoneal injection of 2 mg/kg naloxone. Thereafter, in vivo extracellular single unit recording was employed to evaluate the electrical activity of LC neuronal cells. The outcomes demonstrated that morphine tolerance developed following ten-day of injection. Then, naloxone administration causes hyperactivity of LC neuronal cells, whereas a single dose administration of SB-334867 prior to naloxone prevented the enhanced activity of neurons upon morphine withdrawal. Our findings indicate that increased response of LC neuronal cells to applied naloxone could be prevented by the acute inhibition of the OX1Rs just before the naloxone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Aghajani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Pourhamzeh
- Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Semnanian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Inhibition of orexin receptor 1 contributes to the development of morphine dependence via attenuation of cAMP response element-binding protein and phospholipase Cβ3. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 108:101801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kourosh-Arami M, Joghataei MT, Komaki A, Gholami M, Najafi Z, Lavaie M. Persistent effects of the orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 on naloxone precipitated morphine withdrawal symptoms and nociceptive behaviors in morphine dependent rats. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:67-76. [PMID: 32746675 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1802266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we investigated the effect of long-term administration of orexin receptor 1 (OXR1) antagonist on naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal symptoms and nociceptive behaviors in morphine-dependent rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats received subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of morphine (6, 16, 26, 36, 46, 56, and 66 mg/kg, 2 ml/kg) at an interval of 24 h for 7 days. In chronic groups, the OXR1 antagonist, SB-334867 (20 mg/kg, i.p.), or its vehicle, was injected repetitively from postnatal day 1 (PND1)-PND23 and then for the following seven days before each morphine injection. Meanwhile, in acute groups, SB-334867, or its vehicle, was administered before each morphine injection. In groups of rats that were designated for withdrawal experiments, naloxone (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered after the last injection of morphine. In the formalin-induced pain, the effect of OXR1 inhibition on the antinociceptive effects of morphine was measured by injecting formalin after the final morphine injection. RESULTS Animals that received long-term SB-334867 administration before morphine injection demonstrated a significant reduction in chewing, defecation, diarrhea, grooming, teeth chattering, wet-dog shake, and writhing. Inhibiting OXR1 for a long time increased formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors in interphase and phase II of the formalin-induced pain. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that the inhibition of OXR1 significantly reduces the development of morphine dependence and behavioral signs elicited by the administration of naloxone in morphine-dependent rats. Furthermore, the prolonged blockade of OXR1 might be involved in formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroscience Research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Taghi Joghataei
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Gholami
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Zohreh Najafi
- Neuroscience Research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Lavaie
- Neuroscience Research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Orexin type-1 receptor inhibition in the rat lateral paragigantocellularis nucleus attenuates development of morphine dependence. Neurosci Lett 2020; 724:134875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zarrabian S, Riahi E, Karimi S, Razavi Y, Haghparast A. The potential role of the orexin reward system in future treatments for opioid drug abuse. Brain Res 2020; 1731:146028. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Recent perspectives on orexin/hypocretin promotion of addiction-related behaviors. Neuropharmacology 2020; 168:108013. [PMID: 32092435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide hypocretin/orexin plays a broad and important role in physiological functions ranging from addiction, stress, and anxiety to sleep, energy metabolism, and homeostatic regulation. A number of recent reviews addressing the importance of orexin for different addictive behaviors, especially the contribution of orexin-1-receptors (Ox1Rs) in responding for intoxicants in higher-motivation individuals and situations, and orexin-2-receptor (Ox2Rs) in stress-related aspects of addictive responding. This may parallel the importance of more lateral orexin neurons in the hypothalamus for reward and more medial for stress and arousal. However, there is clearly also some crossover, which may reflect, in part, where positive and negative conditioning (reward- and relief-seeking) are both present concurrently in established addiction, and also where orexin signaling can differ in subregions of a particular brain region. Here, we attempt to examine and synthesize some of the most recent work addressing orexin functions in addiction, including a particular role for Ox1Rs for driving responding in higher-motivation individuals and under higher levels of effort. While there are some commonalities across addictive substances addressed here (alcohol, cocaine, opiates), there are also some differences, which may relate to several factors including the speed of intoxication with a given substance. Together, recent findings have shed important insight and clues into what a more unified role of Ox1Rs might entail, and critical areas for future work. In addition, these many studies support the development of Ox1R blockers for use in humans to counteract addiction and other disorders of motivation. This article is part of the special issue on Neuropeptides.
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Davoudi M, Vijeepallam K, Azizi H, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Semnanian S. PKC inhibitor reversed the suppressive effect of orexin-A on IPSCs of locus coeruleus neurons in naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1425-1435. [PMID: 31493096 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC) as a target of addictive drugs receives a dense projection of orexinergic fibres from the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and is accordingly a candidate site for the expression of the somatic aspects of morphine withdrawal. Recently it has been shown that the inhibitory synaptic currents of LC neurons decrease partly through orexin type 1 receptors in the context of naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal; however, its cellular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, whole-cell patch clamp recordings of LC neurons in brainstem slices were used to investigate the impact of protein kinase C (PKC) on GABAergic inhibitory post-synaptic currents (IPSCs) in the context of naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal. Male Wistar rats (P14-P21) received morphine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 7 consecutive days to induce morphine dependency. Our results showed that the application of PKC inhibitor (Go 6983; 1 µM) alone did not decrease the probability of GABA release in the LC neurons of the morphine-treated rats in the presence of naloxone. Although, Go 6983 reversed the reduction of the amplitude of evoked IPSCs (eIPSCs) and spontaneous IPSCs (sIPSCs) frequency induced by orexin-A but did not change the sIPSCs amplitude. These results indicate that the suppressive effect of orexin-A on IPSCs is probably reversed by PKC inhibitor in the LC neurons of morphine-treated rats in the context of naloxone withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Davoudi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamini Vijeepallam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Semnanian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Pachenari N, Azizi H, Semnaniann S. Adolescent Morphine Exposure in Male Rats Alters the Electrophysiological Properties of Locus Coeruleus Neurons of the Male Offspring. Neuroscience 2019; 410:108-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Davoudi M, Azizi H, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Semnanian S. Decrease of inhibitory synaptic currents of locus coeruleus neurons via orexin type 1 receptors in the context of naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:281-293. [PMID: 30406600 PMCID: PMC10717061 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-018-0645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Acute opioid withdrawal syndrome is a series of neurological symptoms caused by the abrupt cessation of the chronic administration of opioids such as morphine. The locus coeruleus (LC) in the brain stem receives a dense projection of orexinergic fibers from the hypothalamus and is a candidate site for the expression of the somatic aspects of morphine withdrawal. Previous studies have shown that orexin-A contributes to the behavioral symptoms of naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal, partly by reducing the activity of GABAergic neurons, suggesting that orexin-A may negatively modulate fast GABAergic neurotransmission during morphine withdrawal. We used whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of LC neurons in brainstem slices to investigate the effect of orexin-A on bicuculline-sensitive GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) during naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal. Male Wistar rats (P14-P21) were given morphine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for seven consecutive days to create dependency on the drug. The application of naloxone (1 µM) to brain slices of morphine-treated rats reduced the amplitude of evoked IPSCs (eIPSCs) as well as spontaneous IPSCs (sIPSCs) frequency but did not change sIPSCs amplitude. Orexin-A (100 nM) significantly enhanced the suppressive effect of naloxone on eIPSCs amplitude and sIPSCs frequency but had no effect on the presence of the orexin type 1 receptor (OX1R) antagonist, SB-334867. Orexin-A alone had no significant effect on eIPSCs and sIPSCs in the absence of naloxone. In summary, our results show that orexin-A, via OX1R, potentiates the suppressive effect of naloxone on GABAergic IPSCs of LC neurons in morphine-treated rats. We conclude that orexins may have a critical role in regulating GABAergic neurotransmission to LC neurons during naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Davoudi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Semnanian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Kargar HMP, Azizi H, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Mani AR, Semnanian S. Orexin A presynaptically decreases inhibitory synaptic transmission in rat locus coeruleus neurons. Neurosci Lett 2018; 683:89-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Role of orexin type-1 receptors in paragiganto-coerulear modulation of opioid withdrawal and tolerance: A site specific focus. Neuropharmacology 2017; 126:25-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Fakhari M, Azizi H, Semnanian S. Central antagonism of orexin type-1 receptors attenuates the development of morphine dependence in rat locus coeruleus neurons. Neuroscience 2017; 363:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Antagonism of orexin type-1 receptors (OX1Rs) attenuates naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal syndrome in rat dorsal hippocampus. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 158:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hooshmand B, Azizi H, Javan M, Semnanian S. Intra-LC microinjection of orexin type-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 attenuates the expression of glutamate-induced opiate withdrawal like signs during the active phase in rats. Neurosci Lett 2017; 636:276-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Davoudi M, Azizi H, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Semnanian S. The blockade of GABAA receptors attenuates the inhibitory effect of orexin type 1 receptors antagonist on morphine withdrawal syndrome in rats. Neurosci Lett 2016; 617:201-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants). This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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