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Jehle A, Garaschuk O. The Interplay between cGMP and Calcium Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137048. [PMID: 35806059 PMCID: PMC9266933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger and a key molecule in many important signaling cascades in the body and brain, including phototransduction, olfaction, vasodilation, and functional hyperemia. Additionally, cGMP is involved in long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular correlate of learning and memory, and recent studies have identified the cGMP-increasing drug Sildenafil as a potential risk modifier in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD development is accompanied by a net increase in the expression of nitric oxide (NO) synthases but a decreased activity of soluble guanylate cyclases, so the exact sign and extent of AD-mediated imbalance remain unclear. Moreover, human patients and mouse models of the disease present with entangled deregulation of both cGMP and Ca2+ signaling, e.g., causing changes in cGMP-mediated Ca2+ release from the intracellular stores as well as Ca2+-mediated cGMP production. Still, the mechanisms governing such interplay are poorly understood. Here, we review the recent data on mechanisms underlying the brain cGMP signaling and its interconnection with Ca2+ signaling. We also discuss the recent evidence stressing the importance of such interplay for normal brain function as well as in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Skemiene K, Rekuviene E, Jekabsone A, Cizas P, Morkuniene R, Borutaite V. Comparison of Effects of Metformin, Phenformin, and Inhibitors of Mitochondrial Complex I on Mitochondrial Permeability Transition and Ischemic Brain Injury. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101400. [PMID: 33019635 PMCID: PMC7600544 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to cerebral mitochondria, particularly opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), is a key mechanism of ischemic brain injury, therefore, modulation of MPTP may be a potential target for a neuroprotective strategy in ischemic brain pathologies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether biguanides-metformin and phenformin as well as other inhibitors of Complex I of the mitochondrial electron transfer system may protect against ischemia-induced cell death in brain slice cultures by suppressing MPTP, and whether the effects of these inhibitors depend on the age of animals. Experiments were performed on brain slice cultures prepared from 5-7-day (premature) and 2-3-month old (adult) rat brains. In premature brain slice cultures, simulated ischemia (hypoxia plus deoxyglucose) induced necrosis whereas in adult rat brain slice cultures necrosis was induced by hypoxia alone and was suppressed by deoxyglucose. Phenformin prevented necrosis induced by simulated ischemia in premature and hypoxia-induced-in adult brain slices, whereas metformin was protective in adult brain slices cultures. In premature brain slices, necrosis was also prevented by Complex I inhibitors rotenone and amobarbital and by MPTP inhibitor cyclosporine A. The latter two inhibitors were protective in adult brain slices as well. Short-term exposure of cultured neurons to phenformin, metformin and rotenone prevented ionomycin-induced MPTP opening in intact cells. The data suggest that, depending on the age, phenformin and metformin may protect the brain against ischemic damage possibly by suppressing MPTP via inhibition of mitochondrial Complex I.
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Yan X, Ouyang J, Zhang C, Shi Z, Wang B, Ostrikov KK. Plasma medicine for neuroscience-an introduction. Chin Neurosurg J 2020; 5:25. [PMID: 32922924 PMCID: PMC7398231 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-019-0172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma is an ionized gas. It is typically formed at high temperature. As a result of both the development of low-temperature plasma sources and a better understanding of complex plasma phenomena over the last decade, "plasma medicine" has become a booming interdisciplinary research topic of growing importance that explores enormous opportunities at the interface of chemistry, plasma physics, and biomedical sciences with engineering. This review presents the latest development in plasma medicine in the area of the central nervous system and aims to introduce cutting-edge plasma medicine to clinical and translational medical researchers and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Jiting Ouyang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Zhongfang Shi
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Boran Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000 Australia.,CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratory, PO Box 218, Bradfield Road, Lindfield, Sydney, New South Wales 2070 Australia
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Ding X, Yang W, Ren Q, Hu J, Yang S, Han W, Wang J, Wang X, Wang H. Serum IgG-induced microglial activation enhances neuronal cytolysis via the NO/sGC/PKG pathway in children with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome and neuroblastoma. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:190. [PMID: 32546235 PMCID: PMC7298801 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare neurological disease. Some children with OMS also have neuroblastoma (NB). We and others have previously documented that serum IgG from children with OMS and NB induces neuronal cytolysis and activates several signaling pathways. However, the mechanisms underlying OMS remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether nitric oxide (NO) from activated microglias and its cascade contribute to neuronal cytolysis in pediatric OMS. Methods The activation of cultured cerebral cortical and cerebellar microglias incubated with sera or IgG isolated from sera of children with OMS and NB was measured by the expression of the activation marker, cytokines, and NO. Neuronal cytolysis was determined after exposing to IgG-treated microglia-conditioned media. Using inhibitors and activators, the effects of NO synthesis and its intracellular cascade, namely soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and protein kinase G (PKG), on neuronal cytolysis were evaluated. Results Incubation with sera or IgG from children with OMS and NB increased the activation of cerebral cortical and cerebellar microglias, but not the activation of astrocytes or the cytolysis of glial cells. Moreover, the cytolysis of neurons was elevated by conditioned media from microglias incubated with IgG from children with OMS and NB. Furthermore, the expression of NO, sGC, and PKG was increased. Neuronal cytolysis was relieved by the inhibitors of NO signaling, while neuronal cytolysis was exacerbated by the activators of NO signaling but not proinflammatory cytokines. The cytolysis of neurons was suppressed by pretreatment with the microglial inhibitor minocycline, a clinically tested drug. Finally, increased microglial activation did not depend on the Fab fragment of serum IgG. Conclusions Serum IgG from children with OMS and NB potentiates microglial activation, which induces neuronal cytolysis through the NO/sGC/PKG pathway, suggesting an applicability of microglial inhibitor as a therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ding
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nan-li-shi Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Qinghua Ren
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jiajian Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Shen Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Huanmin Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
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Skemiene K, Pampuscenko K, Rekuviene E, Borutaite V. Protective effects of anthocyanins against brain ischemic damage. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:71-82. [PMID: 32128684 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are considered as bioactive components of plant-based diets that provide protection against ischemic cardiovascular pathologies by mechanisms dependent on their antioxidant and reductive capacities. However, it is not clear whether similar anthocyanin-mediated mechanisms can provide protection against ischemia-induced brain mitochondrial injury and cell death. In this study, we compared effects of three cyanidin-3-glycosides - glucoside (Cy3G), galactoside (Cy3Gal) and rutinoside (Cy3R), with pelargonxidin-3-glucoside (Pg3G) and found that at 10-20 μM concentrations they have no direct effect on respiratory functions of mitochondria isolated from normal or ischemia-damaged rat brain slices. However, intravenous injection of Cy3Gal and Cy3G (0,025 mg/kg or 0,05 mg/kg what matches 10 μM or 20 μM respectively) but not Cy3R in rats protected against ischemia-induced caspase activation and necrotic cell death, and reduced infarct size in cerebral cortex and cerebellum. These effects correlated with cytochrome c reducing capacity of cyanidin-3-glycosides. In contrast, intravenous injection of 0,025 mg/kg Pg3G which has the lowest cytochrome c reducing capacity among investigated anthocyanins, had no effect on ischemia-induced caspase activation and necrosis but reduced brain infarct size whereas intravenous injection of 0,05 mg/kg of Pg3G slightly promoted necrosis in the brain. Our data suggest that reductive rather than antioxidant capacities of anthocyanins may be important components in providing protection against ischemic brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Skemiene
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Katryna Pampuscenko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Evelina Rekuviene
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Macêdo CNP, Braga FES, Campelo APBS, Diniz GM, Lopes LGDF, Kubrusly M, Campelo MWS. New metallophamaceutic reduced renal injury induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. Acta Cir Bras 2020; 34:e201901201. [PMID: 32022101 PMCID: PMC6998060 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020190120000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect of Rut-bpy (Cis-[Ru(bpy)2(SO3)(NO)]PF 6), a novel nitric oxide donor, able to modulate the histological changes caused by the NASID (meloxicam). Methods Wistar rats were assigned into three groups (n=6 rats/group): Sham group (saline solution), NSAID group (meloxicam - 15 mg/kg) and Rut-bpy group (100 mg/kg of Rut-bpy associated with 15mg/kg of meloxicam). At the end of experiments, kidneys were removed for histological study, fractal dimension and lacunarity in all animals. Results At the histological examination, all animals (six animals – 100 %) in the NSAID group had membrane thickening and other changes (necrosis, acute tubular congestion and vascular congestion); on the other hand, only one animal (16.6 %) of the Rut-bpy group had congestion. The fractal dimension and lacunarity were greater in the control and Rut-bpy group than in NSAIDs group (p<0.05). Conclusion Rut-bpy may prevent renal histological changes in rats caused by meloxicam.
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Seawater Immersion Aggravates Early Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Increases Neuronal Apoptosis After Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:447-457. [PMID: 31667702 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in naval warfare. Due to the unique physiochemical properties of seawater, immersion in it exacerbates TBI and induces severe neural damage and complications. However, the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of seawater-immersed TBI remain unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major cause of TBI-associated brain damage because it leads to oxidative stress, decrease in energy production, and apoptosis. Thus, the present study aimed to further elucidate the current understanding of the pathology of seawater-immersed TBI, particularly the role of mitochondrial dysfunction, using a well-defined rat model of fluid percussion injury and a stretch injury model comprising cultured neurons. The biochemical and pathological markers of brain-related and neuronal injuries were evaluated. Histological analysis suggested that seawater immersion enhanced brain tissue injury and induced a significant increase in apoptosis in rats with TBI. Additionally, lactate dehydrogenase release occurred earlier and at higher levels in stretched neurons at 24 h after seawater immersion, which was consistent with more severe morphological changes and enhanced apoptosis. Furthermore, seawater immersion induced more rapid decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and H+-ATPase activity in the cortices of TBI rats. In addition, the immunochemical results revealed that seawater immersion further attenuated mitochondrial function in neurons exposed to stretch injury. The increases in neuronal damage and apoptosis triggered by seawater immersion were positively correlated with mitochondrial dysfunction in both in vivo and in vitro models. Thus, the present findings strengthen the current understanding of seawater-immersed TBI. Moreover, because seawater immersion aggravates mitochondrial dysfunction and contributes to post-traumatic neuronal cell death, it is important to consider mitochondria as a therapeutic target for seawater-immersed TBI.
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Umbrasas D, Jokubka R, Kaupinis A, Valius M, Arandarčikaitė O, Borutaitė V. Nitric Oxide Donor NOC-18-Induced Changes of Mitochondrial Phosphoproteome in Rat Cardiac Ischemia Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55100631. [PMID: 31554309 PMCID: PMC6843668 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background and objective: Nitric oxide (NO) is known to exert cardioprotective effects against heart ischemic damage and may be involved in ischemic pre- and postconditioning. NO-triggered cardioprotective mechanisms are not well understood but may involve regulation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). In this study, we aimed to identify differentially phosphorylated mitochondrial proteins possibly involved in the NO/protein kinase G (PKG)/mPTP signaling pathway that can increase the resistance of cardiomyocytes to ischemic damage. Materials and methods: Isolated hearts from Wistar rats were perfused with NO donor NOC-18 prior to induction of stop–flow ischemia. To quantify and characterize the phosphoproteins, mitochondrial proteins were resolved and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein gel staining, excision, trypsin digestions, and mass spectrometry. Quantitative proteomic analysis coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was also performed. Results: Mitochondrial protein phosphorylation patterns in NOC-18-pretreated ischemic hearts versus ischemic hearts were compared. Pretreatment of hearts with NOC-18 caused changes in mitochondrial phosphoproteome after ischemia which involved modifications of 10 mitochondrial membrane-bound and 10 matrix proteins. Among them, α-subunit of ATP synthase and adenine nucleotide (ADP/ATP) translocase 1, both of which are considered as potential structural components of mPTP, were identified. We also found that treatment of isolated non-ischemic mitochondria with recombinant PKG did not cause the same protein phosphorylation as pretreatment of hearts with NOC-18. Conclusions: Our study suggests that pretreatment of hearts with NOC-18 causes changes in mitochondrial phosphoproteome after ischemia which involves modifications of certain proteins thought to be involved in the regulation of mPTP opening and intracellular redox state. These proteins may be potential targets for pharmacological preconditioning of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielius Umbrasas
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Ramūnas Jokubka
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Mindaugas Valius
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Odeta Arandarčikaitė
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Vilmantė Borutaitė
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Mancini A, Tantucci M, Mazzocchetti P, de Iure A, Durante V, Macchioni L, Giampà C, Alvino A, Gaetani L, Costa C, Tozzi A, Calabresi P, Di Filippo M. Microglial activation and the nitric oxide/cGMP/PKG pathway underlie enhanced neuronal vulnerability to mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 113:97-108. [PMID: 29325869 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During multiple sclerosis (MS), a close link has been demonstrated to occur between inflammation and neuro-axonal degeneration, leading to the hypothesis that immune mechanisms may promote neurodegeneration, leading to irreversible disease progression. Energy deficits and inflammation-driven mitochondrial dysfunction seem to be involved in this process. In this work we investigated, by the use of striatal electrophysiological field-potential recordings, if the inflammatory process associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is able to influence neuronal vulnerability to the blockade of mitochondrial complex IV, a crucial component for mitochondrial activity responsible of about 90% of total cellular oxygen consumption. We showed that during the acute relapsing phase of EAE, neuronal susceptibility to mitochondrial complex IV inhibition is markedly enhanced. This detrimental effect was counteracted by the pharmacological inhibition of microglia, of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and its intracellular pathway (involving soluble guanylyl cyclase, sGC, and protein kinase G, PKG). The obtained results suggest that mitochondrial complex IV exerts an important role in maintaining neuronal energetic homeostasis during EAE. The pathological processes associated with experimental MS, and in particular the activation of microglia and of the NO pathway, lead to an increased neuronal vulnerability to mitochondrial complex IV inhibition, representing promising pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mancini
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michela Tantucci
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Petra Mazzocchetti
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio de Iure
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Durante
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lara Macchioni
- Sezione di Fisiologia e Biochimica, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmela Giampà
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Alvino
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gaetani
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Costa
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tozzi
- Sezione di Fisiologia e Biochimica, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy; IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy; IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Di Filippo
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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Atochin DN, Schepetkin IA, Khlebnikov AI, Seledtsov VI, Swanson H, Quinn MT, Huang PL. A novel dual NO-donating oxime and c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 618:45-49. [PMID: 26923672 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) has been shown to be an important regulator of neuronal cell death. Previously, we synthesized the sodium salt of 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one (IQ-1S) and demonstrated that it was a high-affinity inhibitor of the JNK family. In the present work, we found that IQ-1S could release nitric oxide (NO) during its enzymatic metabolism by liver microsomes. Moreover, serum nitrite/nitrate concentration in mice increased after intraperitoneal injection of IQ-1S. Because of these dual actions as JNK inhibitor and NO-donor, the therapeutic potential of IQ-1S was evaluated in an animal stroke model. We subjected wild-type C57BL6 mice to focal ischemia (30min) with subsequent reperfusion (48h). Mice were treated with IQ-1S (25mg/kg) suspended in 10% solutol or with vehicle alone 30min before and 24h after middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion (MCAO). Using laser-Doppler flowmetry, we monitored cerebral blood flow (CBF) above the MCA during 30min of MCAO provoked by a filament and during the first 30min of subsequent reperfusion. In mice treated with IQ-1S, ischemic and reperfusion values of CBF were not different from vehicle-treated mice. However, IQ-1S treated mice demonstrated markedly reduced neurological deficit and infarct volumes as compared with vehicle-treated mice after 48h of reperfusion. Our results indicate that the novel JNK inhibitor releases NO during its oxidoreductive bioconversion and improves stroke outcome in a mouse model of cerebral reperfusion. We conclude that IQ-1S is a promising dual functional agent for the treatment of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy N Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 East 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul 656038, Russia
| | | | - Helen Swanson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 East 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Paul L Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 East 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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