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Luber B, Beynel L, Spellman T, Gura H, Ploesser M, Termini K, Lisanby SH. Effects of Online Single Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices in Deceptive Processing: A Preliminary Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:883337. [PMID: 35795258 PMCID: PMC9250982 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.883337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to test the functional role of parietal and prefrontal cortical regions activated during a playing card Guilty Knowledge Task (GKT). Single-pulse TMS was applied to 15 healthy volunteers at each of three target sites: left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and midline parietal cortex. TMS pulses were applied at each of five latencies (from 0 to 480 ms) after the onset of a card stimulus. TMS applied to the parietal cortex exerted a latency-specific increase in inverse efficiency score and in reaction time when subjects were instructed to lie relative to when asked to respond with the truth, and this effect was specific to when TMS was applied at 240 ms after stimulus onset. No effects of TMS were detected at left or right DLPFC sites. This manipulation with TMS of performance in a deception task appears to support a critical role for the parietal cortex in intentional false responding, particularly in stimulus selection processes needed to execute a deceptive response in the context of a GKT. However, this interpretation is only preliminary, as further experiments are needed to compare performance within and outside of a deceptive context to clarify the effects of deceptive intent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Luber
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Bruce Luber
| | - Lysianne Beynel
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Timothy Spellman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Hannah Gura
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Markus Ploesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kate Termini
- Clinical and Forensic Psychology, Fifth Avenue Forensics, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sarah H. Lisanby
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Hietanen JO, Syrjämäki AH, Zilliacus PK, Hietanen JK. Eye contact reduces lying. Conscious Cogn 2018; 66:65-73. [PMID: 30408602 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The perception of watching eyes has been found to reduce dishonest behavior. This effect, however, has only been shown in situations where it can be explained by increased adherence to rules and norms, and thus a watching-eyes effect on dishonesty per se has not been demonstrated. Moreover, the effect has been investigated only with images of watching eyes, not in an interactive situation with a live person, which may arguably have different effects on behavior. In the present study, the effect of watching eyes on dishonesty was investigated with an interactive computer game of lying. Participants played the game against a confederate, whom they believed to be another participant. On each trial, they were briefly presented with a view of the confederate, after which they chose whether to lie in the game. The confederate alternated between the use of direct and downward gaze. The results showed that another individual's direct gaze reduced lying in the game. The findings have implications for both everyday and professional situations, such as clinical conversations and police interrogations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonne O Hietanen
- Human Information Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere FI-33014, Finland
| | - Aleksi H Syrjämäki
- Human Information Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere FI-33014, Finland
| | - Patrick K Zilliacus
- Human Information Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere FI-33014, Finland
| | - Jari K Hietanen
- Human Information Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere FI-33014, Finland.
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Aïte A, Houdé O, Borst G. Stop in the name of lies: The cost of blocking the truth to deceive. Conscious Cogn 2018; 65:141-151. [PMID: 30176515 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most researchers assume that deception involves a conflict between a predominant truth response and a deliberate deceptive response. Such a view is consistent with dual process theories that state that high-order cognition operates through fast-automatic processes that may conflict with slow-deliberate ones. In the present study, we tested whether one must inhibit the truth to deceive in light of inconsistent findings in the literature. One hundred and eighty-nine participants were tested across two Negative Priming paradigms that rest on the logic that the activation of a fast-automatic process will be hampered on a given display if it is inhibited on the previous display. Our findings suggest that truthful responses are predominant in healthy adults, which is why inhibitory control is required to activate a deliberate deceptive mode. We argue that the findings from deception studies could be best accounted for by dual process theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania Aïte
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, CNRS Unit 8240, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University (USPC), Paris, France; University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France.
| | - Olivier Houdé
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, CNRS Unit 8240, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University (USPC), Paris, France; University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Borst
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, CNRS Unit 8240, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University (USPC), Paris, France; University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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Mameli F, Scarpazza C, Tomasini E, Ferrucci R, Ruggiero F, Sartori G, Priori A. The guilty brain: the utility of neuroimaging and neurostimulation studies in forensic field. Rev Neurosci 2018; 28:161-172. [PMID: 28030362 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have aimed to address the natural inability of humankind to detect deception and accurately discriminate lying from truth in the legal context. To date, it has been well established that telling a lie is a complex mental activity. During deception, many functions of higher cognition are involved: the decision to lie, withholding the truth, fabricating the lie, monitoring whether the receiver believes the lie, and, if necessary, adjusting the fabricated story and maintaining a consistent lie. In the previous 15 years, increasing interest in the neuroscience of deception has resulted in new possibilities to investigate and interfere with the ability to lie directly from the brain. Cognitive psychology, as well as neuroimaging and neurostimulation studies, are increasing the possibility that neuroscience will be useful for lie detection. This paper discusses the scientific validity of the literature on neuroimaging and neurostimulation regarding lie detection to understand whether scientific findings in this field have a role in the forensic setting. We considered how lie detection technology may contribute to addressing the detection of deception in the courtroom and discussed the conditions and limits in which these techniques reliably distinguish whether an individual is lying.
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Wu Y, Tian X. Regional homogeneity of intrinsic brain activity correlates with justice sensitivity. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kireev M, Korotkov A, Medvedeva N, Masharipov R, Medvedev S. Deceptive but Not Honest Manipulative Actions Are Associated with Increased Interaction between Middle and Inferior Frontal gyri. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:482. [PMID: 28912675 PMCID: PMC5583606 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex is believed to be responsible for execution of deceptive behavior and its involvement is associated with greater cognitive efforts. It is also generally assumed that deception is associated with the inhibition of default honest actions. However, the precise neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unknown. The present study was aimed to use functional magnetic resonance imaging to reveal the underlying functional integration within the prefrontal cortex during the task which requires that subjects to deliberately mislead an opponent through the sequential execution of deceptive and honest claims. To address this issue, we performed psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis, which allows for statistical assessment of changes in functional relationships between active brain areas in changing psychological contexts. As a result the whole brain PPI-analysis established that both manipulative honest and deceptive claiming were associated with an increase in connectivity between the left middle frontal gyrus and right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ). Taking into account the role played by rTPJ in processes associated with the theory of mind the revealed data can reflect possible influence of socio-cognitive context on the process of selecting manipulative claiming regardless their honest or deceptive nature. Direct comparison between deceptive and honest claims revealed pattern enhancement of coupling between the left middle frontal gyrus and the left inferior frontal gyrus. This finding provided evidence that the execution of deception relies to a greater extent on higher-order hierarchically-organized brain mechanisms of executive control required to select between two competing deceptive or honest task sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Kireev
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of SciencesSt. Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, St. Petersburg State UniversitySt. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Korotkov
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of SciencesSt. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Medvedeva
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of SciencesSt. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ruslan Masharipov
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of SciencesSt. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svyatoslav Medvedev
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of SciencesSt. Petersburg, Russia
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Karton I, Bachmann T. Disrupting dorsolateral prefrontal cortex by rTMS reduces the P300 based marker of deception. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00656. [PMID: 28413707 PMCID: PMC5390839 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quite many studies have revealed certain brain-process signatures indicative of subject's deceptive behavior. These signatures are neural correlates of deception. However, much less is known about whether these signatures can be modified by noninvasive brain stimulation techniques representing methods of causal intervention of brain processes and the corresponding behavior. Our purpose was to explore whether such methods have an effect on these signatures. METHODS It is well known that electroencephalographic event-related potential component, P300, is sensitive to perception of critical items in a concealed information test, one of the central methods in deception studies. We examined whether the relative level of expression of P300 as a neural marker of deception can be manipulated by means of noninvasive neuromodulation. We used EEG/ERP recording combined with (i) neuronavigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and (ii) concealed information detection test. An opportunistically recruited volunteer group of normal adults formed our experimental group. RESULTS We show that offline rTMS to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex attenuated relative P300 amplitude in response to the critical items compared to the neutral items. CONCLUSION Noninvasive prefrontal cortex excitability disruption by rTMS can be used to manipulate the sensitivity of ERP signatures of deception to critical items in a concealment-based variant of lie detection test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Karton
- Institute of Psychology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia.,Department of Penal Law School of Law University of Tartu (Tallinn branch) Tallinn Estonia.,Estonian National Defence College Tartu Estonia
| | - Talis Bachmann
- Department of Penal Law School of Law University of Tartu (Tallinn branch) Tallinn Estonia
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