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Wójcik J, Kochański B, Cieśla K, Lewandowska M, Karpiesz L, Niedziałek I, Raj-Koziak D, Skarżyński PH, Wolak T. An MR spectroscopy study of temporal areas excluding primary auditory cortex and frontal regions in subjective bilateral and unilateral tinnitus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18417. [PMID: 37891242 PMCID: PMC10611771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicate changes in neurotransmission along the auditory pathway in subjective tinnitus. Most authors, however, investigated brain regions including the primary auditory cortex, whose physiology can be affected by concurrent hearing deficits. In the present MR spectroscopy study we assumed increased levels of glutamate and glutamine (Glx), and other Central Nervous System metabolites in the temporal lobe outside the primary auditory cortex, in a region involved in conscious auditory perception and memory. We studied 52 participants with unilateral (n = 24) and bilateral (n = 28) tinnitus, and a control group without tinnitus (n = 25), all with no severe hearing losses and a similar hearing profile. None of the metabolite levels in the temporal regions of interest were found related to tinnitus status or laterality. Unexpectedly, we found a tendency of increased concentration of Glx in the control left medial frontal region in bilateral vs unilateral tinnitus. Slightly elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms were also shown in participants with tinnitus, as compared to healthy individuals, with the bilateral tinnitus group marginally more affected. We discuss no apparent effect in the temporal lobes, as well as the role of frontal brain areas, with respect to hearing loss, attention and psychological well-being in chronic tinnitus. We furthermore elaborate on the design-related and technical obstacles of MR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wójcik
- Bioimaging Research Center, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Mokra 17 Street, Kajetany, 05-830, Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kochański
- Bioimaging Research Center, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Mokra 17 Street, Kajetany, 05-830, Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Cieśla
- Bioimaging Research Center, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Mokra 17 Street, Kajetany, 05-830, Nadarzyn, Poland.
| | - Monika Lewandowska
- Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Fosa Staromiejska 1a Street, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Lucyna Karpiesz
- Tinnitus Department, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Mokra 17 Street, Kajetany, 05-830, Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Iwona Niedziałek
- Tinnitus Department, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Mokra 17 Street, Kajetany, 05-830, Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Danuta Raj-Koziak
- Tinnitus Department, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Mokra 17 Street, Kajetany, 05-830, Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Henryk Skarżyński
- Department of Teleaudiology and Screening, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Mokra 17 Street, Kajetany, 05-830, Nadarzyn, Poland
- Institute of Sensory Organs, Mokra 1 Street, Kajetany, 05-830, Nadarzyn, Poland
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Kondratowicza 8 Street, 03-242, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wolak
- Bioimaging Research Center, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Mokra 17 Street, Kajetany, 05-830, Nadarzyn, Poland
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Zhong W, Zheng W, Ji X. Spatial Distribution of Inhibitory Innervations of Excitatory Pyramidal Cells by Major Interneuron Subtypes in the Auditory Cortex. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050547. [PMID: 37237617 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders, characterized by the National Institute of Mental Health as disruptions in neural circuitry, currently account for 13% of the global incidence of such disorders. An increasing number of studies suggest that imbalances between excitatory and inhibitory neurons in neural networks may be a crucial mechanism underlying mental disorders. However, the spatial distribution of inhibitory interneurons in the auditory cortex (ACx) and their relationship with excitatory pyramidal cells (PCs) remain elusive. In this study, we employed a combination of optogenetics, transgenic mice, and patch-clamp recording on brain slices to investigate the microcircuit characteristics of different interneurons (PV, SOM, and VIP) and the spatial pattern of inhibitory inhibition across layers 2/3 to 6 in the ACx. Our findings revealed that PV interneurons provide the strongest and most localized inhibition with no cross-layer innervation or layer specificity. Conversely, SOM and VIP interneurons weakly regulate PC activity over a broader range, exhibiting distinct spatial inhibitory preferences. Specifically, SOM inhibitions are preferentially found in deep infragranular layers, while VIP inhibitions predominantly occur in upper supragranular layers. PV inhibitions are evenly distributed across all layers. These results suggest that the input from inhibitory interneurons to PCs manifests in unique ways, ensuring that both strong and weak inhibitory inputs are evenly dispersed throughout the ACx, thereby maintaining a dynamic excitation-inhibition balance. Our findings contribute to understanding the spatial inhibitory characteristics of PCs and inhibitory interneurons in the ACx at the circuit level, which holds significant clinical implications for identifying and targeting abnormal circuits in auditory system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenhong Zheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuying Ji
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Can GABAkines Quiet the Noise? The GABAA Receptor Neurobiology and Pharmacology of Tinnitus. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Exploring pathogenesis in subjects with subjective Tinnitus having kidney deficiency pattern in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine based on serum metabolic profiles. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(18)30918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Central Compensation in Auditory Brainstem after Damaging Noise Exposure. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-CFN-0250-18. [PMID: 30123822 PMCID: PMC6096756 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0250-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise exposure is one of the most common causes of hearing loss and peripheral damage to the auditory system. A growing literature suggests that the auditory system can compensate for peripheral loss through increased central neural activity. The current study sought to investigate the link between noise exposure, increases in central gain, synaptic reorganization, and auditory function. All axons of the auditory nerve project to the cochlear nucleus, making it a requisite nucleus for sound detection. As the first synapse in the central auditory system, the cochlear nucleus is well positioned to respond plastically to loss of peripheral input. To investigate noise-induced compensation in the central auditory system, we measured auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and auditory perception and collected tissue from mice exposed to broadband noise. Noise-exposed mice showed elevated ABR thresholds, reduced ABR wave 1 amplitudes, and spiral ganglion neuron loss. Despite peripheral damage, noise-exposed mice were hyperreactive to loud sounds and showed nearly normal behavioral sound detection thresholds. Ratios of late ABR peaks (2–4) relative to the first ABR peak indicated that brainstem pathways were hyperactive in noise-exposed mice, while anatomical analysis indicated there was an imbalance between expression of excitatory and inhibitory proteins in the ventral cochlear nucleus. The results of the current study suggest that a reorganization of excitation and inhibition in the ventral cochlear nucleus may drive hyperactivity in the central auditory system. This increase in central gain can compensate for peripheral loss to restore some aspects of auditory function.
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Kapolowicz MR, Thompson LT. Acute high-intensity noise induces rapid Arc protein expression but fails to rapidly change GAD expression in amygdala and hippocampus of rats: Effects of treatment with D-cycloserine. Hear Res 2016; 342:69-79. [PMID: 27702572 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tinnitus is a devastating auditory disorder impacting a growing number of people each year. The aims of the current experiment were to assess neuronal mechanisms involved in the initial plasticity after traumatic noise exposure that could contribute to the emergence of tinnitus and to test a potential pharmacological treatment to alter this early neural plasticity. Specifically, this study addressed rapid effects of acute noise trauma on amygdalo-hippocampal circuitry, characterizing biomarkers of both excitation and inhibition in these limbic regions, and compared them to expression of these same markers in primary auditory cortex shortly after acute noise trauma. To assess excitatory plasticity, activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated (Arc) protein expression was evaluated in male rats 45 min after bilateral exposure to acute high-intensity noise (16 kHz, 115 dB SPL, for 1 h), sufficient to cause acute cochlear trauma, a common cause of tinnitus in humans and previously shown sufficient to induce tinnitus in rat models of this auditory neuropathology. Western blot analyses confirmed that up-regulation of amygdalo-hippocampal Arc expression occurred rapidly post-noise trauma, corroborating several lines of evidence from our own and other laboratories indicating that limbic brain structures, i.e. outside of the classical auditory pathways, exhibit plasticity early in the initiation of tinnitus. Western blot analyses revealed no noise-induced changes in amygdalo-hippocampal expression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), the biosynthetic enzyme required for GABAergic inhibition. No changes in either Arc or GAD protein expression were observed in primary auditory cortex in this immediate post-noise exposure period, confirming other reports that auditory cortical plasticity may not occur until later in the development of tinnitus. As a further control, our experiments compared Arc protein expression between groups exposed to the quiet background of a sound-proof chamber to those exposed not only to the traumatic noise described above, but also to an intermediate, non-traumatic noise level (70 dB SPL) for the same duration in each of these three brain regions. We found that non-traumatic noise did not up-regulate Arc protein expression in these brain regions. To see if changes in Arc expression due to acute traumatic noise exposure were stress-related, we compared circulating serum corticosterone in controls and rats exposed to traumatic noise at the time when changes in Arc were observed, and found no significant differences in this stress hormone in our experimental conditions. Finally, the ability of D-cycloserine (DCS; an NMDA-receptor NR1 partial agonist) to reduce or prevent the noise trauma-related plastic changes in the biomarker, Arc, was tested. D-cycloserine prevented traumatic noise-induced up-regulation of Arc protein expression in amygdala but not in hippocampus, suggesting that DCS alone is not fully effective in eliminating regionally-specific early plastic changes after traumatic noise exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Kapolowicz
- Behavioral & Brain Sciences, Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800W. Campbell Rd., BSB 14, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - L T Thompson
- Behavioral & Brain Sciences, Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800W. Campbell Rd., BSB 14, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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Zheng Y, Smithies H, Aitken P, Gliddon C, Stiles L, Darlington CL, Smith PF. Cell proliferation in the cochlear nucleus following acoustic trauma in rat. Neuroscience 2015; 303:524-34. [PMID: 26192094 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have suggested that surgical lesions of the rat cochlea induce cell proliferation in the cochlear nucleus (CN) that may be related to neurogenesis. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the nature of cell proliferation in the CN, following acoustic trauma that has previously been shown to induce tinnitus in rats. Rats were subjected either to a unilateral acoustic trauma (16-kHz pure tone, 115dB for 1h under anesthesia) or a sham procedure. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry was used to measure cell proliferation and newborn cell survival; an antibody to interleukin-6 was used to investigate inflammatory responses; and double immunolabeling for BrdU and Ki-67, BrdU and CD-11b, and BrdU and doublecortin (DCX), was used to investigate the origin of the proliferating cells. There was a time-dependent increase in the number of BrdU(+ve) cells in the CN following acoustic trauma; however, the number of BrdU(+ve) cells that survived was comparable to that of control animals at 4 weeks post-trauma. Cell proliferation was unlikely to be due to proliferating inflammatory cells as a result of a trauma-induced inflammatory response as the IL-6 expression level was comparable between sham and exposed groups. Immunolabeling revealed the BrdU(+ve) cells to co-express Ki-67 and DCX, but not CD-11b. However, there was no difference in DCX expression between sham and exposed animals. The results suggest that DCX-expressing cells in the CN may proliferate in response to acoustic trauma; however, the proportion of cells proliferating and the survival rate of the newborn cells may not support functional neurogenesis in the CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zheng
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medical Sciences and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - H Smithies
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medical Sciences and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - P Aitken
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medical Sciences and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - C Gliddon
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medical Sciences and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - L Stiles
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medical Sciences and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - C L Darlington
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medical Sciences and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - P F Smith
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medical Sciences and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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