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Rajendran Nair DS, Camarillo JCM, Lu G, Thomas BB. Measuring spatial visual loss in rats by retinotopic mapping of the superior colliculus using a novel multi-electrode array technique. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 405:110095. [PMID: 38403001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The retinotopic map property of the superior colliculus (SC) is a reliable indicator of visual functional changes in rodents. Electrophysiological mapping of the SC using a single electrode has been employed for measuring visual function in rat and mouse disease models. Single electrode mapping is highly laborious requiring long-term exposure to the SC surface and prolonged anesthetic conditions that can adversely affect the mapping data. NEW METHOD To avoid the above-mentioned issues, we fabricated a fifty-six (56) electrode multi-electrode array (MEA) for rapid and reliable visual functional mapping of the SC. Since SC is a dome-shaped structure, the array was made of electrodes with dissimilar tip lengths to enable simultaneous and uniform penetration of the SC. RESULTS SC mapping using the new MEA was conducted in retinal degenerate (RD) Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats and rats with focal retinal damage induced by green diode laser. For SC mapping, the MEA was advanced into the SC surface and the visual activities were recorded during full-filed light stimulation of the eye. Based on the morphological examination, the MEA electrodes covered most of the exposed SC area and penetrated the SC surface at a relatively uniform depth. MEA mapping in RCS rats (n=9) demonstrated progressive development of a scotoma in the SC that corresponded to the degree of photoreceptor loss. MEA mapping in the laser damaged rats demonstrated the presence of a scotoma in the SC area that corresponded to the location of retinal laser injury. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS AND CONCLUSIONS The use of MEA for SC mapping is advantageous over single electrode recording by enabling faster recordings and reducing anesthesia time. This study establishes the feasibility of the MEA technique for rapid and efficient SC mapping, particularly advantageous for evaluating therapeutic effects in retinal degenerate rat disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi S Rajendran Nair
- Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Juan Carlos-Martinez Camarillo
- Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, United States; USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Gengxi Lu
- Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Biju B Thomas
- Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, United States; USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, United States.
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Tsai ET, Peng SY, Wu YR, Lin TC, Chen CY, Liu YH, Tseng YH, Hsiao YJ, Tseng HC, Lai WY, Lin YY, Yang YP, Chiou SH, Chen SP, Chien Y. HLA-Homozygous iPSC-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Rescue Rotenone-Induced Experimental Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy-like Models In Vitro and In Vivo. Cells 2023; 12:2617. [PMID: 37998352 PMCID: PMC10670753 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promise for cell-based therapy, yet the sourcing, quality, and invasive methods of MSCs impede their mass production and quality control. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived MSCs (iMSCs) can be infinitely expanded, providing advantages over conventional MSCs in terms of meeting unmet clinical demands. METHODS The potential of MSC therapy for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) remains uncertain. In this study, we used HLA-homozygous induced pluripotent stem cells to generate iMSCs using a defined protocol, and we examined their therapeutic potential in rotenone-induced LHON-like models in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The iMSCs did not cause any tumorigenic incidence or inflammation-related lesions after intravitreal transplantation, and they remained viable for at least nine days in the mouse recipient's eyes. In addition, iMSCs exhibited significant efficacy in safeguarding retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from rotenone-induced cytotoxicity in vitro, and they ameliorated CGL+IPL layer thinning and RGC loss in vivo. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and an electroretinogram demonstrated that iMSCs not only prevented RGC loss and impairments to the retinal architecture, but they also improved retinal electrophysiology performance. CONCLUSION The generation of iMSCs via the HLA homozygosity of iPSCs offers a compelling avenue for overcoming the current limitations of MSC-based therapies. The results underscore the potential of iMSCs when addressing retinal disorders, and they highlight their clinical significance, offering renewed hope for individuals affected by LHON and other inherited retinal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Tung Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (E.-T.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Shih-Yuan Peng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - You-Ren Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chi Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Yu-Hao Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Yu-Hsin Tseng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Yu-Jer Hsiao
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Chin Tseng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Wei-Yi Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Yi-Ying Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (E.-T.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (E.-T.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Y.-R.W.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
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Tawarayama H, Inoue-Yanagimachi M, Himori N, Nakazawa T. Glial cells modulate retinal cell survival in rotenone-induced neural degeneration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11159. [PMID: 34045544 PMCID: PMC8159960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90604-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone provides an excellent model to study the pathomechanism of oxidative stress-related neural degeneration diseases. In this study, we examined the glial roles in retinal cell survival and degeneration under the rotenone-induced oxidative stress condition. Mouse-derived Müller, microglial (BV-2), and dissociated retinal cells were used for in vitro experiments. Gene expression levels and cell viability were determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the alamarBlue assay, respectively. Conditioned media were prepared by stimulating glial cells with rotenone. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and inner nuclear layer (INL) were visualized on rat retinal sections by immunohistochemistry and eosin/hematoxylin, respectively. Rotenone dose-dependently induced glial cell death. Treatment with rotenone or rotenone-stimulated glial cell-conditioned media altered gene expression of growth factors and inflammatory cytokines in glial cells. The viability of dissociated retinal cells significantly increased upon culturing in media conditioned with rotenone-stimulated or Müller cell-conditioned media-stimulated BV-2 cells. Furthermore, intravitreal neurotrophin-5 administration prevented the rotenone-induced reduction of RGC number and INL thickness in rats. Thus, glial cells exerted both positive and negative effects on retinal cell survival in rotenone-induced neural degeneration via altered expression of growth factors, especially upregulation of microglia-derived Ntf5, and proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tawarayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Maki Inoue-Yanagimachi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Noriko Himori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. .,Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. .,Collaborative Program of Ophthalmic Drug Discovery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. .,Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. .,Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
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Veys L, Vandenabeele M, Ortuño-Lizarán I, Baekelandt V, Cuenca N, Moons L, De Groef L. Retinal α-synuclein deposits in Parkinson's disease patients and animal models. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:379-395. [PMID: 30721408 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-01956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, accurate diagnosis of Parkinson's disease remains a challenge, and disease-modifying treatments are still lacking. Research into the early (presymptomatic) stages of Parkinson's disease and the discovery of novel biomarkers is of utmost importance to reduce this burden and to come to a more accurate diagnosis at the very onset of the disease. Many have speculated that non-motor symptoms could provide a breakthrough in the quest for early biomarkers of Parkinson's disease, including the visual disturbances and retinal abnormalities that are seen in the majority of Parkinson's disease patients. An expanding number of clinical studies have investigated the use of in vivo assessments of retinal structure, electrophysiological function, and vision-driven tasks as novel means for identifying patients at risk that need further neurological examination and for longitudinal follow-up of disease progression in Parkinson's disease patients. Often, the results of these studies have been interpreted in relation to α-synuclein deposits and dopamine deficiency in the retina, mirroring the defining pathological features of Parkinson's disease in the brain. To better understand the visual defects seen in Parkinson's disease patients and to propel the use of retinal changes as biomarkers for Parkinson's disease, however, more conclusive neuropathological evidence for the presence of retinal α-synuclein aggregates, and its relation to the cerebral α-synuclein burden, is urgently needed. This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of the research conducted to unveil α-synuclein aggregates in the retina of Parkinson's disease patients and animal models, and thereby aims to aid the ongoing discussion about the potential use of the retinal changes and/or visual symptoms as biomarkers for Parkinson's disease.
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López-Gallardo E, Emperador S, Hernández-Ainsa C, Montoya J, Bayona-Bafaluy MP, Ruiz-Pesini E. Food derived respiratory complex I inhibitors modify the effect of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy mutations. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:89-97. [PMID: 29991444 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA mutations in genes encoding respiratory complex I polypeptides can cause Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Toxics affecting oxidative phosphorylation system can also cause mitochondrial optic neuropathy. Some complex I inhibitors found in edible plants might differentially interact with these pathologic mutations and modify their penetrance. To analyze this interaction, we have compared the effect of rotenone, capsaicin and rolliniastatin-1 on cybrids harboring the most frequent Leber hereditary optic neuropathy mutations and found that m.3460G > A mutation increases rotenone resistance but capsaicin and rolliniastatin-1 susceptibility. Thus, to explain the pathogenicity of mitochondrial diseases due to mitochondrial DNA mutations, their potential interactions with environment factors will have to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester López-Gallardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular. Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas En Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Sonia Emperador
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular. Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas En Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Carmen Hernández-Ainsa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular. Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Julio Montoya
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular. Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas En Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - M Pilar Bayona-Bafaluy
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular. Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas En Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular. Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas En Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Zaragoza, Spain; Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Ruiz-Pesini E, Emperador S, López-Gallardo E, Hernández-Ainsa C, Montoya J. Increasing mtDNA levels as therapy for mitochondrial optic neuropathies. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:493-498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Manickam AH, Michael MJ, Ramasamy S. Mitochondrial genetics and therapeutic overview of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Indian J Ophthalmol 2017; 65:1087-1092. [PMID: 29133631 PMCID: PMC5700573 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_358_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a common inherited mitochondrial disorder that is characterized by the degeneration of the optic nerves, leading to vision loss. The major mutations in the mitochondrial genes ND1, ND4, and ND6 of LHON subjects are found to increase the oxidative stress experienced by the optic nerve cell, thereby leading to nerve cell damage. Accurate treatments are not available and drugs that are commercially available like Idebenone, EPI-743, and Bendavia with their antioxidant role help in reducing the oxidative stress experienced by the cell thereby preventing the progression of the disease. Genetic counseling plays an effective role in making the family members aware of the inheritance pattern of the disease. Gene therapy is an alternative for curing the disease but is still under study. This review focuses on the role of mitochondrial genes in causing LHON and therapeutics available for treating the disease. A systematic search has been adopted in various databases using the keywords "LHON," "mitochondria," "ND1," "ND4," "ND6," and "therapy" and the following review on mitochondrial genetics and therapeutics of LHON has been developed with obtained articles from 1988 to 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agaath Hedina Manickam
- Molecular Genetics and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tami Nadu, India
| | - Minu Jenifer Michael
- Molecular Genetics and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tami Nadu, India
| | - Sivasamy Ramasamy
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tami Nadu, India
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