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Englisch CN, Kirstein E, Diebolt CM, Wagner M, Tschernig T. Distribution of TRPC3 and TRPC6 in the human exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155403. [PMID: 38870712 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression and function of TRPC3 and TRPC6 in the pancreas is a controversial topic. Investigation in human tissue is seldom. We aimed to provide here a detailed description of the distribution of TRPC3 and TRPC6 in the human exocrine and endocrine pancreas. METHODS We collected healthy samples from cadavers (n = 4) and visceral surgery (n = 4) to investigate the respective expression profiles using immunohistochemical tracing with knockout-validated antibodies. RESULTS TRPC3- and TRPC6-proteins were detected in different pancreatic structures including acinar cells, as well as epithelial ductal cells from intercalate, intralobular, and interlobular ducts. Respective connective tissue layers appeared unstained. Endocrine islets of Langerhans were clearly and homogenously immunolabeled by the anti-TRPC3 and anti-TRPC6 antibodies. Insular α, β, γ, and δ cells were conclusively stained, although no secure differentiation of cell types was performed. CONCLUSIONS Due to aforementioned antibody specificity verification, protein expression in the immunolabeled localizations can be accepted. Our study in human tissue supports previous investigations especially with respect to acinar and insular α and β cells, while other localizations are here reported for the first time to express TRPC3 and TRPC6, ultimately warranting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colya N Englisch
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany.
| | - Emilie Kirstein
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Coline M Diebolt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Mathias Wagner
- Department of General and Special Pathology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
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Amaya-Rodriguez CA, Carvajal-Zamorano K, Bustos D, Alegría-Arcos M, Castillo K. A journey from molecule to physiology and in silico tools for drug discovery targeting the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channel. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1251061. [PMID: 38328578 PMCID: PMC10847257 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1251061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The heat and capsaicin receptor TRPV1 channel is widely expressed in nerve terminals of dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and trigeminal ganglia innervating the body and face, respectively, as well as in other tissues and organs including central nervous system. The TRPV1 channel is a versatile receptor that detects harmful heat, pain, and various internal and external ligands. Hence, it operates as a polymodal sensory channel. Many pathological conditions including neuroinflammation, cancer, psychiatric disorders, and pathological pain, are linked to the abnormal functioning of the TRPV1 in peripheral tissues. Intense biomedical research is underway to discover compounds that can modulate the channel and provide pain relief. The molecular mechanisms underlying temperature sensing remain largely unknown, although they are closely linked to pain transduction. Prolonged exposure to capsaicin generates analgesia, hence numerous capsaicin analogs have been developed to discover efficient analgesics for pain relief. The emergence of in silico tools offered significant techniques for molecular modeling and machine learning algorithms to indentify druggable sites in the channel and for repositioning of current drugs aimed at TRPV1. Here we recapitulate the physiological and pathophysiological functions of the TRPV1 channel, including structural models obtained through cryo-EM, pharmacological compounds tested on TRPV1, and the in silico tools for drug discovery and repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar A. Amaya-Rodriguez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Departamento de Fisiología y Comportamiento Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Karina Carvajal-Zamorano
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Daniel Bustos
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Química Computacional, Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Melissa Alegría-Arcos
- Núcleo de Investigación en Data Science, Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Castillo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
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3
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Innervation of the human minor salivary glands; immunohistochemical study for neurochemical substances. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Joussain C, Le Coz O, Pichugin A, Marconi P, Lim F, Sicurella M, Foster K, Giuliano F, Epstein AL, Aranda Muñoz A. Development and Assessment of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Amplicon Vectors with Sensory Neuron-Selective Promoters. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158474. [PMID: 35955608 PMCID: PMC9369297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) is a severe pathological condition characterized by involuntary detrusor contractions leading to urine leakage. This condition is frequent after spinal cord injury (SCI). Gene therapy for NDO requires the development of vectors that express therapeutic transgenes driven by sensory neuron-specific promoters. The aim of this study was to develop and assess tools for the characterization of sensory neuron-specific promoters in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons after transduction with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-based amplicon defective vectors. Methods: The HSV-1 vector genome encoded two independent transcription cassettes: one expressed firefly luciferase (FLuc) driven by different promoters’ candidates (rTRPV1, rASIC3, rCGRP, or hCGRP), and the other expressed a reporter gene driven by an invariable promoter. The strength and selectivity of promoters was assessed in organotypic cultures of explanted adult DRG, or sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia from control and SCI rats. Results: The rCGRP promoter induced selective expression in the DRG of normal rats. The rTRPV-1 promoter, which did not display selective activity in control rats, induced selective expression in DRG explanted from SCI rats. Conclusions: This study provides a methodology to assess sensory neuron-specific promoters, opening new perspectives for future gene therapy for NDO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Joussain
- UMR INSERM U1179—Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines/Paris Saclay, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, 2, Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; (C.J.); (O.L.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (A.A.M.)
- Neuro-Urology R. Poincaré Hospital AP-HP, 104 bvd R. Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
- Ipsen Innovation SAS, 5 Avenue du Canada, Zone Industrielle de Courtaboeuf, 91940 Les Ulis, France
| | - Olivier Le Coz
- UMR INSERM U1179—Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines/Paris Saclay, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, 2, Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; (C.J.); (O.L.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Andrey Pichugin
- UMR INSERM U1179—Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines/Paris Saclay, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, 2, Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; (C.J.); (O.L.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Peggy Marconi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DOCPAS), Via Luigi Borsari, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (P.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Filip Lim
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), CSIC-UAM, Calle Nicolas Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mariaconcetta Sicurella
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DOCPAS), Via Luigi Borsari, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (P.M.); (M.S.)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Urological Research Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Keith Foster
- Ipsen Bioinnovation Ltd., 102 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RY, UK;
| | - François Giuliano
- UMR INSERM U1179—Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines/Paris Saclay, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, 2, Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; (C.J.); (O.L.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (A.A.M.)
- Neuro-Urology R. Poincaré Hospital AP-HP, 104 bvd R. Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
| | - Alberto L. Epstein
- UMR INSERM U1179—Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines/Paris Saclay, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, 2, Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; (C.J.); (O.L.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (A.A.M.)
- EG427, Pépinière Hôpital Cochin, 29 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Alejandro Aranda Muñoz
- UMR INSERM U1179—Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines/Paris Saclay, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, 2, Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; (C.J.); (O.L.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (A.A.M.)
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Sato T, Yajima T, Kokubun S, Tachiya D, Ichikawa H. Distribution of neuronal cells which contain dopamine β-hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the human internal carotid nerve. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:1277-1286. [PMID: 34486238 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The human internal carotid nerve (ICN) occasionally has a swelling beneath the external opening of the carotid canal. In this study, the presence and distribution of neuronal cells were investigated in the bilateral ICNs of nine human cadavers. Among 44.4% of the cadavers, swellings were detected in the ICN. Their diameters ranged from 1.7 to 3.6 mm (average ± SD = 2.6 ± 0.7 mm). Thirty-eight percent of these swellings were large (diameter > 3 mm) and showed an oval shape. The large swelling contained many neuronal cells. However, the ICNs with or without a swelling <3 mm diameter were mostly free from neuronal cells (93.3%). Only in one human cadaver, the right ICN without a swelling had a small number of neuronal cells. By the present immunohistochemical method, ICN neurons contained catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes and neuropeptides. Dopamine-beta hydroxylase- and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactivity were mostly expressed by ICN neurons. More than half of them also contained neuropeptide Y-immunoreactivity. However, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive ICN neurons were relatively infrequent. Substance P- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive ICN neurons could not be detected. By the cell size analysis, neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive neurons were significantly smaller than neuropeptide Y-immunonegative neurons in the ICN. The present study suggests that ICN neurons have a sympathetic function in the human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadasu Sato
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yajima
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Souichi Kokubun
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tachiya
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ichikawa
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Kawashima M, Yajima T, Tachiya D, Kokubun S, Ichikawa H, Sato T. Parasympathetic neurons in the human submandibular ganglion. Tissue Cell 2021; 70:101496. [PMID: 33517097 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The submandibular ganglion (SMG) contains parasympathetic neurons which innervate the submandibular gland. In this study, immunohistochemistry for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V members 1 (TRPV1) and 2 (TRPV2) was performed on the human SMG. In the SMG, 17.5 % and 8.9 % of parasympathetic neurons were immunoreactive for VIP and TRPV2, respectively. SMG neurons mostly contained ChAT- and DBH-immunoreactivity. In addition, subpopulations of SMG neurons were surrounded by VIP (69.6 %)-, TRPV2 (54.4 %)- and DBH (9.5 %)-immunoreactive (-ir) nerve fibers. SMG neurons with pericellular VIP- and TRPV2-ir nerve fibers were significantly larger than VIP- and TRPV2-ir SMG neurons, respectively. Other neurochemical substances were rare in the SMG. In the human submandibular gland, TRPV1- and TRPV2-ir nerve fiber profiles were seen around blood vessels. Double fluorescence method also demonstrated that TRPV2-ir nerve fiber profiles were located around myoepithelial and acinar cells in the submandibular gland. VIP and TRPV2 are probably expressed by both pre- and post-ganglionic neurons innervating the submandibular and sublingual glands. VIP, DBH and TRPV2 may have functions about regulation of salivary components in the salivary glands and neuronal activity in the SMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuko Kawashima
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yajima
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tachiya
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Souichi Kokubun
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ichikawa
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tadasu Sato
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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7
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Atsumi K, Yajima T, Tachiya D, Kokubun S, Shoji N, Sasano T, Ichikawa H, Sato T. Sensory neurons in the human jugular ganglion. Tissue Cell 2020; 64:101344. [PMID: 32473709 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The jugular ganglion (JG) contains sensory neurons of the vagus nerve which innervate somatic and visceral structures in cranial and cervical regions. In this study, the number of sensory neurons in the human JG was investigated. And, the morphology of sensory neurons in the human JG and nodose ganglion (NG) was compared. The estimated number of JG neurons was 2721.8-9301.1 (average number of sensory neurons ± S.D. = 7975.1 ± 3312.8). There was no significant difference in sizes of the neuronal cell body and nucleus within the JG (cell body, 1128.8 ± 99.7 μ m2; nucleus, 127.7 ± 20.8 μ m2) and NG (cell body, 963.8 ± 225.7 μ m2; nucleus, 123.2 ± 32.3 μ m2). These findings indicate that most of sensory neurons show the similar morphology in the JG and NG. Our immunohistochemical method also demonstrated the distribution of ion channels, neurotransmitter agents and calcium-binding proteins in the human JG. Numerous JG neurons were immunoreactive for transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1, mean ± SD = 19.9 ± 11.5 %) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP, 28.4 ± 6.7 %). A moderate number of JG neurons contained TRPV2 (12.0 ± 4.7 %), substance P (SP, 15.7 ± 6.9 %) and secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine-like 1 (SPARCL1, 14.6 ± 7.4 %). A few JG neurons had vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2, 5.6 ± 2.9 %) and parvalbumin (PV, 2.3 ± 1.4 %). SP- and TRPV2-containing JG neurons had mainly small and medium-sized cell bodies, respectively. TRPV1- and VGLUT2- containing JG neurons were small to medium-sized. CGRP- and SPARCL1-containing JG neurons were of various cell body sizes. Sensory neurons in the human JG were mostly free of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). In the external auditory canal skin, subepithelial nerve fibers contained TRPV1, TRPV2, SP, CGRP and VGLUT2. Perivascular nerve fibers also had TRPV1, TRPV2, SP, CGRP, VIP, NPY and TH. However, PV- and SPARCL1-containing nerve endings could not be seen in the external auditory canal. It is likely that sensory neurons in the human JG can transduce nociceptive and mechanoreceptive information from the external auditory canal. Theses neurons may be also associated with neurogenic inflammation in the external auditory canal and ear-cough reflex through the vagus nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Atsumi
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yajima
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tachiya
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Souichi Kokubun
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Noriaki Shoji
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasano
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ichikawa
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tadasu Sato
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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Cheung CKY, Lan LL, Kyaw M, Mak ADP, Chan A, Chan Y, Wu JCY. Up-regulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) and down-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30. [PMID: 28782273 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of immune activation in Functional Dyspepsia (FD) patients without previous infection is unclear. We compare the gastric and circulating brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), receptor potential vanilloid type (TRPV) families and various cytokines in FD patients. METHODS Consecutive adult FD patients (Rome III) with no recent history of gastroenteritis and asymptomatic healthy controls were recruited for upper endoscopy. Subjects with GERD and IBS as predominant symptoms, diabetes mellitus, current or previous Helicobacter pylori infection, psychiatric illness and recent use of NSAID or PPI were excluded. Corpus biopsies and serum samples were collected. KEY RESULTS Forty three [M:F=8:35, mean age: 35.0 (9.3)] FD patients were compared with 23 healthy controls [M:F=8:15, mean age: 36.6 (10.2)]. FD patients had postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) as predominant sub-type (PDS: 36, EPS: 2). There was no significant difference in the median inflammation score (FD:0 (0-1) vs Control:0 (0-1), P=.79). However, FD patients had significantly higher mRNA expression of TRPV1 (FD:0.014±0.007, Control:0.003±0.001, 4.6 fold, P=.02) and TRPV2 (FD:0.012±0.006, Control:0.003±0.001, 4 fold, P=.02) compared to controls. The serum (FD:258.0±12.3 ng ml-1 , Control:319.7±18.1 ng ml-1 , P<.01) and gastric BDNF mRNA (FD:0.06±0.008, Control:0.092±0.01, 0.65 fold, P=.02)levels significantly lower in FD patients. Secretion of cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, G-CSF, TGF-β2, MCP-1)was also highly correlated with dyspeptic symptoms in patients with FD. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Despite lacking gastric mucosal inflammation, up-regulation of TRPV1 and TRPV2, down-regulation of BDNF were observed in FD patients. These suggest that immune alteration may contribute to the pathogenesis of FD without any previous infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Y Cheung
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - L L Lan
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - M Kyaw
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - A D P Mak
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - A Chan
- Department of Anatomical, Cellular and Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J C Y Wu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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The influence of intravesical administration of resiniferatoxin (RTX) on the chemical coding of sympathetic chain ganglia (SChG) neurons supplying the porcine urinary bladder. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 144:479-89. [PMID: 26194530 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Resiniferatoxin (RTX) is used as an experimental drug in therapy of neurogenic urinary bladder disorders. The present study investigated the chemical coding of sympathetic chain ganglia (SChG) neurons supplying porcine urinary bladder after intravesical RTX instillation. The SChG neurons were visualized with retrograde tracing method and their chemical profile was disclosed with double-labeling immunohistochemistry using antibodies against dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH; marker of noradrenergic neurons), neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), somatostatin (SOM), galanin, Leu(5)-enkephalin and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). It was found that in both the control (n = 5) and RTX-treated pigs (n = 5), the vast majority (90.4 ± 2.8 and 89.7 ± 2.3%, respectively) of FB-positive (FB+) nerve cells were DβH+. RTX instillation caused a decrease in the number of FB+/DβH+ neurons immunopositive to NPY (71.1 ± 12.1 vs 43.2 ± 6.7%), VIP (21.3 ± 10.7 vs 5.3 ± 4.3%) or SOM (16.5 ± 4.6 vs 2.3 ± 2.6%) and a distinct increase in the number of FB+/DβH+ neurons immunoreactive to nNOS (0.8 ± 1 vs 5.3 ± 1.9 %). The present study for the first time has provided some information that therapeutic effects of RTX on the mammalian urinary bladder can be partly mediated by SChG neurons.
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