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Novotny E, Bente G. Identifying Signatures of Perceived Interpersonal Synchrony. JOURNAL OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 46:485-517. [PMID: 35967988 PMCID: PMC9361934 DOI: 10.1007/s10919-022-00410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interpersonal synchrony serves as a subtle, yet powerful bonding mechanism in social interactions. Problematically, the term ‘synchrony’ has been used to label a variety of distinct aspects of interpersonal coordination, such as postural similarities or movement activity entrainment. Accordingly, different algorithms have been suggested to quantify interpersonal synchrony. Yet, it remains unknown whether the different measures of synchrony represent correlated features of the same perceivable core phenomenon. The current study addresses this by comparing the suitability of a set of algorithms with respect to their association with observers’ judgments of dyadic synchrony and leader-followership. One-hundred fifteen observers viewed computer animations of characters portraying the movements of real dyads who performed a repetitive motor task with instruction to move in unison. Animations were based on full-body motion capture data synchronously collected for both partners during the joint exercise. Results showed most synchrony measures significantly correlated with (a) perceived synchrony and (b) the perceived level of balance of leading/following by each dyad member. Phase synchrony and Pearson correlations were associated most strongly with the observer ratings. This might be typical for intentional, structured forms synchrony such as ritualized group activities. It remains open if these findings also apply to spontaneous forms of synchrony as, for instance, occurring in free-running conversations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Novotny
- Grady College of Mass Communication and Journalism, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Gary Bente
- Department of Communication, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
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2
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Cuadros Z, Hurtado E, Cornejo C. Infant-adult synchrony in spontaneous and nonspontaneous interactions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244138. [PMID: 33338070 PMCID: PMC7748288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infant-adult synchrony has been reported through observational and experimental studies. Nevertheless, synchrony is addressed differently in both cases. While observational studies measure synchrony in spontaneous infant-adult interactions, experimental studies manipulate it, inducing nonspontaneous synchronous and asynchronous interactions. A still unsolved question is to what extent differ spontaneous synchrony from the nonspontaneous one, experimentally elicited. To address this question, we conducted a study to compare synchrony in both interactional contexts. Forty-three 14-month-old infants were randomly assigned to one of two independent groups: (1) the spontaneous interaction context, consisting of a storytime session; and (2) the nonspontaneous interaction context, where an assistant bounced the infant in synchrony with a stranger. We employed an optical motion capture system to accurately track the time and form of synchrony in both contexts. Our findings indicate that synchrony arising in spontaneous exchanges has different traits than synchrony produced in a nonspontaneous interplay. The evidence presented here offers new insights for rethinking the study of infant-adult synchrony and its consequences on child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamara Cuadros
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje Interacción y Fenomenología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban Hurtado
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje Interacción y Fenomenología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje Interacción y Fenomenología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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3
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Ezzina S, Scotti M, Roume C, Pla S, Blain H, Delignières D. Interpersonal Synchronization Processes in Discrete and Continuous Tasks. J Mot Behav 2020; 53:583-597. [PMID: 32867621 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2020.1811629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Three frameworks have been proposed to account for interpersonal synchronization: The information processing approach argues that synchronization is achieved by mutual adaptation, the coordination dynamics perspective supposes a continuous coupling between systems, and complexity matching suggests a global, multi-scale interaction. We hypothesized that the relevancy of these models was related to the nature of the performed tasks. 10 dyads performed synchronized tapping and synchronized forearm oscillations, in two conditions: full (participants had full information about their partner), and digital (information was limited to discrete auditory signals). Results shows that whatever the task and the available information, synchronization was dominated by a discrete mutual adaptation. These results question the relevancy of the coordination dynamics perspective in interpersonal coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Ezzina
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France.,Union Sportive Léo Lagrange, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Scotti
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - Clément Roume
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - Simon Pla
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - Hubert Blain
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France.,Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Delignières
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
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Tackett E, Nessler J. Sensorimotor synchronization during gait is altered by the addition of variability to an external cue. Hum Mov Sci 2020; 71:102626. [PMID: 32452442 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2020.102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sensorimotor synchronization has been used in the rehabilitation of gait, yet much remains unknown regarding the optimal use of this technique. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that adding small amounts of variability to the motion of a vertically oscillating treadmill would affect the behavior of healthy walkers. Sixteen young adults walked on a treadmill and pneumatically actuated platform for one control trial (no oscillation) and eight trials in which the walking surface oscillated in the vertical direction under different conditions of variability. During the oscillation trials, the mean frequency of oscillation was equal to the preferred step frequency of the participant, but each individual cycle period was allowed to vary within a pre-determined range from 0% (no variability) to ±25% (high variability) of the mean cycle period. The amount of variance of each cycle period within each condition was drawn randomly from a white noise generator. Synchronization was improved when a small amount of noise was added to the platform motion but synchronization significantly decreased at higher levels of noise. Coefficient of variation of stride duration was relatively unchanged at lower levels of variability, but increased significantly at higher levels of variability. Statistical persistence of stride duration was significantly reduced during all trials with vertical oscillation relative to normal walking, but was not significantly altered by variability in the treadmill oscillation. These results suggest that the addition of a small amount of random variability to the cycle period of an oscillator may enhance sensorimotor synchronization of gait to an external signal. These data may have implications for the use of synchronization in a therapeutic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Easton Tackett
- Dept of Kinesiology, California State University, San Marcos, CA, USA.
| | - Jeff Nessler
- Dept of Kinesiology, California State University, San Marcos, CA, USA.
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Zhai C, Alderisio F, Slowinski P, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, di Bernardo M. Design and Validation of a Virtual Player for Studying Interpersonal Coordination in the Mirror Game. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CYBERNETICS 2018; 48:1018-1029. [PMID: 28287998 DOI: 10.1109/tcyb.2017.2671456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The mirror game has been recently proposed as a simple, yet powerful paradigm for studying interpersonal interactions. It has been suggested that a virtual partner able to play the game with human subjects can be an effective tool to affect the underlying neural processes needed to establish the necessary connections between the players, and also to provide new clinical interventions for rehabilitation of patients suffering from social disorders. Inspired by the motor processes of the central nervous system (CNS) and the musculoskeletal system in the human body, in this paper we develop a novel interactive cognitive architecture based on nonlinear control theory to drive a virtual player (VP) to play the mirror game with a human player (HP) in different configurations. Specifically, we consider two cases: 1) the VP acts as leader and 2) the VP acts as follower. The crucial problem is to design a feedback control architecture capable of imitating and following or leading an HP in a joint action task. The movement of the end-effector of the VP is modeled by means of a feedback controlled Haken-Kelso-Bunz (HKB) oscillator, which is coupled with the observed motion of the HP measured in real time. To this aim, two types of control algorithms (adaptive control and optimal control) are used and implemented on the HKB model so that the VP can generate a human-like motion while satisfying certain kinematic constraints. A proof of convergence of the control algorithms is presented together with an extensive numerical and experimental validation of their effectiveness. A comparison with other existing designs is also discussed, showing the flexibility and the advantages of our control-based approach.
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Cremers J, Mulder KT, Klugkist I. Circular interpretation of regression coefficients. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 71:75-95. [PMID: 28868792 PMCID: PMC5811843 DOI: 10.1111/bmsp.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The interpretation of the effect of predictors in projected normal regression models is not straight-forward. The main aim of this paper is to make this interpretation easier such that these models can be employed more readily by social scientific researchers. We introduce three new measures: the slope at the inflection point (bc ), average slope (AS) and slope at mean (SAM) that help us assess the marginal effect of a predictor in a Bayesian projected normal regression model. The SAM or AS are preferably used in situations where the data for a specific predictor do not lie close to the inflection point of a circular regression curve. In this case bc is an unstable and extrapolated effect. In addition, we outline how the projected normal regression model allows us to distinguish between an effect on the mean and spread of a circular outcome variable. We call these types of effects location and accuracy effects, respectively. The performance of the three new measures and of the methods to distinguish between location and accuracy effects is investigated in a simulation study. We conclude that the new measures and methods to distinguish between accuracy and location effects work well in situations with a clear location effect. In situations where the location effect is not clearly distinguishable from an accuracy effect not all measures work equally well and we recommend the use of the SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Cremers
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Tim Mulder
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Klugkist
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
- Research Methodology, Measurement and Data Analysis, Behavioural Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Cornejo C, Cuadros Z, Morales R, Paredes J. Interpersonal Coordination: Methods, Achievements, and Challenges. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1685. [PMID: 29021769 PMCID: PMC5623900 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research regarding interpersonal coordination can be traced back to the early 1960s when video recording began to be utilized in communication studies. Since then, technological advances have extended the range of techniques that can be used to accurately study interactional phenomena. Although such a diversity of methods contributes to the improvement of knowledge concerning interpersonal coordination, it has become increasingly difficult to maintain a comprehensive view of the field. In the present article, we review the main capture methods by describing their major findings, levels of description and limitations. We group them into three categories: video analysis, motion tracking, and psychophysiological and neurophysiological techniques. Revised evidence suggests that interpersonal coordination encompasses a family of morphological and temporal synchronies at different levels and that it is closely related to the construction and maintenance of a common social and affective space. We conclude by arguing that future research should address methodological challenges to advance the understanding of coordination phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje Interacción y Fenomenología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zamara Cuadros
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje Interacción y Fenomenología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Morales
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje Interacción y Fenomenología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Paredes
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje Interacción y Fenomenología, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Varlet M, Novembre G, Keller PE. Dynamical entrainment of corticospinal excitability during rhythmic movement observation: a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation study. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:1465-1472. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Varlet
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development Western Sydney University Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Giacomo Novembre
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development Western Sydney University Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW 2751 Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology University College London London UK
| | - Peter E. Keller
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development Western Sydney University Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW 2751 Australia
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Słowiński P, Alderisio F, Zhai C, Shen Y, Tino P, Bortolon C, Capdevielle D, Cohen L, Khoramshahi M, Billard A, Salesse R, Gueugnon M, Marin L, Bardy BG, di Bernardo M, Raffard S, Tsaneva-Atanasova K. Unravelling socio-motor biomarkers in schizophrenia. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2017; 3:8. [PMID: 28560254 PMCID: PMC5441525 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-016-0009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We present novel, low-cost and non-invasive potential diagnostic biomarkers of schizophrenia. They are based on the 'mirror-game', a coordination task in which two partners are asked to mimic each other's hand movements. In particular, we use the patient's solo movement, recorded in the absence of a partner, and motion recorded during interaction with an artificial agent, a computer avatar or a humanoid robot. In order to discriminate between the patients and controls, we employ statistical learning techniques, which we apply to nonverbal synchrony and neuromotor features derived from the participants' movement data. The proposed classifier has 93% accuracy and 100% specificity. Our results provide evidence that statistical learning techniques, nonverbal movement coordination and neuromotor characteristics could form the foundation of decision support tools aiding clinicians in cases of diagnostic uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Słowiński
- Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF UK
| | - Francesco Alderisio
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers’ Building, Exeter, BS8 1UB UK
| | - Chao Zhai
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers’ Building, Exeter, BS8 1UB UK
| | - Yuan Shen
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Peter Tino
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Catherine Bortolon
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital de la Colombière, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier-1 University, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Capdevielle
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital de la Colombière, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier-1 University, Montpellier, France
- INSERM U-1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Cohen
- LASA Laboratory, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne—EPFL, Station 9, Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland
| | - Mahdi Khoramshahi
- LASA Laboratory, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne—EPFL, Station 9, Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland
| | - Aude Billard
- LASA Laboratory, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne—EPFL, Station 9, Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland
| | - Robin Salesse
- EuroMov, Montpellier University, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint-Loup, Montpellier, 34090 France
| | - Mathieu Gueugnon
- EuroMov, Montpellier University, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint-Loup, Montpellier, 34090 France
| | - Ludovic Marin
- EuroMov, Montpellier University, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint-Loup, Montpellier, 34090 France
| | - Benoit G. Bardy
- EuroMov, Montpellier University, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint-Loup, Montpellier, 34090 France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Mario di Bernardo
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers’ Building, Exeter, BS8 1UB UK
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80125 Italy
| | - Stephane Raffard
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital de la Colombière, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier-1 University, Montpellier, France
- Epsylon Laboratory Dynamic of Human Abilities & Health Behaviors, Montpellier-3 University, Montpellier, France
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF UK
- EPSRC Centre for Predictive Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QJ UK
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