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The paradigm of amyloid precursor protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The potential role of the 682YENPTY 687 motif. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:923-930. [PMID: 36698966 PMCID: PMC9860402 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive decline of neuronal function in several brain areas, and are always associated with cognitive, psychiatric, or motor deficits due to the atrophy of certain neuronal populations. Most neurodegenerative diseases share common pathological mechanisms, such as neurotoxic protein misfolding, oxidative stress, and impairment of autophagy machinery. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most common adult-onset motor neuron disorders worldwide. It is clinically characterized by the selective and progressive loss of motor neurons in the motor cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord, ultimately leading to muscle atrophy and rapidly progressive paralysis. Multiple recent studies have indicated that the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its proteolytic fragments are not only drivers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but also one of the earliest signatures in ALS, preceding or anticipating neuromuscular junction instability and denervation. Indeed, altered levels of APP peptides have been found in the brain, muscles, skin, and cerebrospinal fluid of ALS patients. In this short review, we discuss the nature and extent of research evidence on the role of APP peptides in ALS, focusing on the intracellular C-terminal peptide and its regulatory motif 682YENPTY687, with the overall aim of providing new frameworks and perspectives for intervention and identifying key questions for future investigations.
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Mori F, Miki Y, Kon T, Tanji K, Wakabayashi K. Autophagy Is a Common Degradation Pathway for Bunina Bodies and TDP-43 Inclusions in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 78:910-921. [PMID: 31504678 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bunina bodies (BBs) coexisting with TDP-43-immunoreactive (TDP-43-IR) skein-like inclusions (SIs) and round inclusions (RIs) in lower motor neurons are a frequent feature of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS). Since previous studies have shown that BBs and TDP-43-IR inclusions are often detected in association with autophagy-related structures (autophagosomes and autolysosomes), we examined the anterior horn cells (AHCs) of the spinal cord from 15 patients with sALS and 6 control subjects, using antibodies against autophagy-related proteins (LC3, cathepsin B, and cathepsin D). Among AHCs with SIs, 43.9% contained BBs, whereas 51.7% of AHCs with RIs did so. The cytoplasm of AHCs showed diffuse immunoreactivity for LC3, cathepsin B and cathepsin D in both sALS and controls. Ultrastructurally, SIs and mature BBs contained autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Mature BBs were localized in the vicinity of SIs. RIs also contained autophagosomes, autolysosomes, and early-stage BBs. These findings suggest that autophagy is a common degradation pathway for BBs and TDP-43-IR inclusions, which may explain their frequent coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Mori
- Department of Neuropathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Department of Neuropathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kon
- Department of Neuropathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tanji
- Department of Neuropathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Tamraz B, Huang Y, French AL, Kassaye S, Anastos K, Nowicki MJ, Gange S, Gustafson DR, Bacchetti P, Greenblatt RM, Hysi PG, Aouizerat BE. A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a Candidate Gene Associated With Atazanavir Exposure Measured in Hair. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 104:949-956. [PMID: 29315502 PMCID: PMC6037621 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hair provides a direct measure of long-term exposure of atazanavir (ATV). We report the results of the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of ATV exposure measured in hair in an observational cohort representative of US women living with HIV; the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Approximately 14.1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed in linear regression-based GWAS, with replication, adjusted for nongenetic predictors collected under conditions of actual use of ATV in 398 participants. Lastly, the PharmGKB database was used to identify pharmacogene associations with ATV exposure. The rs73208473, within intron 1 of SORCS2, resulted in a 0.46-fold decrease in ATV exposure, with the strongest association (P = 1.71×10-8 ) in GWAS. A priori pharmacogene screening did not identify additional variants statistically significantly associated with ATV exposure, including those previously published in ATV plasma candidate pharmacogene studies. The findings demonstrate the potential value of pharmacogenomic GWAS in ethnically diverse populations under conditions of actual use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bani Tamraz
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yong Huang
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA
| | - Audrey L. French
- Infectious Diseases, CORE Center/Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL
| | - Seble Kassaye
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Marek J. Nowicki
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stephen Gange
- John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Deborah R. Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Peter Bacchetti
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ruth M. Greenblatt
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, CA
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormand Street Institute for Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley E. Aouizerat
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
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Miki Y, Mori F, Seino Y, Tanji K, Yoshizawa T, Kijima H, Shoji M, Wakabayashi K. Colocalization of Bunina bodies and TDP-43 inclusions in a case of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with Lewy body-like hyaline inclusions. Neuropathology 2018; 38:521-528. [PMID: 29938835 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) is characterized pathologically by loss of upper and lower motor neurons with occurrence of transactivation response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43)-immunoreactive skein-like and round hyaline inclusions. Lewy body-like hyaline inclusions (LBHIs) are also found in a small proportion of sALS cases as well as in individuals with familial ALS with mutations in the Cu/Zu superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene. LBHIs in sALS are immunopositive for TDP-43, but not for SOD1. The occurrence of Bunina bodies (BBs) is another key pathological feature of sALS. BBs are immunonegative for TDP-43 but immunopositive for cystatin C, transferrin, peripherin and sortilin-related receptor CNS expressed 2 (SorCS2). Despite differences between BBs and TDP-43 inclusions in terms of protein constituents and ultrastructure, the two inclusions are known to be linked. We recently encountered a case of sALS of 10 months duration in which many round hyaline inclusions, LBHIs and BBs were found in the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. Our immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examinations revealed the presence of BBs within the skein-like and round hyaline inclusions, and in the LBHIs. Colocalization of BB-related proteins (cystatin C, transferrin and SorCS2) and TDP-43 was also confirmed in the halo of LBHIs as well as in the marginal portion of the skein-like and round hyaline inclusions. These findings suggest that there is some relationship between BBs and TDP-43-immunoreactive inclusions in terms of their formation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Miki
- Department of Neuropathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Mori
- Department of Neuropathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Neurology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tanji
- Department of Neuropathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kijima
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Mikio Shoji
- Department of Neurology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Huang TY, Zhao Y, Jiang LL, Li X, Liu Y, Sun Y, Piña-Crespo JC, Zhu B, Masliah E, Willnow TE, Pasquale EB, Xu H. SORLA attenuates EphA4 signaling and amyloid β-induced neurodegeneration. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3669-3685. [PMID: 29114064 PMCID: PMC5716044 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sortilin-related receptor with LDLR class A repeats (SORLA, SORL1, or LR11) is a genetic risk factor associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although SORLA is known to regulate trafficking of the amyloid β (Aβ) precursor protein to decrease levels of proteotoxic Aβ oligomers, whether SORLA can counteract synaptic dysfunction induced by Aβ oligomers remains unclear. Here, we show that SORLA interacts with the EphA4 receptor tyrosine kinase and attenuates ephrinA1 ligand-induced EphA4 clustering and activation to limit downstream effects of EphA4 signaling in neurons. Consistent with these findings, SORLA transgenic mice, compared with WT mice, exhibit decreased EphA4 activation and redistribution to postsynaptic densities, with milder deficits in long-term potentiation and memory induced by Aβ oligomers. Importantly, we detected elevated levels of active EphA4 in human AD brains, where EphA4 activation is inversely correlated with SORLA/EphA4 association. These results demonstrate a novel role for SORLA as a physiological and pathological EphA4 modulator, which attenuates synaptotoxic EphA4 activation and cognitive impairment associated with Aβ-induced neurodegeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Y Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Lu-Lin Jiang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yan Liu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Juan C Piña-Crespo
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bing Zhu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Elena B Pasquale
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA .,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Young PE, Kum Jew S, Buckland ME, Pamphlett R, Suter CM. Epigenetic differences between monozygotic twins discordant for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) provide clues to disease pathogenesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182638. [PMID: 28797086 PMCID: PMC5552194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating late-onset neurodegenerative disorder in which only a small proportion of patients carry an identifiable causative genetic lesion. Despite high heritability estimates, a genetic etiology for most sporadic ALS remains elusive. Here we report the epigenetic profiling of five monozygotic twin pairs discordant for ALS, four with classic ALS and one with the progressive muscular atrophy ALS variant, in whom previous whole genome sequencing failed to uncover a genetic basis for their disease discordance. By studying cytosine methylation patterns in peripheral blood DNA we identified thousands of large between-twin differences at individual CpGs. While the specific sites of differences were mostly idiosyncratic to a twin pair, a proportion involving GABA signalling were common to all ALS individuals. For both idiosyncratic and common sites the differences occurred within genes and pathways related to neurobiological functions or dysfunctions, some of particular relevance to ALS such as glutamate metabolism and the Golgi apparatus. All four classic ALS patients were epigenetically older than their unaffected co-twins, suggesting accelerated aging in multiple tissues in this disease. In conclusion, widespread changes in methylation patterns were found in ALS-affected co-twins, consistent with an epigenetic contribution to disease. These DNA methylation findings could be used to develop blood-based ALS biomarkers, gain insights into disease pathogenesis, and provide a reference for future large-scale ALS epigenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Young
- Division of Molecular Structural and Computational Biology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Kum Jew
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael E. Buckland
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Roger Pamphlett
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail: (CMS); (RP)
| | - Catherine M. Suter
- Division of Molecular Structural and Computational Biology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail: (CMS); (RP)
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7
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Webster CP, Smith EF, Shaw PJ, De Vos KJ. Protein Homeostasis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Therapeutic Opportunities? Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:123. [PMID: 28512398 PMCID: PMC5411428 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis (proteostasis), the correct balance between production and degradation of proteins, is essential for the health and survival of cells. Proteostasis requires an intricate network of protein quality control pathways (the proteostasis network) that work to prevent protein aggregation and maintain proteome health throughout the lifespan of the cell. Collapse of proteostasis has been implicated in the etiology of a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common adult onset motor neuron disorder. Here, we review the evidence linking dysfunctional proteostasis to the etiology of ALS and discuss how ALS-associated insults affect the proteostasis network. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic benefit of proteostasis network modulation in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Webster
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - Emma F Smith
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - Kurt J De Vos
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
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