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The Effects of Royal Jelly Acid, 10-Hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic Acid, on Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Astrocytes Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide and Hydrogen Peroxide. IMMUNO 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno1030013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, especially during the COVID-19 outbreak, necessitates the search for natural immune- and cognitive-enhancing agents. 10-Hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid (10-H2DA), the main fatty acid of royal jelly, has several pharmacological activities. Given the fundamental role of astrocytes in regulating immune responses of the central nervous system, we used cortical astrocytes to examine the effect of 10-H2DA on the expression of genes associated with neuroinflammation and the production of neurotrophins, as well as cellular resistance to H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Astrocytes, pretreated with a range of concentrations of 10-H2DA for 24 h, were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 3 h, after which the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) and neurotrophic factors (BDNF, GDNF, and IGF-1) was evaluated. In the absence of LPS, 10-H2DA had no significant effect on the mRNA expression of neurotrophins or cytokines except for IL-1β, which significantly increased with low doses of 10-H2DA (3 µM). 10-H2DA (10 µM) pretreatment of LPS-stimulated cells did not significantly inhibit the expression of cytokine encoding genes; however, it significantly lowered the mRNA expression of GDNF and tended to decrease BDNF and IGF-1 expression compared with LPS alone. Additionally, 10-H2DA did not protect astrocytes against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Our data indicate no anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, or neurotrophic effect of 10-H2DA in astrocytes undergoing inflammation or oxidative stress. The effect of IGF-1 inhibition by 10-H2DA on neuronal ketogenesis needs investigation.
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Ali AM, Kunugi H. Bee honey protects astrocytes against oxidative stress: A preliminary in vitro investigation. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2019; 39:312-314. [PMID: 31529692 PMCID: PMC7292328 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Bee honey is widely used as a bioactive food to improve general health and produce therapeutic benefits in various physical disorders. It also improves cognitive and mood‐related behaviors and symptoms in mice and humans. Still, its direct effect on brain cells is unclear. Here, we examined the effect of whole honey on the survival of astrocytes exposed to oxidative stress. Methods Cultured cortical astrocytes were treated with honey (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 3%, and 5% [v/v]) for 24 hours followed by H2O2 (100 μmol/L) for 3 hours. Cellular viability was assessed with MTT assay. Results Honey prevented cellular death in a dose‐dependent manner compared with H2O2‐treated cells. Honey at 1% concentration had the most significant effect (P = .015). Conclusion Bee honey exerts a neuroprotective effect through its antioxidant activity. This study tested the effect of bee honey on the survival of astrocytes exposed to H2O2‐induced oxidative stress. Honey prevented cellular death in a dose‐dependent manner compared with H2O2‐treated cells. Honey at 1% concentration had the most significant effect (P = .015).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Mohammed Ali
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
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Erbil D, Eren CY, Demirel C, Küçüker MU, Solaroğlu I, Eser HY. GLP-1's role in neuroprotection: a systematic review. Brain Inj 2019; 33:734-819. [PMID: 30938196 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2019.1587000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a target for treatment of diabetes; however, its function in the brain is not well studied. In this systematic review, we aimed to analyze the neuroprotective role of GLP-1 and its defined mechanisms. Methods: We searched 'Web of Science' and 'Pubmed' to identify relevant studies using GLP-1 as the keyword. Two hundred and eighty-nine clinical and preclinical studies have been included. Data have been presented by grouping neurodegenerative, neurovascular and specific cell culture models. Results: Recent literature shows that GLP-1 and its agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors and combined GLP-1/GIP molecules are effective in partially or fully reversing the effects of neurotoxic compounds, neurovascular complications of diabetes, neuropathological changes related with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or vascular occlusion. Possible mechanisms that provide neuroprotection are enhancing the viability of the neurons and restoring neurite outgrowth by increased neurotrophic factors, increasing subventricular zone progenitor cells, decreasing apoptosis, decreasing the level of pro-inflammatory factors, and strengthening blood-brain barrier. Conclusion: Based on the preclinical studies, GLP-1 modifying agents are promising targets for neuroprotection. On the other hand, the number of clinical studies that investigate GLP-1 as a treatment is low and further clinical trials are needed for a benchside to bedside translation of recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Erbil
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Candan Yasemin Eren
- b Research Center for Translational Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Cağrı Demirel
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | | | - Ihsan Solaroğlu
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey.,b Research Center for Translational Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Hale Yapıcı Eser
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey.,b Research Center for Translational Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Yesil S, Sungu N, Kilicarslan A, Kuskonmaz SM, Kara H, Kucuk A, Polat F, Kavutcu M, Arslan M. Exenatide reduces oxidative stress and cell death in testis in iron overload rat model. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4349-4356. [PMID: 30546390 PMCID: PMC6256837 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been demonstrated to affect the oxidative stress status in several in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a GLP-1 analogue, exenatide, on oxidative stress parameters and apoptotic markers in testicular cells in an iron overload rat model. To obtain this model, the animals were randomly divided into three groups (n=6/group). Rats in the control group received intraperitoneal injections of saline. Intraperitoneal iron dextran (60 mg/kg/day) was given to Group FE for 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The third group (Group Fe +E) was given subcutaneous injections of 10 µg/kg exenatide in two divided doses for 4 weeks in addition to iron dextran. Testes of all rats were immediately removed for immunohistochemical staining and to measure the malondialdehyde level and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity. A significant reduction was observed in caspase-8 and -3 enzyme staining in testicular stromal and endothelial cells in exenatide injected iron overloaded rats when compared with controls. Oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities were also significantly lower in exenatide-injected rats when compared with controls. These findings indicate that exenatide may be protective against the harmful effects of iron accumulation in testis. Further studies are required to evaluate how exenatide reduces oxidative stress and cell death in iron overloaded testis tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Yesil
- Department of Urology, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Nuran Sungu
- Department of Pathology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Medical Faculty, Ankara 06010, Turkey
| | - Aydan Kilicarslan
- Department of Pathology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Medical Faculty, Ankara 06010, Turkey
| | - Serife Mehlika Kuskonmaz
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Halil Kara
- Department of Pharmacology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Medical Faculty, Ankara 06010, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Kucuk
- Department of Physiology, Kütahya Health Sciences University Medical Faculty, Kütahya 43100, Turkey
| | - Fazli Polat
- Department of Urology, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kavutcu
- Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara 06510, Turkey
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Wang C, Hou Y, Lin Y, Xie Y, Wei D, Zhou N, He H. Rapid determination and conversion study of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and its derivatives in glucose injection. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03019g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
5-HMF and two identified additional derivatives (II, III) in glucose injection were rapidly separated in less than 7 min for the first time by our normal phase high performance liquid chromatography. The results were more precise than the method adopted by pharmacopeias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an
- China
| | - Yajing Hou
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an
- China
| | - Yuanyuan Lin
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an
- China
| | - Yitong Xie
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an
- China
| | - Di Wei
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an
- China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital
- Xi’an
- China
| | - Huaizhen He
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an
- China
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Nakajima S, Gotoh M, Fukasawa K, Murofushi H, Murakami-Murofushi K. 2-O-Carba-oleoyl cyclic phosphatidic acid induces glial proliferation through the activation of lysophosphatidic acid receptor. Brain Res 2017; 1681:44-51. [PMID: 29278716 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) are one of the lipid mediators regulating cell proliferation and differentiation through the activation of LPA receptors. An LPA receptor-mediated signal is important for the development of the central nervous system, while it has been demonstrated that LPA caused microglial activation and astroglial dysfunction. Previously, we have reported that cPA and carba analog of cPA, 2-O-carba-cPA (2ccPA), protected neural damage caused by transient ischemia. However, little is known about the target cell of cPA/2ccPA in the central nervous systems. Here, we examined the effect of 2ccPA on glial proliferation and differentiation using the primary astrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) cultures. 2ccPA increased the DNA synthesis of astrocytes and OPCs, but it did not reduce the formazan production in the mitochondria. Further, 2ccPA increased the cell number and cell survival against oxidative stress. The inhibition of LPA receptors by ki16425 abolished 2ccPA-induced DNA synthesis. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was activated by 2ccPA, which contributed to the astroglial DNA synthesis. These results suggest that 2ccPA is a beneficial regulator of glial population through the activation of LPA receptor without reduction of mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakajima
- Endowed Research Division of Human Welfare Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Gotoh
- Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Fukasawa
- Endowed Research Division of Human Welfare Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Murofushi
- Endowed Research Division of Human Welfare Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
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Oshima N, Onimaru H, Matsubara H, Uchida T, Watanabe A, Imakiire T, Nishida Y, Kumagai H. Direct effects of glucose, insulin, GLP-1, and GIP on bulbospinal neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in neonatal wistar rats. Neuroscience 2017; 344:74-88. [PMID: 28062192 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) often exhibit hypertension, the mechanisms responsible for this correlation are not well known. We hypothesized that the bulbospinal neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) are affected by the levels of glucose, insulin, or incretins (glucagon like peptide-1 [GLP-1] or glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide [GIP]) in patients with DM. To investigate whether RVLM neurons are activated by glucose, insulin, GLP-1, or GIP, we examined changes in the membrane potentials of bulbospinal RVLM neurons using whole-cell patch-clamp technique during superfusion with various levels of glucose or these hormones in neonatal Wistar rats. A brainstem-spinal cord preparation was used for the experiments. A low level of glucose stimulated bulbospinal RVLM neurons. During insulin superfusion, almost all the RVLM neurons were depolarized, while during GLP-1 or GIP superfusion, almost all the RVLM neurons were hyperpolarized. Next, histological examinations were performed to examine transporters for glucose and receptors for insulin, GLP-1, and GIP on RVLM neurons. Low-level glucose-depolarized RVLM neurons exhibited the presence of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3). Meanwhile, insulin-depolarized, GLP-1-hyperpolarized, and GIP-hyperpolarized RVLM neurons showed each of the respective specific receptor. These results indicate that a low level of glucose stimulates bulbospinal RVLM neurons via specific transporters on these neurons, inducing hypertension. Furthermore, an increase in insulin or a reduction in incretins may also activate the sympathetic nervous system and induce hypertension by activating RVLM neurons via their own receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Oshima
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Onimaru
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehito Matsubara
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Uchida
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Imakiire
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishida
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroo Kumagai
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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Neuroprotective Effects of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analog Exenatide After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. Circulation 2016; 134:2115-2124. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.024088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background:
In-hospital mortality in comatose patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is ≈50%. In OHCA patients, the leading cause of death is neurological injury secondary to ischemia and reperfusion. Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs are approved for type 2 diabetes mellitus; preclinical and clinical data have suggested their organ-protective effects in patients with ischemia and reperfusion injury. The aim of this trial was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 analog exenatide in resuscitated OHCA patients.
Methods:
We randomly assigned 120 consecutive comatose patients resuscitated from OHCA in a double-blind, 2-center trial. They were administered 17.4 μg exenatide (Byetta) or placebo over a 6-hour and 15-minute infusion, in addition to standardized intensive care including targeted temperature management. The coprimary end points were feasibility, defined as initiation of the study drug in >90% patients within 240 minutes of return of spontaneous circulation, and efficacy, defined as the geometric area under the neuron-specific enolase curve from 24 to 72 hours after admission. The main secondary end points included a composite end point of death and poor neurological function, defined as a Cerebral Performance Category score of 3 to 5 assessed at 30 and 180 days.
Results:
The study drug was initiated within 240 minutes of return of spontaneous circulation in 96% patients. The median blood glucose 8 hours after admission in patients receiving exenatide was lower than that in patients receiving placebo (5.8 [5.2–6.7] mmol/L versus 7.3 [6.2–8.7] mmol/L,
P
<0.0001). However, there were no significant differences in the area under the neuron-specific enolase curve, or a composite end point of death and poor neurological function between groups. Adverse events were rare with no significant difference between groups.
Conclusions:
Acute administration of exenatide to comatose patients in the intensive care unit after OHCA is feasible and safe. Exenatide did not reduce neuron-specific enolase levels and did not significantly improve a composite end point of death and poor neurological function after 180 days.
Clinical Trial Registration:
URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02442791.
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