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Li D, Sun N, Guo Y, Huang S, Yin C, Xiao Y, Ma W. Investigating the Effects of Perampanel on Autophagy-mediated Regulation of GluA2 and PSD95 in Epilepsy. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04136-1. [PMID: 38602656 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Despite various treatment approaches, a significant number of patients continue to experience uncontrolled seizures, leading to refractory epilepsy. The emergence of novel anti-epileptic drugs, such as perampanel (PER), has provided promising options for effective epilepsy treatment. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of PER remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the intrinsic molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in the downregulation of GluA2, a key subunit of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors, following epileptic seizures. Primary mouse hippocampal neurons were cultured and subjected to an epilepsy cell model. The expression levels of GluA2 and autophagy-related proteins were assessed using Western blotting and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry techniques were employed to investigate the nuclear translocation of CREB-regulated transcriptional coactivator 1 (CRTC1). Additionally, status epilepticus animal models were established to further validate the findings. The epilepsy cell model exhibited a significant decrease in GluA2 expression, accompanied by elevated levels of autophagy-related proteins. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed the nuclear translocation of CRTC1, which correlated with the expression of autophagy-related genes. Treatment with an autophagy inhibitor reversed the decreased expression of GluA2 in the epilepsy cell model. Furthermore, the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase inhibitor FK506 and CaN overexpression affected the dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of CRTC1, consequently influencing GluA2 expression. Animal model results further supported the involvement of these molecular mechanisms in epilepsy. Our findings suggest that the downregulation of GluA2 following epileptic seizures involves the activation of autophagy and the regulation of CRTC1 nuclear translocation. These intrinsic molecular regulatory mechanisms provide potential targets for developing novel therapeutic strategies to alleviate refractory epilepsy and preserve cognitive functions in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaoping Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunyan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanfeng Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Weijun Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Tyagi S, Mishra R, Mazumder A, Mazumder R, Singh G, Pandey P. Synthesis, in silico screening, and biological evaluation of novel pyridine congeners as anti-epileptic agents targeting AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole) receptors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14498. [PMID: 38453241 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The research involves the synthesis of a series of new pyridine analogs 5(i-x) and their evaluation for anti-epileptic potential using in silico and in vivo models. Synthesis of the compounds was accomplished by using the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction principle. AutoDock 4.2 was used for their in silico screening against AMPA (-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole) receptor (PDB ID:3m3f). For in vivo testing, the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) model was used. The physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, drug-like, and drug-score features of all synthesized compounds were assessed using the online Swiss ADME and Protein Plus software. The in silico results showed that all the synthesized compounds 5(i-x) had 1-3 interactions and affinities ranging from -6.5 to -8.0 kJ/mol with the targeted receptor compared to the binding affinities of the standard drug phenytoin and the original ligand of the target (P99), which were -7.6 and -6.8 kJ/mol, respectively. In vivo study results showed that the compound 5-Carbamoyl-2-formyl-1-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]-pyridinium gave 60% protection against epileptic seizures compared to 59% protection afforded by regular phenytoin. All of them met Lipinski's rule of five and had drug-likeness and drug score values of 0.55 and 0.8, respectively, making them chemically and functionally like phenytoin. According to the findings of the studies, the synthesized derivatives have the potential to be employed as a stepping stone in the development of novel anti-epileptic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Tyagi
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakhi Mishra
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avijit Mazumder
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rupa Mazumder
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gurvinder Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Biotechnology Department, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Qneibi M, Bdir S, Bdair M, Aldwaik SA, Sandouka D, Heeh M, Idais TI. AMPA receptor neurotransmission and therapeutic applications: A comprehensive review of their multifaceted modulation. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116151. [PMID: 38237342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The neuropharmacological community has shown a strong interest in AMPA receptors as critical components of excitatory synaptic transmission during the last fifteen years. AMPA receptors, members of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family, allow rapid excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. AMPA receptors, which are permeable to sodium and potassium ions, manage the bulk of the brain's rapid synaptic communications. This study thoroughly examines the recent developments in AMPA receptor regulation, focusing on a shift from single chemical illustrations to a more extensive investigation of underlying processes. The complex interplay of these modulators in modifying the function and structure of AMPA receptors is the main focus, providing insight into their influence on the speed of excitatory neurotransmission. This research emphasizes the potential of AMPA receptor modulation as a therapy for various neurological disorders such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. Analyzing these regulators' sophisticated molecular details enhances our comprehension of neuropharmacology, representing a significant advancement in using AMPA receptors for treating intricate neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Qneibi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Sosana Bdir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Bdair
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Samia Ammar Aldwaik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Dana Sandouka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | | | - Tala Iyad Idais
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Meng L, Huang D, Xie L, Song X, Luo H, Gui J, Ding R, Zhang X, Jiang L. Perampanel effectiveness in treating ROGDI-related Kohlschütter-Tönz syndrome: first reported case in China and literature review. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:292. [PMID: 37974187 PMCID: PMC10652482 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study reported the first case of Kohlschütter-Tönz syndrome (KTS) in China and reviewed the literature of the reported cases. METHODS This patient was registered at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The patient's symptoms and treatments were recorded in detail, and the patient was monitored for six years. We employed a combination of the following search terms and Boolean operators in our search strategy: Kohlschütter-Tönz syndrome, KTS, and ROGDI. These terms were carefully selected to capture a broad range of relevant publications in PubMed, Web of Science, WHO Global Health Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, including synonyms, variations, and specific terms related to KTS. The pathogenicity of the variants was predicted using SpliceAI and MutationTaster, and the structures of the ROGDI mutations were constructed using I-TASSER. RESULTS This is the first case report of KTS in China. Our patient presented with epilepsy, global developmental delay, and amelogenesis imperfecta. A trio-WES revealed homozygous mutations in ROGDI (c.46-37_46-30del). The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and video electroencephalogram (VEEG) were normal. The efficacy of perampanel (PMP) in treating seizures and intellectual disability was apparent. Furthermore, 43 cases of ROGDI-related KTS were retrieved. 100% exhibited epilepsy, global developmental delay, and amelogenesis imperfecta. 17.2% received a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 3.4% were under suspicion of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Language disorders were observed in all patients. Emotional disorders, notably self-harm behaviors (9.1%), were also reported. CONCLUSION ROGDI-related KTS is a rare neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by three classic clinical manifestations: epilepsy, global developmental delay, and amelogenesis imperfecta. Moreover, patients could present comorbidities, including ADHD, ASD, emotional disorders, and language disorders. PMP may be a potential drug with relatively good efficacy, but long-term clinical trials are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxue Meng
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dishu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Xie
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Song
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Luo
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxiong Gui
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Ding
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Belli E, Del Prete E, Unti E, Mazzucchi S, Palermo G, Ceravolo R. Perampanel as a novel treatment for subcortical myoclonus in myoclonus-dystonia syndrome. Neurol Sci 2023:10.1007/s10072-023-06803-y. [PMID: 37131084 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myoclonus-dystonia (MD) is a syndrome characterized by subcortical myoclonus and milder dystonia. The main causative gene is the epsilon sarcoglycan gene (SGCE), but other genes may be involved. Response to medications is variable, with poor tolerability limiting their use. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a patient with severe myoclonic jerks and mild dystonia since childhood. At first neurological visit at the age of 46 years old, she presented brief myoclonic jerks predominating in the upper limbs and neck, mild at rest and elicited by action, posture and tactile stimulus. Myoclonus was accompanied by mild neck and right arm dystonia. Neurophysiological tests suggested subcortical origin of myoclonus, brain MRI was unremarkable. Myoclonus-dystonia was diagnosed, and genetic testing identified a novel mutation in SGCE gene (c.907delC) in heterozygosis. Over time she assumed a large variety of anti-epileptics without beneficial effect on myoclonus and low tolerability. Add-on treatment with Perampanel was started, with a beneficial effect. No adverse events were reported. Perampanel is the first selective non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist approved in add-on for focal and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. To our knowledge, this is the first trial of Perampanel in MD. CONCLUSIONS We presented the case of a patient with MD due to SGCE mutation who was treated with Perampanel with beneficial effects. We propose Perampanel as a novel treatment for myoclonus in MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Belli
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Del Prete
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Unti
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sonia Mazzucchi
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palermo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Zhigulin AS, Dron MY, Barygin OI. Mechanisms of AMPA Receptor Inhibition by Diminazene. NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 52:308-314. [PMID: 35317269 PMCID: PMC8930484 DOI: 10.1007/s11055-022-01238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Zhigulin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M. Yu. Dron
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O. I. Barygin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia
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7
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Dron MY, Zhigulin AS, Tikhonov DB, Barygin OI. Screening for Activity Against AMPA Receptors Among Anticonvulsants-Focus on Phenytoin. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:775040. [PMID: 34950035 PMCID: PMC8688955 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.775040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in AMPA receptors as a target for epilepsy treatment increased substantially after the approval of perampanel, a negative AMPA receptor allosteric antagonist, for the treatment of partial-onset seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Here we performed a screening for activity against native calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) and calcium-impermeable AMPA receptors (CI-AMPARs) among different anticonvulsants using the whole-cell patch-clamp method on isolated Wistar rat brain neurons. Lamotrigine, topiramate, levetiracetam, felbamate, carbamazepine, tiagabin, vigabatrin, zonisamide, and gabapentin in 100-µM concentration were practically inactive against both major subtypes of AMPARs, while phenytoin reversibly inhibited them with IC50 of 30 ± 4 μM and 250 ± 60 µM for CI-AMPARs and CP-AMPARs, respectively. The action of phenytoin on CI-AMPARs was attenuated in experiments with high agonist concentrations, in the presence of cyclothiazide and at pH 9.0. Features of phenytoin action matched those of the CI-AMPARs pore blocker pentobarbital, being different from classical competitive inhibitors, negative allosteric inhibitors, and CP-AMPARs selective channel blockers. Close 3D similarity between phenytoin and pentobarbital also suggests a common binding site in the pore and mechanism of inhibition. The main target for phenytoin in the brain, which is believed to underlie its anticonvulsant properties, are voltage-gated sodium channels. Here we have shown for the first time that phenytoin inhibits CI-AMPARs with similar potency. Thus, AMPAR inhibition by phenytoin may contribute to its anticonvulsant properties as well as its side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Dron
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A S Zhigulin
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - D B Tikhonov
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - O I Barygin
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Brito da Silva A, Pennifold J, Henley B, Chatterjee K, Bateman D, Whittaker RW, Joshi A, Kumar H, Nicholson C, Baker MR, Greenhill SD, Walsh R, Seri S, Jones RSG, Woodhall GL, Cunningham MO. The AMPA receptor antagonist perampanel suppresses epileptic activity in human focal cortical dysplasia. Epilepsia Open 2021; 7:488-495. [PMID: 34653311 PMCID: PMC9436284 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is one of the most common malformations causing refractory epilepsy. Dysregulation of glutamatergic systems plays a critical role in the hyperexcitability of dysplastic neurons in FCD lesions. The pharmacoresistant nature of epilepsy associated with FCD may be due to a lack of well‐tolerated and precise antiepileptic drugs that can target glutamate receptors. Here, for the first time in human FCD brain slices, we show that the established, noncompetitive α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist, perampanel has potent antiepileptic action. Moreover, we demonstrate that this effect is due to a reduction in burst firing behavior in human FCD microcircuits. These data support a potential role for the treatment of refractory epilepsy associated with FCD in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Brito da Silva
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Jane Pennifold
- Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Ben Henley
- Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Koustav Chatterjee
- Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, AJC Bose Road, Kolkata, 700017, West Bengal, India
| | - David Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Kayll Road, Sunderland, Tyne & Wear, SR4 7TP, UK
| | - Roger W Whittaker
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Abhijit Joshi
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Hrishikesh Kumar
- Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, AJC Bose Road, Kolkata, 700017, West Bengal, India
| | - Claire Nicholson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Mark R Baker
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Stuart D Greenhill
- Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Richard Walsh
- Children's Epilepsy Surgery Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - Stefano Seri
- Children's Epilepsy Surgery Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - Roland S G Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Gavin L Woodhall
- Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Mark O Cunningham
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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9
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Ueda J, Uemura N, Sawamura M, Taguchi T, Ikuno M, Kaji S, Taruno Y, Matsuzawa S, Yamakado H, Takahashi R. Perampanel Inhibits α-Synuclein Transmission in Parkinson's Disease Models. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1554-1564. [PMID: 33813737 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intercellular transmission of pathogenic proteins plays a key role in the clinicopathological progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that this uptake and release process is regulated by neuronal activity. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the effect of perampanel, an antiepileptic drug, on α-synuclein transmission in cultured cells and mouse models of Parkinson's disease. METHODS Mouse primary hippocampal neurons were transduced with α-synuclein preformed fibrils to examine the effect of perampanel on the development of α-synuclein pathology and its mechanisms of action. An α-synuclein preformed fibril-injected mouse model was used to validate the effect of oral administration of perampanel on the α-synuclein pathology in vivo. RESULTS Perampanel inhibited the development of α-synuclein pathology in mouse hippocampal neurons transduced with α-synuclein preformed fibrils. Interestingly, perampanel blocked the neuronal uptake of α-synuclein preformed fibrils by inhibiting macropinocytosis in a neuronal activity-dependent manner. We confirmed that oral administration of perampanel ameliorated the development of α-synuclein pathology in wild-type mice inoculated with α-synuclein preformed fibrils. CONCLUSION Modulation of neuronal activity could be a promising therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease, and perampanel could be a novel disease-modifying drug for Parkinson's disease. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihito Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Sawamura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Taguchi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikuno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Kaji
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Taruno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuzawa
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hodaka Yamakado
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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10
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Inhibitory effect of anti-seizure medications on ionotropic glutamate receptors: special focus on AMPA receptor subunits. Epilepsy Res 2020; 167:106452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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11
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Yang YC, Wang GH, Chuang AY, Hsueh SW. Perampanel reduces paroxysmal depolarizing shift and inhibitory synaptic input in excitatory neurons to inhibit epileptic network oscillations. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5177-5194. [PMID: 32901915 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Perampanel is a newly approved anticonvulsant uniquely targeting AMPA receptors, which mediate the most abundant form of excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain. However, the network mechanism underlying the anti-epileptic effect of the AMPAergic inhibition remains to be explored. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The mechanism of perampanel action was studied with the basolateral amygdala network containing pyramidal-inhibitory neuronal resonators in seizure models of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and electrical kindling. KEY RESULTS Application of either 4-AP or electrical kindling to the basolateral amygdala readily induces AMPAergic transmission-dependent reverberating activities between pyramidal-inhibitory neuronal resonators, which are chiefly characterized by burst discharges in inhibitory neurons and corresponding recurrent inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in pyramidal neurons. Perampanel reduces post-kindling "paroxysmal depolarizing shift" especially in pyramidal neurons and, counterintuitively, eliminates burst activities in inhibitory neurons and inhibitory synaptic inputs onto excitatory pyramidal neurons to result in prevention of epileptiform discharges and seizure behaviours. Intriguingly, similar effects can be obtained with not only the AMPA receptor antagonist CNQX but also the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline, which is usually considered as a proconvulsant. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Ictogenesis depends on the AMPA receptor-dependent recruitment of pyramidal-inhibitory neuronal network oscillations tuned by dynamic glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission. The anticonvulsant effect of perampanel then stems from disruption of the coordinated network activities rather than simply decreased neuronal excitability or excitatory transmission. Positive or negative modulation of epileptic network reverberations may be pro-ictogenic or anti-ictogenic, respectively, constituting a more applicable rationale for the therapy against seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hsun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Yu Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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12
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Narangoda C, Sakipov SN, Kurnikova MG. AMPA Receptor Noncompetitive Inhibitors Occupy a Promiscuous Binding Site. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4511-4521. [PMID: 31596070 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncompetitive inhibitors of AMPA receptors have attracted interest in recent years as antiepileptic drugs. However, their development is hindered by a lack of detailed understanding of the protein-inhibitor interaction mechanisms. Recently, structures of AMPA receptor complexes with the structurally dissimilar, noncompetitive, small-molecule inhibitors pyridone perampanel (PMP), GYKI 53655 (GYKI), and CP 465022 (CP) were resolved, revealing that all three share a common binding site. However, due to the low resolution of the ligands, their exact binding modes and protein-ligand interactions remain ambiguous and insufficiently detailed. We carried out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on X-ray-resolved and docked AMPA receptor complexes, including thermodynamic integration (TI) to compute ligand binding constants, in order to investigate the inhibitor binding modes in detail and identify key protein-ligand interaction mechanisms. Our analysis and simulations show that the ligand binding pocket at the interface of the receptor's transmembrane domain exhibits features also found in the binding pockets of the multidrug-resistance proteins. The inhibitors bind to such promiscuous pockets by forming multiple weak contacts, while the large, flexible pocket undergoes adjustments to accommodate structurally different ligands in different orientations. TI was able to identify a specific more favorable binding mode for GYKI, while PMP, which has a symmetric ring structure, produced several comparable poses indicating that it may bind in several orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamali Narangoda
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Serzhan N. Sakipov
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Maria G. Kurnikova
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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13
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14
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Shi EY, Yuan CL, Sipple MT, Srinivasan J, Ptak CP, Oswald RE, Nowak LM. Noncompetitive antagonists induce cooperative AMPA receptor channel gating. J Gen Physiol 2019; 151:156-173. [PMID: 30622133 PMCID: PMC6363417 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate activates individual subunits of AMPA receptors in a stepwise manner. Shi et al. reveal that two noncompetitive antagonists disrupt this gating pattern and that their binding sites at the boundary between the transmembrane and extracellular linker domains is a tunable locus for gating. Glutamate is released from presynaptic nerve terminals in the central nervous system (CNS) and spreads excitation by binding to and activating postsynaptic iGluRs. Of the potential glutamate targets, tetrameric AMPA receptors mediate fast, transient CNS signaling. Each of the four AMPA subunits in the receptor channel complex is capable of binding glutamate at its ligand-binding domains and transmitting the energy of activation to the pore domain. Homotetrameric AMPA receptor channels open in a stepwise manner, consistent with independent activation of individual subunits, and they exhibit complex kinetic behavior that manifests as temporal shifts between four different conductance levels. Here, we investigate how two AMPA receptor-selective noncompetitive antagonists, GYKI-52466 and GYKI-53655, disrupt the intrinsic step-like gating patterns of maximally activated homotetrameric GluA3 receptors using single-channel recordings from cell-attached patches. Interactions of these 2,3-benzodiazepines with residues in the boundary between the extracellular linkers and transmembrane helical domains reorganize the gating behavior of channels. Low concentrations of modulators stabilize open and closed states to different degrees and coordinate the activation of subunits so that channels open directly from closed to higher conductance levels. Using kinetic and structural models, we provide insight into how the altered gating patterns might arise from molecular contacts within the extracellular linker-channel boundary. Our results suggest that this region may be a tunable locus for AMPA receptor channel gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Y Shi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Christine L Yuan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Matthew T Sipple
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | | | - Robert E Oswald
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Linda M Nowak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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15
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Augustin K, Williams S, Cunningham M, Devlin AM, Friedrich M, Jayasekera A, Hussain MA, Holliman D, Mitchell P, Jenkins A, Chen PE, Walker MC, Williams RSB. Perampanel and decanoic acid show synergistic action against AMPA receptors and seizures. Epilepsia 2018; 59:e172-e178. [PMID: 30324610 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Perampanel is an adjunctive treatment for epilepsy that works through the direct inhibition of AMPA receptors. The same molecular mechanism has recently been shown for a fatty acid, decanoic acid, prescribed in the medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet for the treatment of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Because each compound has been proposed to act through a distinct AMPA receptor binding site, we predicted that perampanel and decanoic acid would act synergistically against AMPA receptors and, consequently, seizures. Here, we show a synergistic interaction between perampanel and decanoic acid in direct AMPA receptor inhibition, in an ex vivo model of seizure activity, and against seizure-induced activity in human brain slices. These data support a potential role for combination treatment using perampanel and dietary decanoic acid to provide enhanced seizure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Augustin
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Sophie Williams
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Cunningham
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, UK
| | - Anita M Devlin
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Great North Children's Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Maximilian Friedrich
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ashan Jayasekera
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mohammed A Hussain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Damian Holliman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Patrick Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alistair Jenkins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Philip E Chen
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Matthew C Walker
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robin S B Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
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16
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Mohammad H, Sekar S, Wei Z, Moien-Afshari F, Taghibiglou C. Perampanel but Not Amantadine Prevents Behavioral Alterations and Epileptogenesis in Pilocarpine Rat Model of Status Epilepticus. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2508-2523. [PMID: 30039334 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE), which results in the development of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRSs) activates glutamatergic receptors that contribute to seizure sustenance and neuronal cell death. In the current study, we evaluate whether the exposure to perampanel, an α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor blocker, or amantadine, a N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor blocker would reduce the SE-induced long-term consequences. SE was induced in adult male Sprague Dawley rats with pilocarpine. Perampanel or amantadine was injected 10 or 60 min after SE onset. The efficacy of either, in overcoming pilocarpine-induced SE was assessed using electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. In addition, alterations in cognitive function, development of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRSs), and hippocampal damage that are generally encountered after SE were also assessed at 72 h and 5 weeks after the induction of SE. Our results indicate that both early and late treatment with perampanel but not amantadine significantly reduced seizure activity. Furthermore, perampanel but not amantadine, reversed the memory deficits in Y-maze and novel object recognition (NOR) tests and retarded the appearance of SRSs. Moreover, perampanel treatment led to reduced SE-induced caspase-3 activation in the hippocampal lysates. Taken together, the data obtained from the study reveals that blocking AMPA receptors by perampanel can modify SE-induced long-term consequences. Our results may provide a proof of principle for the potential therapeutic application of perampanel in clinical use for status epilepticus in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Mohammad
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Sathiya Sekar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Zelan Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Farzad Moien-Afshari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Colombia, 8247-2775 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - Changiz Taghibiglou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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17
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Rider FK. [Perampanel in the treatment of patients with epilepsy]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2017; 117:63-69. [PMID: 29213041 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20171179263-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Development of new antiepileptic drugs (AED) does not stop due to the fact that the number of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy remains at about 30%. One of the newest AEDs is perampanel (PER), a selective, non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist to target post-synaptic glutamate transmission. PER is approved in the Russian Federation as adjunctive treatment for focal seizures with or without secondarily generalized seizures and for primary generalized tonic-clonic (PGTC) seizures in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) in patients with epilepsy aged ≥12 years. The drug is effective and well-tolerated in the dose of 4-8 mg/day, and most side effects are dose-dependent. The high efficacy of PER combined with the good tolerability, absence of life-threatening adverse reactions and convenient intake allow us to recommend PER as the first choice additional drug in treatment of patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F K Rider
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Di Bonaventura C, Labate A, Maschio M, Meletti S, Russo E. AMPA receptors and perampanel behind selected epilepsies: current evidence and future perspectives. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017; 18:1751-1764. [PMID: 29023170 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2017.1392509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors are the major mediators of glutamate-mediated excitatory neurotransmission, and are critical for synchronization and spread of epileptic activity. Areas covered: AMPA receptor antagonists have been also developed as antiepileptic drugs and perampanel (PER) is the first highly selective, non-competitive AMPA-type glutamate receptor antagonist that is available on the market. It is approved as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures with or without secondary generalization, and for primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in idiopathic generalized epilepsy, in patients aged ≥ 12 years. This article reviews the role of AMPA receptors in the neuronal hyperexcitability underlying epilepsy, the mechanism of action and clinical experience on the anti-seizure activity of PER. Moreover, the rationale for targeting AMPA receptor in specific epileptic disorders, including brain tumor-related epilepsy, mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with/without hippocampal sclerosis, and status epilepticus is evaluated. Finally, the pharmacological rationale for the development of AMPA receptor antagonists in other neurological disorders beyond epilepsy is considered. Expert opinion: Further research aimed at better understanding the pharmacology and blocking mechanism of PER and other AMPA receptor antagonists will drive future development of therapeutic agents that target epilepsy and other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Di Bonaventura
- a Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Neurology Unit , 'Sapienza' University , Rome , Italy
| | - Angelo Labate
- b Institute of Neurology , University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy.,c Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology of the National Research Council , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Marta Maschio
- d Center for Tumor-related Epilepsy, UOSD Neurology , Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Stefano Meletti
- e Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- f Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine and Surgery , University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
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19
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Wu T, Ido K, Osada Y, Kotani S, Tamaoka A, Hanada T. The neuroprotective effect of perampanel in lithium-pilocarpine rat seizure model. Epilepsy Res 2017. [PMID: 28624183 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Status epilepticus (SE) causes irreversible neurodegeneration if not terminated quickly. Perampanel (PER), a potent AMPA receptor antagonist, has previously been shown to terminate seizures in the lithium-pilocarpine SE model. In the present study, we assessed whether PER would also prevent neuronal damage in this model. METHODS SE was induced in rats using lithium chloride and pilocarpine. Initiation of SE was defined as continuous seizures that exhibited as rearing accompanied by bilateral forelimb clonus (Racine score 4). Either PER (0.6, 2, or 6mg/kg) or diazepam (DZP, 10mg/kg) was administered intravenously 30min after SE initiation. Histopathological samples from treated and seizure-naive rats were taken one week after treatment and then stained with an anti-neuronal nuclei (NeuN) antibody. The sections were analyzed by using a pixel-counting algorithm to quantify the amount of staining in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus, piriform cortex (Pir), and mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD). RESULTS DZP administration did not suppress seizures or the degeneration of neurons in the examined areas. Seizures were terminated in 100% of rats treated with 6mg/kg PER (n=8) and in 47% (7/15) of rats treated with 2mg/kg PER, and neurons in the analyzed areas of these animals were preserved to the level seen in naive rats. In the eight animals in which 2mg/kg PER did not terminate the seizures, neuronal loss was partially attenuated in CA1 and Pir, and neurons were fully preserved in MD. Treatment with 0.6mg/kg PER did not terminate the seizures or significantly preserve neurons. The anti-seizure effect of PER correlated well with the degree of neuroprotection in each analyzed area. CONCLUSIONS PER exhibited a strong neuroprotective effect in a drug-refractory SE model, and this effect was correlated with its attenuation of seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Neurology, Tsukuba Research Department, Discovery, Medicine Creation, Neurology Business Group, Eisai Co., Ltd., Japan; Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Katsutoshi Ido
- Neurology, Tsukuba Research Department, Discovery, Medicine Creation, Neurology Business Group, Eisai Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Yoshihide Osada
- Neurology, Tsukuba Research Department, Discovery, Medicine Creation, Neurology Business Group, Eisai Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Sadaharu Kotani
- Neurology, Tsukuba Research Department, Discovery, Medicine Creation, Neurology Business Group, Eisai Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hanada
- Neurology, Tsukuba Research Department, Discovery, Medicine Creation, Neurology Business Group, Eisai Co., Ltd., Japan
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