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Lu M, Wang Y, Ren H, Yin X, Li H. Research progress on the mechanism of action and clinical application of remote ischemic post-conditioning for acute ischemic stroke. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2024; 244:108397. [PMID: 38968813 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Remote ischemic post-conditioning (RIPostC) can reduce cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) by inducing endogenous protective effects, the distal limb ischemia post-treatment and in situ ischemia post-treatment were classified according to the site of intervention. And in the process of clinical application distal limb ischemia post-treatment is more widely used and more conducive to clinical translation. Therefore, in this paper, we review the mechanism of action and clinical application of RIPostC in cerebral ischemia, hoping to provide reference help for future experimental directions and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu
- Department of Nursing, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Nursing, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Nursing, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Nursing, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Lee DH, Lee EC, Park SW, Lee JY, Lee MR, Oh JS. Pathogenesis of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Role of the Glymphatic System Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8752. [PMID: 39201439 PMCID: PMC11354389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a group of pathologies that affect the cerebral blood vessels. CSVD accounts for 25% of strokes and contributes to 45% of dementia. However, the pathogenesis of CSVD remains unclear, involving a variety of complex mechanisms. CSVD may result from dysfunction in the glymphatic system (GS). The GS contains aquaporin-4 (AQP-4), which is in the perivascular space, at the endfeet of the astrocyte. The GS contributes to the removal of waste products from the central nervous system, occupying perivascular spaces and regulating the exchange and movement of cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid. The GS involves astrocytes and aquaporin channels, which are components of the blood-brain barrier, and problems with them may constitute the pathogenesis of CSVD. Vascular risk factors, including diabetes, dilate the perivascular space, disrupting the glymphatic system and the active regulation of AQP-4. CSVD exacerbation due to disorders of the GS is associated with multiple vasculopathies. Dysfunction of the glymphatic system and AQP-4 interferes with the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, which exacerbates CSVD. In a long-term follow-up of CSVD patients with microbleeds, lacunar infarcts, and white matter hyperintensity, several vascular risk factors, including hypertension, increased the risk of ischemic stroke. Dysfunction of the GS may be the cause of CSVD; however, the underlying treatment needs to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Lee
- Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Chae Lee
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu 11765, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu 11765, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Ryul Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sang Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu 11765, Republic of Korea
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Hirose Y, Oda Y, Yoshino K, Yano F, Kimura M, Kimura H, Iyo M, Shirayama Y. Reduction of claudin-5 and aquaporin-4 in the rat hippocampal CA-1 and CA-3 regions of a learned helplessness model of depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 234:173676. [PMID: 37992974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although findings from both animal and clinical research indicate that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) contributes to the pathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders (including depression), the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We investigated the levels of the tight-junction proteins claudin-5 and aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) in astrocytes of learned helplessness (LH) rats (an animal model of depression) and non-LH rats (a model of resilience). METHODS We administered inescapable mild electric shock to rats and then identified the LH and non-LH rats by a post-shock test. The expressions of claudin-5 and AQP-4 in several brain regions of the LH and non-LH rats were then evaluated by a western blot analysis. RESULTS The levels of both claudin-5 and AQP-4 in the CA-1 and CA-3 hippocampal areas of the LH group were significantly lower than those of the control group, whereas those of the non-LH rats were not significantly different from those of the control and LH rats. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that LH rats but not non-LH rats experienced down-regulations of claudin-5 and AQP-4 in the CA-1 and CA-3. It is possible that a region-specific modulation of claudin-5 and AQP-4 is involved in the mechanisms of vulnerability but not resilience in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hirose
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasunori Oda
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Kouhei Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Yano
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Makoto Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Shirayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3 Anesaki, Ichihara, Chiba 290-0111, Japan
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Cui Y, Wang XH, Zhao Y, Chen SY, Sheng BY, Wang LH, Chen HS. Association of serum biomarkers with early neurologic improvement after intravenous thrombolysis in ischemic stroke. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277020. [PMID: 36315566 PMCID: PMC9621449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early neurologic improvement (ENI) after intravenous thrombolysis is associated with favorable outcome, but associated serum biomarkers were not fully determined. We aimed to investigate the issue based on a prospective cohort. METHODS In INTRECIS study, five centers were designed to consecutively collect blood sample from enrolled patients. The patients with ENI and without ENI were matched by propensity score matching with a ratio of 1:1. Preset 49 biomarkers were measured through microarray analysis. Enrichment of gene ontology and pathway, and protein-protein interaction network were analyzed in the identified biomarkers. RESULTS Of 358 patients, 19 patients with ENI were assigned to ENI group, while 19 matched patients without ENI were assigned to Non ENI group. A total of nine biomarkers were found different between two groups, in which serum levels of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-23, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)-12, insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-6, interleukin (IL)-5, lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor (LYVE)-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, suppression of tumorigenicity (ST)-2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were higher in the ENI group, compared with those in the Non ENI group. CONCLUSIONS We found that serum levels of CCL-23, CXCL-12, IGFBP-6, IL-5, LYVE-1, PAI-1, PDGF-AA, ST-2, and TNF-α at admission were associated with post-thrombolytic ENI in stroke. The role of biomarkers warrants further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; identifier: NCT02854592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cui
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin-Hong Wang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Haicheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haicheng, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army 321 Hospital, Baicheng, China
| | - Bao-Ying Sheng
- Department of Neurology, Jiamusi University First Affiliated Hospital, Jiamusi, China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, China
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Stroke and Emerging Blood Biomarkers: A Clinical Prospective. Neurol Int 2022; 14:784-803. [PMID: 36278689 PMCID: PMC9589939 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint14040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke constitutes the primary source of adult functional disability, exhibiting a paramount socioeconomic burden. Thus, it is of great importance that the prediction of stroke outcome be both prompt and accurate. Although modern neuroimaging and neurophysiological techniques are accessible, easily available blood biomarkers reflecting underlying stroke-related pathophysiological processes, including glial and/or neuronal death, neuroendocrine responses, inflammation, increased oxidative stress, blood–brain barrier disruption, endothelial dysfunction, and hemostasis, are required in order to facilitate stroke prognosis. A literature search of two databases (MEDLINE and Science Direct) was conducted in order to trace all relevant studies published between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2021 that focused on the clinical utility of brain natriuretic peptide, glial fibrillary acidic protein, the red cell distribution width, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and aquaporin-4 as prognostic tools in stroke survivors. Only full-text articles published in English were included. Twenty-eight articles were identified and are included in this review. All studied blood-derived biomarkers proved to be valuable prognostic tools poststroke, the clinical implementation of which may accurately predict the survivors’ functional outcomes, thus significantly enhancing the rehabilitation efficiency of stroke patients. Along with already utilized clinical, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging biomarkers, a blood-derived multi-biomarker panel is proposed as a reasonable approach to enhance the predictive power of stroke prognostic models.
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Xu S, Wei W, Zhang F, Chen T, Dong L, Shi J, Wu X, Zhang T, Li Z, Zhang J, Li X, Chen J. Transcriptomic Profiling of Intracranial Arteries in Adult Patients With Moyamoya Disease Reveals Novel Insights Into Its Pathogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:881954. [PMID: 35711733 PMCID: PMC9197469 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.881954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare, progressively steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disorder of unknown etiology. Here, we revealed the gene expression profile of the intracranial arteries in MMD via the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). We identified 556 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for MMD, including 449 and 107 significantly upregulated or downregulated genes. Compared with atherosclerosis-associated intracranial artery stenosis/occlusion (AS-ICASO) controls, upregulated genes were mainly involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, whereas downregulated genes were primarily associated with mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation in MMD. Moreover, we found that a separate sex analysis uncovers more DEGs (n = 1.022) compared to an combined sex analysis in MMD. We identified 133 and 439 sex-specific DEGs for men and women in MMD, respectively. About 95.6% of sex-specific DEGs were protein-coding genes and 3% of the genes belonged to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA). Sex-specific DEGs were observed on all chromosomes, of which 95.49 and 96.59% were autosomal genes in men and women, respectively. These sex-specific DEGs, such as aquaporin-4 (AQP4), superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), and nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1), may contribute to sex differences in MMD. This transcriptomic study highlighted that ECM and mitochondrial function are the central molecular mechanisms underlying MMD, and revealed sex differences in the gene expression in the intracranial arteries, thereby providing new insights into the pathogenesis of MMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feiyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixin Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jichun Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingbao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Jianjian Zhang
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Xiang Li
| | - Jincao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jincao Chen
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Yang S, Kong XY, Hu T, Ge YJ, Li XY, Chen JT, He S, Zhang P, Chen GH. Aquaporin-4, Connexin-30, and Connexin-43 as Biomarkers for Decreased Objective Sleep Quality and/or Cognition Dysfunction in Patients With Chronic Insomnia Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:856867. [PMID: 35401278 PMCID: PMC8989729 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.856867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine serum concentrations of aquaporin-4 (AQP4), connexin-30 (CX30), connexin-43 (CX43), and their correlations with cognitive function in the patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID). METHODS We enrolled 76 subjects with CID and 32 healthy controls (HCs). Serum levels of AQP4, CX30, and CX43 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and polysomnography, and mood was evaluated with 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Chinese-Beijing Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-C) and Nine Box Maze Test. RESULTS The serum levels of AQP4, CX43, and CX30 were significantly reduced in the CID group compared to the HCs. Partial correlation analysis showed that the biomarkers showed no significant correlations with PSQI score, AHI, ODI and TS90, but AQP4, CX43, and CX30 were positively associated with the percentage and total time of slow wave sleep in the CID group. Serum concentrations of AQP4 and CX30 were positively associated with MoCA-C score in the CID group, and AQP4 level negatively correlated with spatial working memory errors. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with CID patients have decreased serum levels of AQP4, CX30, and CX43 indicating astrocyte dysfunction, which could be related to poor objective sleep quality and/or cognition dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Kong
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Jun Ge
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xue-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Tao Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuo He
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Marazuela P, Bonaterra-Pastra A, Faura J, Penalba A, Pizarro J, Pancorbo O, Rodríguez-Luna D, Vert C, Rovira A, Pujadas F, Freijo MM, Tur S, Martínez-Zabaleta M, Cardona Portela P, Vera R, Lebrato-Hernández L, Arenillas JF, Pérez-Sánchez S, Montaner J, Delgado P, Hernández-Guillamon M. Circulating AQP4 Levels in Patients with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10050989. [PMID: 33801197 PMCID: PMC7957864 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10050989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a major cause of lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in elderly patients. Growing evidence suggests a potential role of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in amyloid-beta-associated diseases, including CAA pathology. Our aim was to investigate the circulating levels of AQP4 in a cohort of patients who had suffered a lobar ICH with a clinical diagnosis of CAA. AQP4 levels were analyzed in the serum of 60 CAA-related ICH patients and 19 non-stroke subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The CAA–ICH cohort was divided according to the time point of the functional outcome evaluation: mid-term (12 ± 18.6 months) and long-term (38.5 ± 32.9 months) after the last ICH. Although no differences were found in AQP4 serum levels between cases and controls, lower levels were found in CAA patients presenting specific hemorrhagic features such as ≥2 lobar ICHs and ≥5 lobar microbleeds detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, CAA-related ICH patients who presented a long-term good functional outcome had higher circulating AQP4 levels than subjects with a poor outcome or controls. Our data suggest that AQP4 could potentially predict a long-term functional outcome and may play a protective role after a lobar ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Marazuela
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (A.B.-P.); (J.F.); (A.P.); (J.P.); (J.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Anna Bonaterra-Pastra
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (A.B.-P.); (J.F.); (A.P.); (J.P.); (J.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Júlia Faura
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (A.B.-P.); (J.F.); (A.P.); (J.P.); (J.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Anna Penalba
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (A.B.-P.); (J.F.); (A.P.); (J.P.); (J.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Jesús Pizarro
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (A.B.-P.); (J.F.); (A.P.); (J.P.); (J.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Olalla Pancorbo
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d’Hebron Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (O.P.); (D.R.-L.)
| | - David Rodríguez-Luna
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d’Hebron Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (O.P.); (D.R.-L.)
| | - Carla Vert
- Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Vall d’Hebron Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.V.); (A.R.)
| | - Alex Rovira
- Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Vall d’Hebron Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.V.); (A.R.)
| | - Francesc Pujadas
- Dementia Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d’Hebron Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - M. Mar Freijo
- Neurovascular Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
| | - Silvia Tur
- Neurology, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Balearic Islands, Spain;
| | | | - Pere Cardona Portela
- Department of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rocío Vera
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Juan F. Arenillas
- Stroke Program, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (A.B.-P.); (J.F.); (A.P.); (J.P.); (J.M.); (P.D.)
- Department of Neurology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Sevilla, Spain;
- Stroke Research Program, Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, University of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pilar Delgado
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (A.B.-P.); (J.F.); (A.P.); (J.P.); (J.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Mar Hernández-Guillamon
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (A.B.-P.); (J.F.); (A.P.); (J.P.); (J.M.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Wu YF, Sytwu HK, Lung FW. Polymorphisms in the Human Aquaporin 4 Gene Are Associated With Schizophrenia in the Southern Chinese Han Population: A Case-Control Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:596. [PMID: 32676041 PMCID: PMC7333661 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In psychiatric illness, pathogenic role of neuroinflammation has been supported by multiple lines of evidence. Astrocytes contribute to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with formation of the "glymphatic" drainage system of the central nervous system (CNS) through perivascular processes. Found primarily at the end-feet of astrocytes, the aquaporin 4 (AQP4) gene has been suspected to play putative roles in the development of psychiatric disorders as well as the clearance of the glymphatic system. However, there remain many uncertainties because of the limited research on AQP4. The present study is focused on the association between AQP4 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia (SCZ) in the Southern Chinese Han population. METHODS Two hundred ninety-two patients and 100 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. To study the relationship of AQP4 gene polymorphisms and SCZ, genetic information was drawn from a cohort of 100 healthy controls and 100 matched patients with SCZ of Southern Han Chinese descent. Comparisons of the allele and genotype distributions between control and case groups were made using the χ2 test. Two-group comparisons were made to assess the linkage equilibrium and haplotype. RESULTS Three SNPs were found. In comparison to healthy controls, patients had higher T-allele frequencies at rs1058424 and G-allele frequencies at rs3763043 (p = 0.043 and p = 0.045, respectively). Furthermore, there is an association between the decreased risk of SCZ and the AA genotype at both rs1058424 (p = 0.021, OR = 2.04) and rs3763043 (p = 0.018, OR = 2.25) The TCG haplotype (p = 0.036) was associated with a potential risk of SCZ, while the ACA haplotype (p = 0.0007) was associated with a decreased risk of SCZ and retained statistical significance after Bonferroni correction (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS An etiological reference for SCZ is provided by the association between AQP4 gene polymorphisms and SCZ in Southern Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Fu Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - For-Wey Lung
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Calo Psychiatric Center, Pingtung County, Taiwan
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