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Zhang J, Zhu Q, Wang J, Peng Z, Zhuang Z, Hang C, Li W. Mitochondrial dysfunction and quality control lie at the heart of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:825-832. [PMID: 37843218 PMCID: PMC10664111 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.381493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The dramatic increase in intracranial pressure after subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure and a reduction in cerebral blood flow. Mitochondria are directly affected by direct factors such as ischemia, hypoxia, excitotoxicity, and toxicity of free hemoglobin and its degradation products, which trigger mitochondrial dysfunction. Dysfunctional mitochondria release large amounts of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory mediators, and apoptotic proteins that activate apoptotic pathways, further damaging cells. In response to this array of damage, cells have adopted multiple mitochondrial quality control mechanisms through evolution, including mitochondrial protein quality control, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and intercellular mitochondrial transfer, to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis under pathological conditions. Specific interventions targeting mitochondrial quality control mechanisms have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for subarachnoid hemorrhage. This review provides an overview of recent research advances in mitochondrial pathophysiological processes after subarachnoid hemorrhage, particularly mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. It also presents potential therapeutic strategies to target mitochondrial quality control in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zong Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chunhua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Du X, Zeng Q, Luo Y, He L, Zhao Y, Li N, Han C, Zhang G, Liu W. Application research of novel peptide mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant SS-31 in mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrion 2024; 75:101846. [PMID: 38237649 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Due to the pivotal role of mitochondria in the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the regulation of cellular homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction may exert a profound impact on various physiological systems, potentially precipitating a spectrum of distinct diseases. Consequently, research pertaining to mitochondrial therapeutics has assumed increasing significance, warranting heightened scrutiny. In recent years, the field of mitochondrial therapy has witnessed noteworthy advancements, with active exploration into diverse pharmacological agents aimed at ameliorating mitochondrial function. Elamipretide (SS-31), a novel synthetic mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, has emerged as a promising candidate with extensive therapeutic potential. Its notable attributes encompass the mitigation of oxidative stress, the suppression of inflammatory processes, the maintenance of mitochondrial dynamics, and the prevention of cellular apoptosis. As such, SS-31 may emerge as a viable choice for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction-related ailments in the foreseeable future. This article extensively expounds upon the superiority of SS-31 over natural antioxidants and traditional mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants, delves into its mechanisms of modulating mitochondrial function, and comprehensively summarizes its applications in alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction-associated disorders. Furthermore, we offer a comprehensive outlook on the expansive prospects of SS-31's future development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Du
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610045, China.
| | - Qin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610045, China; Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, SCU-CUHK, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yunchang Luo
- Biology Major, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
| | - Libing He
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610045, China.
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610045, China; School of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610083, China.
| | - Ninjing Li
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610045, China.
| | - Changli Han
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610045, China.
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610045, China.
| | - Weixin Liu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610045, China.
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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Wang X, Liu Y, Yu Q, Wang K, Fang Y, Lenahan C, Chen M, Chen S. Connection between oxidative stress and subcellular organelle in subarachnoid hemorrhage: Novel mechanisms and therapeutic implications. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3672-3683. [PMID: 37408392 PMCID: PMC10651993 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the most devastating forms of stroke, with limited treatment modalities and poor patient outcomes. Previous studies have proposed multiple prognostic factors; however, relative research on treatment has not yet yielded favorable clinical outcomes. Moreover, recent studies have suggested that early brain injury (EBI) occurring within 72 h after SAH may contribute to its poor clinical outcomes. Oxidative stress is recognized as one of the main mechanisms of EBI, which causes damage to various subcellular organelles, including the mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and lysosomes. This could lead to significant impairment of numerous cellular functions, such as energy supply, protein synthesis, and autophagy, which may directly contribute to the development of EBI and poor long-term prognostic outcomes. In this review, the mechanisms underlying the connection between oxidative stress and subcellular organelles after SAH are discussed, and promising therapeutic options based on these mechanisms are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Yibo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Kaikai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Center for Neuroscience ResearchLoma Linda University School of MedicineLoma LindaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Maohua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Central HospitalAffiliated Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
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Jia YL, Wang W, Han N, Sun HL, Dong FM, Song YX, Feng RF, Wang JH. The mitochondria-targeted small molecule SS31 delays progression of behavioral deficits by attenuating β-amyloid plaque formation and mitochondrial/synaptic deterioration in APP/PS1 mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 658:36-43. [PMID: 37018887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and an impaired ability to carry out daily life functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction and β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition are the most common causes of AD. Antioxidants have been shown to delay brain aging and AD development; however, it remains unknown whether the antioxidant peptide SS31 can protect mitochondrial and synaptic function and delay the progression of behavioral deficits in early-stage AD in vivo. Therefore, in this study we compared mitochondrial and synaptic changes, as well as the protective effects of SS31, in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and C57BL/6J control mice. The APP/PS1 transgenic mice exhibited elevated expression of Aβ40/Aβ42 and mitochondrial fission protein DLP1 and reduced expression of synaptophysin (SYN) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) reductions, as well as increased levels of neuronal apoptosis and ROS in the hippocampus, and long-term treatment with SS31 reversed these effects. Furthermore, the cognitive impairments observed in APP/PS1 transgenic mice were reversed by SS31 treatment. Our findings show that SS31 lowers ROS and Aβ levels, protecting mitochondrial homeostasis and synaptic integrity, and ultimately improving behavioral deficits in early-stage AD. This suggests that SS31 is a potential pharmacological agent for treating or slowing the progression of AD.
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He C, Xu Y, Sun J, Li L, Zhang JH, Wang Y. Autophagy and Apoptosis in Acute Brain Injuries: From Mechanism to Treatment. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:234-257. [PMID: 35579958 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Autophagy and apoptosis are two important cellular mechanisms behind brain injuries, which are severe clinical situations with increasing incidences worldwide. To search for more and better treatments for brain injuries, it is essential to deepen the understanding of autophagy, apoptosis, and their interactions in brain injuries. This article first analyzes how autophagy and apoptosis participate in the pathogenetic processes of brain injuries respectively and mutually, then summarizes some promising treatments targeting autophagy and apoptosis to show the potential clinical applications in personalized medicine and precision medicine in the future. Recent Advances: Most current studies suggest that apoptosis is detrimental to brain recovery. Several studies indicate that autophagy can cause unnecessary death of neurons after brain injuries, while others show that autophagy is beneficial for acute brain injuries (ABIs) by facilitating the removal of damaged proteins and organelles. Whether autophagy is beneficial or detrimental in ABIs depends on many factors, and the results from different research groups are diverse or even controversial, making this topic more appealing to be explored further. Critical Issues: Neuronal autophagy and apoptosis are two primary pathological processes in ABIs. How they interact with each other and how their regulations affect the outcome and prognosis of brain injuries remain uncertain, making these answers more critical. Future Directions: Insights into the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis and the accurate regulations of their balance in ABIs may promote personalized and precise treatments in the field of brain injuries. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 234-257.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu He
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical and Public Health School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical and Public Health School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical and Public Health School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Layla Li
- Faculty of Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Yuechun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical and Public Health School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Li MC, Tian Q, Liu S, Han SM, Zhang W, Qin XY, Chen JH, Liu CL, Guo YJ. The mechanism and relevant mediators associated with neuronal apoptosis and potential therapeutic targets in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:244-252. [PMID: 35900398 PMCID: PMC9396483 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.346542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a dominant cause of death and disability worldwide. A sharp increase in intracranial pressure after SAH leads to a reduction in cerebral perfusion and insufficient blood supply for neurons, which subsequently promotes a series of pathophysiological responses leading to neuronal death. Many previous experimental studies have reported that excitotoxicity, mitochondrial death pathways, the release of free radicals, protein misfolding, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and inflammation are involved solely or in combination in this disorder. Among them, irreversible neuronal apoptosis plays a key role in both short- and long-term prognoses after SAH. Neuronal apoptosis occurs through multiple pathways including extrinsic, mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum, p53 and oxidative stress. Meanwhile, a large number of blood contents enter the subarachnoid space after SAH, and the secondary metabolites, including oxygenated hemoglobin and heme, further aggravate the destruction of the blood-brain barrier and vasogenic and cytotoxic brain edema, causing early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischemia, and ultimately increasing neuronal apoptosis. Even there is no clear and effective therapeutic strategy for SAH thus far, but by understanding apoptosis, we might excavate new ideas and approaches, as targeting the upstream and downstream molecules of apoptosis-related pathways shows promise in the treatment of SAH. In this review, we summarize the existing evidence on molecules and related drugs or molecules involved in the apoptotic pathway after SAH, which provides a possible target or new strategy for the treatment of SAH.
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7
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Du H, He Y, Zhu J, Zhou H, Shao C, Yang J, Wan H. Danhong injection alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway and improving mitochondrial function in hyperlipidemia rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114075. [PMID: 36481401 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia threatens human health and life. Hyperlipidemia is a risk of cerebral ischemia. Danhong injection (DHI) is a traditional Chinese medical preparation for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. However, the effects of DHI on mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and mitochondrial function following cerebral ischemia in hyperlipidemia rats are not clear. In this study, SD rats were fed by high-fat diet for six weeks to establish the hyperlipidemia model, except for the sham and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) groups. Hyperlipidemia rats were assigned into I/R + high-fat diet (HFD) group, DHI 1 mL/kg group, and DHI 2 mL/kg group. DHI was administrated to the drug group via caudal vein for seven consecutive days (once per day). Subsequently, rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1 h and reperfusion for 24 h. The results showed that DHI significantly reduced cerebral infarction volume, ameliorated neurological function, improved pathological changes, and inhibited apoptosis. DHI could significantly restore the levels of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I-IV, increase the ATP content and COX activity, and decrease the level of OFR in the ischemic brain mitochondria of hyperlipidemia rats after I/R. DHI significantly regulated the levels of cytochrome c (Cyt c), Apaf1, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 in brain tissue, and improved mitochondrial dynamics (Mfn1, Mfn2, OPA1, Drp1, and Fis1). The results indicate that DHI could alleviate ischemic brain injury in hyperlipidemia rats, and the mechanism may be to improve mitochondrial function by restoring the mitochondrial respiratory chain and changing the protein balance of mitochondrial fusion and fission, and inhibiting mitochondria-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Du
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chongyu Shao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Zhou J, Shen R, Makale EC, Zhong W, Chen Z, Huang Q. SS31 Confers Cerebral Protection by Reversing Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Early Brain Injury Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, via the Nrf2- and PGC-1α-Dependent Pathways. Neurochem Res 2022; 48:1580-1595. [PMID: 36574150 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In early brain injury (EBI), oxidative stress occurs following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and mitochondria are intricately linked to this process. SS31, a mitochondria-targeting antioxidative peptide, has been demonstrated to be beneficial for multiple diseases because of its powerful antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Although our previous study revealed that SS31 was involved in the powerful antioxidant effect following SAH, the underlying molecular mechanisms remained unclear. Thus, our study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of SS31 by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction in EBI following SAH, via activating the Nrf2 signaling and PGC-1α pathways. Our findings confirmed that SS31 ameliorated SAH-triggered oxidative insult. SS31 administration decreased redundant reactive oxygen species, alleviated lipid peroxidation, and elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Concomitant with the inhibited oxidative insult, SS31 dramatically attenuated neurological deficits, cerebral edema, neural apoptosis, and blood-brain barrier disruption following SAH. Moreover, SS31 remarkably promoted nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear shuttle and upregulated the expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 and NADPH: quinine oxidoreductase1. Additionally, SS31 enhanced the expression levels of PGC-1α and its target genes, and increased the mtDNA copy number, promoting mitochondrial function. However, PGC-1α-specific inhibitor SR-18292 pretreatment dramatically suppressed SS31-induced Nrf2 expression and PGC-1α activation. Furthermore, pretreatment with SR-18292 reversed the neuroprotective and antioxidant roles of SS31. These significant beneficial effects were associated with the activation of the Nrf2 signaling and PGC-1α pathways and were antagonized by SR-18292 administration. Our findings reveal that SS31 exhibits its neuroprotective activity by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction via activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which could be mediated through PGC-1α activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 31 Longhua Road, Haikou, 570102, Hainan Province, China
| | - Ruiming Shen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Emmanuel C Makale
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wangwang Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 31 Longhua Road, Haikou, 570102, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhenggang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 31 Longhua Road, Haikou, 570102, Hainan Province, China
| | - Qiuhu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 31 Longhua Road, Haikou, 570102, Hainan Province, China.
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Oxidative Stress and Intracranial Hypertension after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122423. [PMID: 36552631 PMCID: PMC9774559 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial hypertension is a common phenomenon in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) plays an important role in early brain injuries and is associated with unfavorable outcomes. Despite advances in the management of aSAH, there is no consensus about the mechanisms involved in ICP increases after aSAH. Recently, a growing body of evidence suggests that oxidative stress (OS) may play a crucial role in physio-pathological changes following aSAH, which may also contribute to increased ICP. Herein, we discuss a potential relation between increased ICP and OS, and resultantly propose antioxidant mechanisms as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ICP elevation following aSAH.
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Zhang Z, Chen Z, Yang L, Zhang J, Li Y, Li C, Wang R, Wang X, Huang S, Hu Y, Shi J, Xiao W. Platelet Membrane-Encapsulated MSNs Loaded with SS31 Peptide Alleviate Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:181. [PMID: 36278650 PMCID: PMC9624354 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically, antioxidant therapy is a potential strategy for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI), a common complication of acute myocardial ischemia. The H-D-Arg-Dmt-Ly-Phe-NH2 (SS31) peptide is shown to have amazing antioxidant properties, but its utilization is limited by the peptide characteristics, such as the destruction by proteases and rapid metabolism. Silica nanoparticles (MSNs) comprise an excellent material for peptide delivery, owing to the protection effect relating to peptides. Moreover, platelet membrane (PLTM) is shown to be advantageous as a coat for nanosystems because of its specific protein composition, such that a PLTM-coated nanosystem has a stealth effect in vivo, able to target injury in the cardiovascular system. Based on this feature, we designed and prepared a novel nanocarrier to target SS31 delivery. This carrier is encapsulated by a platelet membrane and loaded with SS31 peptide into MSNs. The results reveal that this delivery system can target SS31 to the injured cardiovascular site, exert antioxidant function, and alleviate MI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiyuan Zhang
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yubo Li
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chengming Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yonghe Hu
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Wenjing Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA, Chengdu 610083, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
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Zhang Z, Zhang A, Liu Y, Hu X, Fang Y, Wang X, Luo Y, Lenahan C, Chen S. New Mechanisms and Targets of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Focus on Mitochondria. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1278-1296. [PMID: 34720082 PMCID: PMC9881073 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211101103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounts for 5-10% of all strokes and is a subtype of hemorrhagic stroke that places a heavy burden on health care. Despite great progress in surgical clipping and endovascular treatment for ruptured aneurysms, cerebral vasospasm (CVS) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) threaten the long-term outcomes of patients with SAH. Moreover, there are limited drugs available to reduce the risk of DCI and adverse outcomes in SAH patients. New insight suggests that early brain injury (EBI), which occurs within 72 h after the onset of SAH, may lay the foundation for further DCI development and poor outcomes. The mechanisms of EBI mainly include excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) destruction, and cellular death. Mitochondria are a double-membrane organelle, and they play an important role in energy production, cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and survival. Mitochondrial dysfunction, which can lead to mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) collapse, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), release of apoptogenic proteins, disorders of mitochondrial dynamics, and activation of mitochondria-related inflammation, is considered a novel mechanism of EBI related to DCI as well as post-SAH outcomes. In addition, mitophagy is activated after SAH. In this review, we discuss the latest perspectives on the role of mitochondria in EBI and DCI after SAH. We emphasize the potential of mitochondria as therapeutic targets and summarize the promising therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria for SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Anke Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Yibo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China;
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;
| | - Yujie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; ,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Tel: +86-571-87784815; Fax: +86-571-87784755; E-mail:
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12
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Solár P, Zamani A, Lakatosová K, Joukal M. The blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit in subarachnoid hemorrhage: molecular events and potential treatments. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:29. [PMID: 35410231 PMCID: PMC8996682 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following a stroke, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), has been studied extensively. The main components of this reaction are endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes that affect microglia, neurons, and vascular smooth muscle cells. SAH induces alterations in individual BBB cells, leading to brain homeostasis disruption. Recent experiments have uncovered many pathophysiological cascades affecting the BBB following SAH. Targeting some of these pathways is important for restoring brain function following SAH. BBB injury occurs immediately after SAH and has long-lasting consequences, but most changes in the pathophysiological cascades occur in the first few days following SAH. These changes determine the development of early brain injury as well as delayed cerebral ischemia. SAH-induced neuroprotection also plays an important role and weakens the negative impact of SAH. Supporting some of these beneficial cascades while attenuating the major pathophysiological pathways might be decisive in inhibiting the negative impact of bleeding in the subarachnoid space. In this review, we attempt a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular changes in the BBB following SAH and their possible modulation by various drugs and substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solár
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alemeh Zamani
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klaudia Lakatosová
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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13
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Lin F, Li R, Tu WJ, Chen Y, Wang K, Chen X, Zhao J. An Update on Antioxidative Stress Therapy Research for Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:772036. [PMID: 34938172 PMCID: PMC8686680 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.772036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The main reasons for disability and death in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) may be early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Despite studies reporting and progressing when DCI is well-treated clinically, the prognosis is not well-improved. According to the present situation, we regard EBI as the main target of future studies, and one of the key phenotype-oxidative stresses may be called for attention in EBI after laboratory subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We summarized the research progress and updated the literature that has been published about the relationship between experimental and clinical SAH-induced EBI and oxidative stress (OS) in PubMed from January 2016 to June 2021. Many signaling pathways are related to the mechanism of OS in EBI after SAH. Several antioxidative stress drugs were studied and showed a protective response against EBI after SAH. The systematical study of antioxidative stress in EBI after laboratory and clinical SAH may supply us with new therapies about SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Runting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jun Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The General Office of Stroke Prevention Project Committee, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Omi inhibition ameliorates neuron apoptosis and neurological deficit after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:1423-1432. [PMID: 34677809 PMCID: PMC8606397 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe neurological emergency, resulting in cognitive impairments and threatening human's health. Currently, SAH has no effective treatment. It is urgent to search for an effective therapy for SAH. Objective To explore the expression of Omi protein after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Methods SAH rat model was established by injecting blood into the prechiasmatic cistern. Neurological deficit was assessed by detecting neurological deficit scores and brain tissue water contents. Apoptotic cells were evaluated by TUNEL staining and IHC staining. Omi and Cleaved caspase 3 expressions in nerve cells were determined by double staining using IF. Apoptosis-related proteins were measured by Western blotting assay. Results SAH rat model was successfully established, showing more apoptotic cells and high neurological deficit scores in SAH rat. In SAH rat model, Omi expression in nerve cells was elevated and the upregulation of Omi mainly occurred in cytoplasm, accompanied by the degradation of XIAP and the increased cleaved caspase 3/9 and cleaved PARP. Once treated with UCF-101, a specific inhibitor of Omi, the increased cell apoptosis, left/right brain moisture contents and neurological deficits were notably reversed in SAH rat brain. Of note, SAH-induced the increases of apoptosis-related protein in nerve cells were also rescued by the administration of UCF-101. Conclusions UCF-101-mediated Omi inhibition decreased the degradation of XIAP and subsequently inhibited the activation of apoptosis-related proteins, decreased nerve cell apoptosis, leading to the improvement on early brain injury in SAH rat. UCF-101-based Omi inhibition may be used to treat SAH with great potential application.
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15
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Grosser JA, Fehrman RL, Keefe D, Redmon M, Nickells RW. The effects of a mitochondrial targeted peptide (elamipretide/SS31) on BAX recruitment and activation during apoptosis. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:198. [PMID: 34022923 PMCID: PMC8141144 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elamipretide (SS31) is a mitochondria-targeted peptide that has reported functions of stabilizing mitochondrial cristae structure and improving mitochondrial bioenergetics. Several studies have documented cell protective features of this peptide, including impairment of intrinsic apoptosis by inhibiting the recruitment and activation of the pro-apoptotic BAX protein. We used live-cell imaging of ARPE-19 cells expressing fluorescently labeled BAX, cytochrome c, and a mitochondrial marker to investigate the effect of elamipretide on the kinetics of BAX recruitment, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (as a function of cytochrome c release), and mitochondrial fragmentation, respectively. RESULT In nucleofected and plated ARPE-19 cells, elamipretide accelerated the formation of larger mitochondria. In the presence of the apoptotic stimulator, staurosporine, cells treated with elamipretide exhibited moderately slower rates of BAX recruitment. Peptide treatment, however, did not significantly delay the onset of BAX recruitment or the final total amount of BAX that was recruited. Additionally, elamipretide showed no impairment or delay of cytochrome c release or mitochondrial fragmentation, two events associated with normal BAX activation during cell death. These results indicate that the protective effect of elamipretide is not at the level of BAX activity to induce pro-apoptotic mitochondrial dysfunction after the initiation of staurosporine-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Grosser
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 571A Medical Sciences, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Rachel L Fehrman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 571A Medical Sciences, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | | | - Robert W Nickells
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 571A Medical Sciences, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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16
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Zhou J, Yang Z, Shen R, Zhong W, Zheng H, Chen Z, Tang J, Zhu J. Resveratrol Improves Mitochondrial Biogenesis Function and Activates PGC-1α Pathway in a Preclinical Model of Early Brain Injury Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:620683. [PMID: 33968980 PMCID: PMC8100450 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.620683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) has been shown to play a pivotal role in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in diseases. Resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenolic reagent, has powerful antioxidant properties and the ability to scavenge mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a variety of central nervous system diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of RSV on mitochondrial biogenesis in early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the potential neuroprotective effects of RSV on mitochondrial biogenesis and function by activation of the PGC-1α signaling pathway in a prechiasmatic cistern SAH model. PGC-1α expression and related mitochondrial biogenesis were detected. Amounts of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were determined to evaluate the extent of mitochondrial biogenesis. Increased PGC-1α and mitochondrial biogenesis after SAH were observed in the temporal cortex. Resveratrol increased the expression of PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM, and promoted PGC-1α nuclear translocation. Moreover, RSV could scavenge excess ROS, increase the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), enhance the potential of mitochondrial membrane and ATP levels, reduce the number of mitochondrial DNA copy, and decrease the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). RSV significantly ameliorated the release of apoptosis-related cytokines, namely P53, cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome c, and BAX, leading to the amelioration of neuronal apoptosis, brain edema, and neurological impairment 24 h after SAH. These results indicate that resveratrol promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and function by activation of the PGC-1α signaling pathway in EBI following SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zaijia Yang
- School of Medical Management, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Ruiming Shen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wangwang Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Huiduan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Zhenggang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jianjian Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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17
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Kaushik P, Ali M, Tabassum H, Parvez S. Post-ischemic administration of dopamine D2 receptor agonist reduces cell death by activating mitochondrial pathway following ischemic stroke. Life Sci 2020; 261:118349. [PMID: 32853654 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cerebral ischemic stroke leads to mitochondrial alterations which are key factors for initiation of various cascades resulting in neuronal damage. Dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonist, Sumanirole (SUM) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. However, the role of SUM in ischemic stroke (IS) has not been studied yet. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective efficiency of SUM against ischemic injury and its possible effect on mitochondrial restorative mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was performed in Wistar rats for 90 min occlusion and 22.5 h reperfusion to mimic ischemic stroke. Post- treatment with Sumanirole (0.1 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg; s.c.) was done at 1 h, 6 h, 12 hand 18 h after surgery. In addition, neurobehavioral analysis, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometric analysis, mitochondrial complexes analysis, infarct size evaluation and histological analysis were performed. KEY FINDINGS Sumanirole restored behavioural alterations as measured by rotarod performance, grip strength, adhesive tape removal analysis and neurological deficits. In addition, it also refurbished mitochondrial dysfunction by decreasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, elevating mitochondrial membrane potential and by protecting the activity of mitochondrial complexes along with histological alterations. As a result, infarct sizes were markedly reduced in tMCAO surgery animals. SIGNIFICANCE Findings from the study provide evidence that SUM promotes neuronal survival in in vivo model of IS through mitochondria mediated neuroprotective features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kaushik
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mubashshir Ali
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, V. Ramalingaswamy Bhawan, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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