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Liu J, Liu QR, Wu ZM, Chen QR, Chen J, Wang Y, Cao XL, Dai MX, Dong C, Liu Q, Zhu J, Zhang LL, Li Y, Wang YF, Liu L, Yang BR. Specific brain imaging alterations underlying autistic traits in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2023; 19:20. [PMID: 37986005 PMCID: PMC10658985 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-023-00222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autistic traits (ATs) are frequently reported in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to examine ATs in children with ADHD from both behavioral and neuroimaging perspectives. METHODS We used the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) to assess and define subjects with and without ATs. For behavioral analyses, 67 children with ADHD and ATs (ADHD + ATs), 105 children with ADHD but without ATs (ADHD - ATs), and 44 typically developing healthy controls without ATs (HC - ATs) were recruited. We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data and analyzed the mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (mALFF) values (an approach used to depict different spontaneous brain activities) in a sub-sample. The imaging features that were shared between ATs and ADHD symptoms or that were unique to one or the other set of symptoms were illustrated as a way to explore the "brain-behavior" relationship. RESULTS Compared to ADHD-ATs, the ADHD + ATs group showed more global impairment in all aspects of autistic symptoms and higher hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI). Partial-correlation analysis indicated that HI was significantly positively correlated with all aspects of ATs in ADHD. Imaging analyses indicated that mALFF values in the left middle occipital gyrus (MOG), left parietal lobe (PL)/precuneus, and left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) might be specifically related to ADHD, while those in the right MTG might be more closely associated with ATs. Furthermore, altered mALFF in the right PL/precuneus correlated with both ADHD and ATs, albeit in diverse directions. CONCLUSIONS The co-occurrence of ATs in children with ADHD manifested as different behavioral characteristics and specific brain functional alterations. Assessing ATs in children with ADHD could help us understand the heterogeneity of ADHD, further explore its pathogenesis, and promote clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Children's Healthcare and Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian-Rong Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Min Wu
- Children's Healthcare and Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao-Ru Chen
- Children's Healthcare and Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Children's Healthcare and Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Children's Healthcare and Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Cao
- Children's Healthcare and Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Xia Dai
- Children's Healthcare and Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Children's Healthcare and Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Children's Healthcare and Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Children's Healthcare and Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin-Lin Zhang
- Children's Healthcare and Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Li
- Children's Healthcare and Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
| | - Bin-Rang Yang
- Children's Healthcare and Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Chen Y, Gao Y, Jiang A, Tang Y, Wang C. ADHD classification combining biomarker detection with attention auto-encoding neural network. Biomed Signal Process Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2023.104733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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Chen C, Yang H, Du Y, Zhai G, Xiong H, Yao D, Xu P, Gong J, Yin G, Li F. Altered Functional Connectivity in Children with ADHD Revealed by Scalp EEG: An ERP Study. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:6615384. [PMID: 34054943 PMCID: PMC8133851 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6615384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental brain disorders in childhood. Despite extensive researches, the neurobiological mechanism underlying ADHD is still left unveiled. Since the deficit functions, such as attention, have been demonstrated in ADHD, in our present study, based on the oddball P3 task, the corresponding electroencephalogram (EEG) of both healthy controls (HCs) and ADHD children was first collected. And we then not only focused on the event-related potential (ERP) evoked during tasks but also investigated related brain networks. Although an insignificant difference in behavior was found between the HCs and ADHD children, significant electrophysiological differences were found in both ERPs and brain networks. In detail, the dysfunctional attention occurred during the early stage of the designed task; as compared to HCs, the reduced P2 and N2 amplitudes in ADHD children were found, and the atypical information interaction might further underpin such a deficit. On the one hand, when investigating the cortical activity, HCs recruited much stronger brain activity mainly in the temporal and frontal regions, compared to ADHD children; on the other hand, the brain network showed atypical enhanced long-range connectivity between the frontal and occipital lobes but attenuated connectivity among frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes in ADHD children. We hope that the findings in this study may be instructive for the understanding of cognitive processing in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Huan Yang
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha 410011, China
- China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha 410011, China
- Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha 410011, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yasong Du
- Mental Health Center Affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, China
| | | | | | - Dezhong Yao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Peng Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jianhua Gong
- Luohu District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518019, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fali Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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Zhang H, Yang B, Peng G, Zhang L, Fang D. Effects of the DRD4 -521 C/T SNP on Local Neural Activity and Functional Connectivity in Children With ADHD. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:785464. [PMID: 35069289 PMCID: PMC8772420 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.785464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) -521 C/T single-nucleotide polymorphism on brain function among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to evaluate whether brain function is associated with behavioral performance among this demographic. Methods: Using regional homogeneity, fractional amplitude low-frequency fluctuation, and functional connectivity as measurement indices, we compared differences in resting-state brain function between 34 boys with ADHD in the TT homozygous group and 37 boys with ADHD in the C-allele carrier group. The Conners' Parent Rating Scale, the SNAP-IV Rating Scale, the Stroop Color Word Test, the go/no-go task, the n-back task, and the working memory index within the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition were selected as comparative indicators in order to test effects on behavioral performance. Results: We found that TT homozygotes had low behavioral performance as compared with C-allele carriers. The regional homogeneity for TT homozygotes decreased in the right middle occipital gyrus and increased in the right superior frontal gyrus as compared with C-allele carriers. In addition, the right middle occipital gyrus and the right superior frontal gyrus were used as the seeds of functional connectivity, and we found that the functional connectivity between the right middle occipital gyrus and the right cerebellum decreased, as did the functional connectivity between the right superior frontal gyrus and the angular gyrus. No statistically significant differences were observed in the respective brain regions when comparing the fractional amplitudes for low-frequency fluctuation between the two groups. Correlation analyses demonstrated that the fractional amplitude low-frequency fluctuation in the precentral gyrus for TT homozygotes were statistically significantly correlated with working memory. Conclusions: We found differing effects of DRD4 -521 C/T polymorphisms on brain function among boys with ADHD. These findings promote our understanding of the genetic basis for neurobiological differences observed among children with ADHD, but they must be confirmed in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai, Zhuhai, China
| | - Binrang Yang
- Centre for Child Care and Mental Health, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Adolescent Gynecology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Centre for Child Care and Mental Health, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Diangang Fang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Investigation of serum and brain superoxide dismutase levels depending on atomoxetine used in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment: A combination of in vivo and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Gür F, Cengiz M, Gür B. Alternations in nuclear factor kappa beta activity (NF-kB) in the rat brain due to long-term use of atomoxetine for treating ADHD: In vivo and in silico studies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:927-932. [PMID: 33143874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric disorder reported particularly in children. Long-term use of antipsychotic drugs used in the treatment of ADHD has been shown to exert toxic effects on the brain. However, not enough research has been carried out on the neurotoxic effects of these drugs on the brain tissue. Atomoxetine (ATX) is the most widely used antipsychotic drug that has gained approval for ADHD treatment. The present study aims to determine the damage induced by long-term use of three different doses of ATX in the brain tissue of experimental rats. 24 rats were divided into Control group (0.5 mL saline), Group 2 (0.5 mg/mL ATX), Group 3 (1.0 mg/mL ATX), and Group 4 (2.0 mg/mL ATX), each group having 6 members. Their brain tissues were taken for stereological, histological, and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) protein expression analysis. ATX was determined to have caused a few alterations in the brain tissue, such as disruption in the endothelial epithelium of capillaries, a couple of large astrocyte nuclei, and mitotic astrocytes. Moreover, a significant difference was observed in Group 4 compared to Control Group in terms of astrocyte counts in the brain sections. As for Groups 3 and 4, there were differences in terms of oligodendrocyte counts in the incisions cultivated from the brain tissues of the animals. On the other hand, NF-kB positive astrocytes of Groups 3 and 4 differed significantly from those of Control and Group 2. The results of molecular dockings of the present study are in line with the in-vivo results. Therefore, it was concluded that the higher the dose of ATX was, the more damage the brain tissue sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Gür
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Health Services Vocational School, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Cengiz
- Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Education, Siirt University, 56100, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Bahri Gür
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Iğdır University, 76000, Iğdır, Turkey
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