1
|
Isaković J, Slatković F, Jagečić D, Petrović DJ, Mitrečić D. Pulsating Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Influence Differentiation of Mouse Neural Stem Cells towards Astrocyte-like Phenotypes: In Vitro Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4038. [PMID: 38612847 PMCID: PMC11012476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Even though electromagnetic fields have been reported to assist endogenous neurogenesis, little is known about the exact mechanisms of their action. In this pilot study, we investigated the effects of pulsating extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on neural stem cell differentiation towards specific phenotypes, such as neurons and astrocytes. Neural stem cells isolated from the telencephalic wall of B6(Cg)-Tyrc-2J/J mouse embryos (E14.5) were randomly divided into three experimental groups and three controls. Electromagnetic field application setup included a solenoid placed within an incubator. Each of the experimental groups was exposed to 50Hz ELF-EMFs of varied strengths for 1 h. The expression of each marker (NES, GFAP, β-3 tubulin) was then assessed by immunocytochemistry. The application of high-strength ELF-EMF significantly increased and low-strength ELF-EMF decreased the expression of GFAP. A similar pattern was observed for β-3 tubulin, with high-strength ELF-EMFs significantly increasing the immunoreactivity of β-3 tubulin and medium- and low-strength ELF-EMFs decreasing it. Changes in NES expression were observed for medium-strength ELF-EMFs, with a demonstrated significant upregulation. This suggests that, even though ELF-EMFs appear to inhibit or promote the differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons or astrocytes, this effect highly depends on the strength and frequency of the fields as well as the duration of their application. While numerous studies have demonstrated the capacity of EMFs to guide the differentiation of NSCs into neuron-like cells or β-3 tubulin+ neurons, this is the first study to suggest that ELF-EMFs may also steer NSC differentiation towards astrocyte-like phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Filip Slatković
- Omnion Research International d.o.o., 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Denis Jagečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dražen Juraj Petrović
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos d.o.o., Laboratory for Glycobiology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu T, Zhang Q, Li H, Cui X, Qi Z, Yang X. An injectable, self-healing, electroconductive hydrogel loaded with neural stem cells and donepezil for enhancing local therapy effect of spinal cord injury. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:48. [PMID: 37488558 PMCID: PMC10367392 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious injury with high mortality and disability rates, and there is no effective treatment at present. It has been reported that some treatments, such as drug intervention and stem cell transplantation have positive effects in promoting neurological recovery. Although those treatments are effective for nerve regeneration, many drawbacks, such as low stem cell survival rates and side effects caused by systemic medication, have limited their development. In recent years, injectable hydrogel materials have been widely used in tissue engineering due to their good biocompatibility, biodegradability, controllable properties, and low invasiveness. The treatment strategy of injectable hydrogels combined with stem cells or drugs has made some progress in SCI repair, showing the potential to overcome the drawbacks of traditional drugs and stem cell therapy. METHODS In this study, a novel injectable electroactive hydrogel (NGP) based on sodium hyaluronate oxide (SAO) and polyaniline-grafted gelatine (NH2-Gel-PANI) was developed as a material in which to load neural stem cells (NSCs) and donepezil (DPL) to facilitate nerve regeneration after SCI. To evaluate the potential of the prepared NGP hydrogel in SCI repair applications, the surface morphology, self-repairing properties, electrical conductivity and cytocompatibility of the resulting hydrogel were analysed. Meanwhile, we evaluated the neural repair ability of NGP hydrogels loaded with DPL and NSCs using a rat model of spinal cord injury. RESULTS The NGP hydrogel has a suitable pore size, good biocompatibility, excellent conductivity, and injectable and self-repairing properties, and its degradation rate matches the repair cycle of spinal cord injury. In addition, DPL could be released continuously and slowly from the NGP hydrogel; thus, the NGP hydrogel could serve as an excellent carrier for drugs and cells. The results of in vitro cell experiments showed that the NGP hydrogel had good cytocompatibility and could significantly promote the neuronal differentiation and axon growth of NSCs, and loading the hydrogel with DPL could significantly enhance this effect. More importantly, the NGP hydrogel loaded with DPL showed a significant inhibitory effect on astrocytic differentiation of NSCs in vitro. Animal experiments showed that the combination of NGP hydrogel, DPL, and NSCs had the best therapeutic effect on the recovery of motor function and nerve conduction function in rats. NGP hydrogel loaded with NSCs and DPL not only significantly increased the myelin sheath area, number of new neurons and axon area but also minimized the area of the cystic cavity and glial scar and promoted neural circuit reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS The DPL- and NSC-laden electroactive hydrogel developed in this study is an ideal biomaterial for the treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiemei Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130033, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 130041, Changchun, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 130041, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoqian Cui
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 130041, Changchun, PR China
| | - Zhiping Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 130041, Changchun, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130033, Changchun, China.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 130041, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shoorche AB, Mohammadkarim A, Jadidi M, Bahraminasab M, Bagheri H, Gholami S. Human osteosarcoma cells in response to ELF-MF: Morphological remodeling compared to cell proliferation. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:1311-1315. [PMID: 37787300 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1848_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The present study aimed to assess the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-MF) on structural changes of human osteosarcoma cells by analyzing the stained cytoskeleton for assessing the relationship between the fractal dimension parameter and proliferation rate of radiation-induced cells. Materials and Methods In this study, 2-mT magnetic fields with various waveforms, including sinusoidal, triangular, and pulsed shapes, were employed to determine the biological effects of ELF-EMF on the human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line. All experiments were performed in two modes: continuous exposure at 3 h and fractionated irradiations at 3 consecutive days. Afterward, the proliferation assay was implemented for assessing the cell proliferation in each group. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining and confocal imaging were performed to determine the cell shape index. Furthermore, fractal dimension analysis was carried out by processing morphological images. Results The proliferation and shape index parameters of radiation-induced osteosarcomas significantly decreased compared with non-irradiated cells. In addition, fractal dimensions significantly increased following fractionated exposure at 3 consecutive days. Conclusions Assessing the fractal dimensions can be considered as a new morphological index for the prognosis of the structural remodeling of human osteosarcoma cells in response to fractionated irradiation of ELF-MF. In addition, various waveforms induce a similar effect on morphological remodeling and cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Barati Shoorche
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadkarim
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Jadidi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Marjan Bahraminasab
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hamed Bagheri
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences; Radiation Sciences Research Center (RSRC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Gholami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo J, Xie M, Peng C, Ma Y, Wang K, Lin G, Yang H, Chen T, Liu Q, Zhang G, Lin H, Ji Z. Protein disulfide isomerase A6 promotes the repair of injured nerve through interactions with spastin. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:950586. [PMID: 36090256 PMCID: PMC9449696 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.950586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of appropriate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is critical to effective spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. In previous reports, protein disulfide isomerase A6 (PDIA6) demonstrated to serve as a reversible functional modulator of ER stress responses, while spastin can coordinate ER organization through the modulation of the dynamic microtubule network surrounding this organelle. While both PDIA6 and spastin are thus important regulators of the ER, whether they interact with one another for SCI repair still needs to be determined. Here a proteomics analysis identified PDIA6 as being related to SCI repair, and protein interaction mass spectrometry further confirmed the ability of PDIA6 and spastin to interact with one another. Pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays were further performed to validate and characterize the interactions between these two proteins. The RNAi-based knockdown of PDIA6 in COS-7 cells inhibited the activity of spastin-dependent microtubule severing. PDIA6 was also found to promote injured neuron repair, while spastin knockdown reversed this reparative activity. Together, these results thus confirm that PDIA6 and spastin function together as critical mediators of nerve repair, highlighting their potential value as validated targets for efforts to promote SCI repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxian Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University (Zhuhai People’s Hospital), Zhuhai, China
- Orthopedics Department I, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanming Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengxiong Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianjun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuling Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guowei Zhang,
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Hongsheng Lin,
| | - Zhisheng Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhisheng Ji,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lai H. Neurological effects of static and extremely-low frequency electromagnetic fields. Electromagn Biol Med 2022; 41:201-221. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2022.2064489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The triad of nanotechnology, cell signalling, and scaffold implantation for the successful repair of damaged organs: An overview on soft-tissue engineering. J Control Release 2021; 332:460-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
7
|
Ji ZS, Li JP, Fu CH, Luo JX, Yang H, Zhang GW, Wu W, Lin HS. Spastin interacts with collapsin response mediator protein 3 to regulate neurite growth and branching. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2549-2556. [PMID: 33907047 PMCID: PMC8374569 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.313052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal microtubule rearrangement and movement are crucial in the repair of spinal cord injury. Spastin plays an important role in the regulation of microtubule severing. Both spastin and collapsin response mediator proteins can regulate neurite growth and branching; however, whether spastin interacts with collapsin response mediator protein 3 (CRMP3) during this process remains unclear, as is the mechanism by which CRMP3 participates in the repair of spinal cord injury. In this study, we used a proteomics approach to identify key proteins associated with spinal cord injury repair. We then employed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify proteins that were able to interact with glutathione S-transferase-spastin. Then, co-immunoprecipitation and staining approaches were used to evaluate potential interactions between spastin and CRMP3. Finally, we co-transfected primary hippocampal neurons with CRMP3 and spastin to evaluate their role in neurite outgrowth. Mass spectrometry identified the role of CRMP3 in the spinal cord injury repair process. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry pulldown assays identified three CRMP3 peptides that were able to interact with spastin. CRMP3 and spastin were co-expressed in the spinal cord and were able to interact with one another in vitro and in vivo. Lastly, CRMP3 overexpression was able to enhance the ability of spastin to promote neurite growth and branching. Therefore, our results confirm that spastin and CRMP3 play roles in spinal cord injury repair by regulating neurite growth and branching. These proteins may therefore be novel targets for spinal cord injury repair. The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Jinan University, China approved this study (approval No. IACUS-20181008-03) on October 8, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Sheng Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Ping Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chao-Hua Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou; Department of Orthopedics, Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Xian Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guo-Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wutian Wu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Re-Stem Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu Province; Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|