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Rantamo A, Gallé C, Numminen J, Virta J, Tanskanen P, Lindroos AC, Resendiz-Nieves J, Lehecka M, Niemelä M, Haeren R, Raj R. Flow diversion of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a single-center study with a standardized antithrombotic treatment protocol. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:130. [PMID: 38467916 PMCID: PMC10927838 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-06029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of antithrombotic medication following acute flow diversion for a ruptured intracranial aneurysm (IA) is challenging with no current guidelines. We investigated the incidence of treatment-related complications and patient outcomes after flow diversion for a ruptured IA before and after the implementation of a standardized antithrombotic medication protocol. METHODS We conducted a single-center retrospective study including consecutive patients treated for acutely ruptured IAs with flow diversion during 2015-2023. We divided the patients into two groups: those treated before the implementation of the protocol (pre-protocol) and those treated after the implementation of the protocol (post-protocol). The primary outcomes were hemorrhagic and ischemic complications. A secondary outcome was clinical outcome using the modified Ranking Scale (mRS). RESULTS Totally 39 patients with 40 ruptured IAs were treated with flow diversion (69% pre-protocol, 31% post-protocol). The patient mean age was 55 years, 62% were female, 63% of aneurysms were in the posterior circulation, 92% of aneurysms were non-saccular, and 44% were in poor grade on admission. Treatment differences included the use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (pre-group 48% vs. post-group 100%), and the use of early dual antiplatelets (pre-group 44% vs. 92% post-group). The incidence of ischemic complications was 37% and 42% and the incidence of hemorrhagic complications was 30% and 33% in the pre- and post-groups, respectively, with no between-group differences. There were three (11%) aneurysm re-ruptures in the pre-group and none in the post-group. There were no differences in mortality or mRS 0-2 between the groups at 6 months. CONCLUSION We found no major differences in the incidence of ischemic or hemorrhagic complications after the implementation of a standardized antithrombotic protocol for acute flow diversion for ruptured IAs. There is an urgent need for more evidence-based guidelines to optimize antithrombotic treatment after flow diversion in the setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Rantamo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, Po Box 320, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Camille Gallé
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, Po Box 320, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jussi Numminen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, Po Box 320, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyri Virta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, Po Box 320, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Tanskanen
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ann-Christine Lindroos
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julio Resendiz-Nieves
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, Po Box 320, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Lehecka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, Po Box 320, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Niemelä
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, Po Box 320, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roel Haeren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rahul Raj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, Po Box 320, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
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Ngwenya T, Grundlingh D, Ngoepe MN. Influence of vortical structures on fibrin clot formation in cerebral aneurysms: A two-dimensional computational study. J Biomech 2024; 165:111994. [PMID: 38394954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.111994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Thrombosis is an important contributor to cerebral aneurysm growth and progression. A number of sophisticated multiscale and multiphase in silico models have been developed with a view towards interventional planning. Many of these models are able to account for clotting outcomes, but do not provide detailed insight into the role of flow during clot development. In this study, we present idealised, two-dimensional in silico cerebral fibrin clot model based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), biochemical modelling and variable porosity, permeability, and diffusivity. The model captures fibrin clot growth in cerebral aneurysms over a period at least 1000 s in five different geometries. The fibrin clot growth results were compared to an experiment presented in literature. The biochemistry was found to be more sensitive to mesh size compared to the haemodynamics, while larger timesteps overpredicted clot size in pulsatile flow. When variable diffusivity was used, the predicted clot size was 25.4% lesser than that with constant diffusivity. The predicted clot size in pulsatile flow was 14.6% greater than in plug flow. Different vortex modes were observed in plug and pulsatile flow; the latter presented smaller intermediate modes where the main vortex was smaller and less likely to disrupt the growing fibrin clot. Furthermore, smaller vortex modes were seen to support fibrin clot propagation across geometries. The model clearly demonstrates how the growing fibrin clot alters vortical structures within the aneurysm sac and how this changing flow, in turn, shapes the growing fibrin clot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinashe Ngwenya
- Centre for Research in Computational and Applied Mechanics (CERECAM), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Divan Grundlingh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Malebogo N Ngoepe
- Centre for Research in Computational and Applied Mechanics (CERECAM), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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Kaliyev A, Makhambetov Y, Medetov Y, Kulmirzayev M, Dusembayev S, Nurimanov C, Kunakbayev B, Akshulakov S. Management of giant internal carotid aneurysm by extracranial-intracranial bypass and flow diverter stent. Br J Neurosurg 2023; 37:1893-1897. [PMID: 34236251 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2021.1947974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Flow diverter stents have become the standard approach to managing intracranial aneurysms; however, in some cases of complex, wide-necked aneurysms, poor outcomes due to stent occlusion have been reported. We report the case of a giant internal carotid artery aneurysm treated by high-flow extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass with flow diverter deployment. Seven months post-operatively, radiographic imaging demonstrated occlusion of the stent and parent artery, with further ischemic events prevented by collateral flow from the high flow bypass. This case demonstrates the continued utility of EC-IC bypass in the endovascular era, especially as a rescue tool in cases of delayed stent occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assylbek Kaliyev
- Department of Vascular and Functional Neurosurgery, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Yerbol Makhambetov
- Department of Vascular and Functional Neurosurgery, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Yerkin Medetov
- Department of Vascular and Functional Neurosurgery, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Marat Kulmirzayev
- Department of Vascular and Functional Neurosurgery, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Serik Dusembayev
- Department of Vascular and Functional Neurosurgery, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Chingiz Nurimanov
- Department of Vascular and Functional Neurosurgery, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Serik Akshulakov
- Department of Vascular and Functional Neurosurgery, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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4
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Vranic JE, Harker P, Stapleton CJ, Regenhardt RW, Dmytriw AA, Doron OM, Alotaibi NM, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Gupta R, Berglar IK, Tan CO, Koch MJ, Raymond SB, Mascitelli JR, Patterson TT, Seinfeld J, White A, Case D, Roark C, Gandhi CD, Al-Mufti F, Cooper J, Matouk C, Sujijantarat N, Devia DA, Ocampo-Navia MI, Villamizar-Torres DE, Puentes JC, Patel AB. The Impact of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Duration on Unruptured Aneurysm Occlusion After Flow Diversion: A Multicenter Study. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2023; 47:753-758. [PMID: 37707405 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endoluminal flow diversion reduces blood flow into intracranial aneurysms, promoting thrombosis. Postprocedural dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is necessary for the prevention of thromboembolic complications. The purpose of this study is to therefore assess the impact that the type and duration of DAPT has on aneurysm occlusion rates and iatrogenic complications after flow diversion. METHODS A retrospective review of a multicenter aneurysm database was performed from 2012 to 2020 to identify unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with single device flow diversion and ≥12-month follow-up. Clinical and radiologic data were analyzed with aneurysm occlusion as a function of DAPT duration serving as a primary outcome measure. RESULTS Two hundred five patients underwent flow diversion with a single pipeline embolization device with 12.7% of treated aneurysms remaining nonoccluded during the study period. There were no significant differences in aneurysm morphology or type of DAPT used between occluded and nonoccluded groups. Nonoccluded aneurysms received a longer mean duration of DAPT (9.4 vs 7.1 months, P = 0.016) with a significant effect of DAPT duration on the observed aneurysm occlusion rate (F(2, 202) = 4.2, P = 0.016). There was no significant difference in the rate of complications, including delayed ischemic strokes, observed between patients receiving short (≤6 months) and prolonged duration (>6 months) DAPT (7.9% vs 9.3%, P = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS After flow diversion, an abbreviated duration of DAPT lasting 6 months may be most appropriate before transitioning to low-dose aspirin monotherapy to promote timely aneurysm occlusion while minimizing thromboembolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Harker
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Christopher J Stapleton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robert W Regenhardt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Omer M Doron
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Naif M Alotaibi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthew J Koch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Scott B Raymond
- Department of Radiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT
| | - Justin R Mascitelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - T Tyler Patterson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Joshua Seinfeld
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Andrew White
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - David Case
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | | | | | | | | | - Charles Matouk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Diego A Devia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana School of Medicine
| | - Maria I Ocampo-Navia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana School of Medicine
| | - Daniel E Villamizar-Torres
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana School of Medicine
| | | | - Aman B Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Liu L, Xu L, Guo N, Yang Y, Liu X, Qi T, Liang F. Ticagrelor is related to nuisance bleeding after flow diversion of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:134. [PMID: 37269331 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nuisance bleeding (NB) without urgent medical attention is rarely characterized despite its frequent occurrence in patients with cerebral aneurysms undergoing flow diversion (FD) who are maintained on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). This study explored the risk factors for NB. Patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysms who underwent intervention using FD (July 2018 to May 2022) and had follow-up data were enrolled. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, aneurysm features and follow-up data were analysed. Bleeding complications were classified as NB, internal bleeding and alarming bleeding. NB was characterized by easy bruising, bleeding from small cuts and nonfatal petechiae and ecchymosis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors for NB. This study assessed 121 patients. Of these, 52 (43.0%) patients had NB. Compared with the non-bleeding group, the NB group had more females (82.7% vs. 56.5%; p = 0.003), lower smoking rate (7.7% vs. 23.2%; p = 0.027) and smaller aneurysms (6.65 mm [4.60-9.60 mm] vs. 8.82 mm [5.65-15.65 mm]; p = 0.007) and had more patients maintained on ticagrelor-containing DAPT regimen (90.4% vs. 66.7%; p = 0.002). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that ticagrelor-containing DAPT regimen (odds ratio, 3.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-11.87; p = 0.016) was associated with NB. These results suggest that NB is a common bleeding complaint in patients on DAPT. In patients undergoing FD, DAPT with ticagrelor was the only independent risk factor for NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinman Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiewei Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
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Ma A, Detaram HD, Steinfort B, Harrington T, Nguyen TN, Abdalkader M, Siopis G, Bath PM, Dhillon PS, Podlasek A, Qureshi AI, Qiu Z, Krishnan K. Antiplatelet Therapy in Neurointervention. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:466-479. [PMID: 37562452 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the use of antiplatelet medication in neurointervention, with a focus on the clinical indications for antiplatelet use in both preventing and reducing platelet aggregation. This review will cover current antiplatelet medications, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. We will provide an overview of different endovascular devices and discuss the antiplatelet regimes in neurointervention, highlighting gaps in evidence and scope for future studies.Two randomized controlled trials have evaluated antiplatelet use in the setting of acute large vessel occlusion stroke, with neither demonstrating benefit in their overall cohorts. Evidence on antiplatelet medication for both acute and elective stenting for acute stroke and treatment of cerebral aneurysms is currently based on large case series, and practice in neurointervention has increasingly utilized dual antiplatelet regimes with clopidogrel and second-line agents like prasugrel and ticagrelor. Clopidogrel function testing has an increasing role in neurointerventional procedures, particularly for high metal surface area stents such as the braided flow diverter type stents. Intravenous glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitors have been utilized for both acute bridging and rescue therapy.Antiplatelet decision making is complex, and there are few randomized control trials to guide clinical practice. Comparative trials to guide decision making remain important in both the acute and elective settings. Standardised protocols incorporating platelet function testing may play a role in assisting decision making until more robust clinical evidence is available, particularly in the context of acute neurointerventional stenting for stroke and ruptured cerebral aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Brendan Steinfort
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tim Harrington
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Boston Medical Centre, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - George Siopis
- Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip M Bath
- Stroke Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Stroke, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Permesh Singh Dhillon
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- TIME, Imaging Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Podlasek
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- TIME, Imaging Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Adnan I Qureshi
- Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute and Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Zhongming Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kailash Krishnan
- Stroke Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Stroke, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Ma Y, Madjidyar J, Schubert T, Thurner P, Barnaure I, Kulcsar Z. Single antiplatelet regimen in flow diverter treatment of cerebral aneurysms: The drug matters. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Interv Neuroradiol 2023:15910199231177745. [PMID: 37221854 DOI: 10.1177/15910199231177745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications (TECs) are the main concerns in the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms using flow diverter devices (FDs). The clinical demand for single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) is increasing especially with the development of devices with lower thrombogenicity profile. However, the safety of SAPT is not well established. OBJECTIVE To analyze the safety and efficacy of SAPT in terms of ischemic and hemorrhagic complications in patients undergoing FDs treatment for cerebral aneurysms. METHODS A systematic literature search and meta-analysis were conducted in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Web of Science from January 2010 until October 2022. Twelve articles which reported SAPT and data on hemorrhagic, TECs, and mortality following FDs treatment were included. RESULTS Overall, the 12 studies involved 237 patients with 295 aneurysms. Five investigated the safety and efficacy of SAPT in 202 unruptured aneurysms. Six studies focused on 57 ruptured aneurysms. One study included both ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Among the 237 patients, prasugrel was most often used as SAPT in 168 cases (70.9%), followed by aspirin in 42 (17.7%) patients, and by ticagrelor in 27 (11.4%). Overall, the hemorrhagic complication rate was 0.1% (95% CI 0% to 1.8%). The TEC rate was 7.6% (95% CI 1.7% to 16.1%). In the subgroup analysis, the TEC rates of prasugrel monotherapy of 2.4% (95% CI 0% to 9.3%) and ticagrelor monotherapy of 4.2% (95% CI 0.1% to 21.1%) were lower than of aspirin monotherapy 20.2% (95% CI 5.9% to 38.6%). The overall mortality rate was 1.3% (95% CI 0% to 6.1%). CONCLUSION According to the available data, SAPT regimen in patients undergoing FDs treatment for cerebral aneurysms has an acceptable safety profile, especially with the use of ADP-receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jawid Madjidyar
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tilman Schubert
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Thurner
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Barnaure
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zsolt Kulcsar
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Schüngel MS, Hoffmann KT, Weber E, Maybaum J, Bailis N, Scheer M, Nestler U, Schob S. Distal Flow Diversion with Anti-Thrombotically Coated and Bare Metal Low-Profile Flow Diverters—A Comparison. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072700. [PMID: 37048781 PMCID: PMC10095446 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: The establishment of low-profile flow diverting stents (FDS), for example, the Silk Vista Baby (SVB) and the p48MW, facilitated endovascular treatment of peripheral cerebral aneurysms. This study therefore aims to compare the performance and outcomes of the SVB with those of the p48MW HPC, with a special focus on hemodynamic aspects of peripheral segments and bifurcations. Materials and methods: The study cohort comprises 108 patients, who were either treated with the SVB or the p48MW HPC between June 2018 and April 2021. Results: Sixty patients received a SVB and forty-eight patients a p48MW HPC. The SVB was used predominantly in the AcomA-complex, and the p48MW HPC in the MCA bifurcation. Immediately after implantation, significant hemodynamic downgrading (OKM A2-A3, B1-B3, C3) was achieved in 60% in the SVB group vs. 75.1% in the p48MW HPC group. At the second follow-up, after an average of 8.8 and 10.9 months, respectively, OKM D1 was observed in 64.4% of the SVB group vs. 27.3% in the p48MW HPC group. Only 1.7% vs. 6.8% of the aneurysms remained morphologically unaltered (OKM A1). Adverse events with persisting neurologic sequalae at last follow-up were largely comparable in both groups (5.0% vs. 4.2%). Conclusion: Immediately after implantation, the p48MW HPC had a more profound hemodynamic impact than the SVB; however, early complete occlusions were achieved in a greater proportion of lesions after implantation of the uncoated SVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sophie Schüngel
- Abteilung für Neuroradiologie, Klinik & Poliklinik für Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karl-Titus Hoffmann
- Institut für Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erik Weber
- Klinik für Anästhesie und Notfallmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Maybaum
- Institut für Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Bailis
- Institut für Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Scheer
- Abteilung für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Halle, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ulf Nestler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Schob
- Abteilung für Neuroradiologie, Klinik & Poliklinik für Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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9
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Caroff J, Aubert L, Lavenu-Bombled C, Figueiredo S, Habchi K, Cortese J, Eugene F, Ognard J, Tahon F, Forestier G, Ifergan H, Zhu F, Hak JF, Reyre A, Laubacher M, Traore A, Desilles JP, Derraz I, Moreno R, Bintner M, Charbonnier G, Le Bras A, Veunac L, Gariel F, Redjem H, Sedat J, Tessier G, Dumas V, Gauberti M, Chivot C, Consoli A, Bricout N, Tuilier T, Guedon A, Pop R, Thouant P, Bellanger G, Zannoni R, Soize S, Richter JS, Heck O, Mihalea C, Burel J, Girot JB, Shotar E, Gazzola S, Boulouis G, Kerleroux B. Antithrombotic therapies for neurointerventional surgery: a 2021 French comprehensive national survey. J Neurointerv Surg 2023; 15:402-407. [PMID: 35347058 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-018601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurointerventionists lack guidelines for the use of antithrombotic therapies in their clinical practice; consequently, there is likely to be significant heterogeneity in antithrombotic use between centers. Through a nationwide survey, we aimed to obtain an exhaustive cross-sectional overview of antithrombotic use in neurointerventional procedures in France. METHODS In April 2021, French neurointerventional surgery centers were invited to participate in a nationwide 51-question survey disseminated through an active trainee-led research collaborative network (the JENI-RC). RESULTS All 40 centers answered the survey. Fifty-one percent of centers reported using ticagrelor and 43% used clopidogrel as premedication before intracranial stenting. For flow diversion treatment, dual antiplatelet therapy was maintained for 3 or 6 months in 39% and 53% of centers, respectively, and aspirin was prescribed for 12 months or more than 12 months in 63% and 26% of centers, respectively. For unruptured aneurysms, the most common heparin bolus dose was 50 IU/kg (59%), and only 35% of centers monitored heparin activity for dose adjustment. Tirofiban was used in 64% of centers to treat thromboembolic complications. Fifteen percent of these comprehensive stroke centers reported using tenecteplase to treat acute ischemic strokes. Cangrelor appeared as an emergent drug in specific indications. CONCLUSION This nationwide survey highlights the important heterogeneity in clinical practices across centers. There is a pressing need for trials and guidelines to further evaluate and harmonize antithrombotic regimens in the neurointerventional field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jildaz Caroff
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology - NEURI Brain Vascular Center, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurent Aubert
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Resuscitation Department, Bicetre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Cécile Lavenu-Bombled
- Department of Biological Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de médecine Paris Saclay, Hospital Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Samy Figueiredo
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Resuscitation Department, Bicetre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Kamelia Habchi
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Resuscitation Department, Bicetre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Jonathan Cortese
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology - NEURI Brain Vascular Center, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Julien Ognard
- Department of Neuroradiology, CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Florence Tahon
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Privé Clairval, Marseille, France
| | | | - Heloise Ifergan
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, CHU Tours, Tours, France
| | - François Zhu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, CHU Nancy, Nancy, France.,Department of Neuroradiology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Anthony Reyre
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital Timone, Marseille, France
| | | | - Abdoulaye Traore
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Louis Pasteur, Colmar, France
| | | | - Imad Derraz
- Department of Neuroradiology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ricardo Moreno
- Department of Neuroradiology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marc Bintner
- Department of Neuroradiology, CHU de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | | | - Anthony Le Bras
- Department of Radiology, CH Bretagne Atlantique Site Chubert, Vannes, France
| | - Louis Veunac
- Department of Radiology, CH de la Cote Basque, Bayonne, France
| | - Florent Gariel
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, CHU Bordeaux GH Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hocine Redjem
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinique des Cèdres, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Sedat
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, CHU Nice, Nice, France
| | | | - Victor Dumas
- Department of Radiology, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Cyril Chivot
- Department of Neuroradiology, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, Hauts-de-France, France
| | - Arturo Consoli
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Nicolas Bricout
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Titien Tuilier
- Department of Neuroradiology, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Alexis Guedon
- Department of Neuroradiology, CHU Lariboisiere Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Raoul Pop
- Department of Neuroradiology, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Riccardo Zannoni
- Department of Neuroradiology, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | | | - Olivier Heck
- Department of Neuroradiology, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Cristian Mihalea
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology - NEURI Brain Vascular Center, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Julien Burel
- Department of Radiology, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | | | - Eimad Shotar
- Department of Neuroradiology, CHU Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Gazzola
- Department of Neuroradiology, Saint Anne Military Hospital, Toulon, France
| | | | - Basile Kerleroux
- Department of Neuroradiologie, Saint Anne Hospital, Paris, France
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10
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Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel dual antiplatelet therapy for unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with flowdiverter. J Neuroradiol 2023; 50:346-351. [PMID: 36642161 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Antiplatelet therapy (APT) is a key element limiting the risk of thromboembolic events (TEE) in neuroendovascular procedures, including aneurysm treatment with flowdiverter. Clopidogrel combined with aspirin is the mostly reported dual APT (DAPT). However, resistance phenomenon and intraindividual efficacy fluctuation are identified limitations. In recent years, ticagrelor has been increasingly used in this indication. We compared these two DAPT regimens for intracranial aneurysm treated with flowdiverter. METHODS We conducted a multicentric retrospective study from prospectively maintained databases in two high volume centers extracting consecutive patients presenting unruptured intracranial aneurysm treated with flowdiverter and receiving DAPT (May 2015 to December 2019). Two groups were compared according to their DAPT regimen: "ticagrelor+aspirin" and "clopidogrel+aspirin". Clopidogrel group was systematically checked with platelet test inhibition before endovascular procedure. The primary endpoint was composite, defined as any thrombo-embolic event (TEE) or major hemorrhagic event occurring the first 6 months during and after embolization RESULTS: 260 patients met our inclusion criteria. Baseline patients and aneurysms characteristics were comparable between groups, except for aneurysm location, median size and pre-treatment modified Rankin scale. No significant difference was observed regarding the primary composite outcome: 11.5% (12/104) in the ticagrelor group versus 10.9% (17/156) in the clopidogrel group (p = 1.000). There was also no significant difference in secondary outcomes including TEE (10.5 vs 9.0%; p = 0.673), major hemorrhage (0.9 vs 1.2%; p = 0.651) and clinical outcome (at least 1-point mRS worsening during follow up: 6.7% vs 8.3%; p = 0.813). CONCLUSION First-line DAPT with ticagrelor+aspirin seems as safe and effective as clopidogrel+aspirin regimen.
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11
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Leung AL, Li V, de Villiers L, Hattingh L. A comparison of antiplatelet therapy during the peri- and post-operative periods following flow-diverting stent insertion for unruptured intracranial aneurysms: A systematic review. Interv Neuroradiol 2023:15910199221148551. [PMID: 36594524 DOI: 10.1177/15910199221148551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flow diverters (FDs) are neuroendovascular stents indicated for the management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Due to their composition, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is essential during the peri- and post-operative periods to prevent thromboembolic events. However, there is limited consensus within the scientific community regarding which antiplatelets to use and dosing following neuroendovascular treatment of aneurysms. METHOD A systematic search of four electronic databases was conducted during November 2020 that included studies published between January 2010 and November 2020. Eligibility for inclusion included primary research articles, published in the English language and use of flow-diverting intracranial stents. Studies were excluded if they utilised combined therapies (e.g. FD with stent-assisted coiling), animal studies, clinical trial protocols and study population of less than 10 subjects. RESULTS Eighteen studies were identified for inclusion with a total of 1312 patients with 1355 unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with FDs. Of these, 13 studies primarily investigated the use of clopidogrel with aspirin with low rates of haemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications. A forest plot of nine of these studies showed average efficacy of 88% at 95% confidence interval (CI) (SD + 5%) with 63% heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS The large proportion of studies investigating clopidogrel and aspirin antiplatelet therapy presents a challenge in comparing antiplatelet regimens. Although prasugrel and ticagrelor have been identified as suitable alternatives to clopidogrel, these were based on studies with small cohort sizes. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors may be efficacious as rescue therapy for intra-procedural thrombosis. Further research is required to determine which antiplatelet is most suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Lorraine Leung
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, 3555Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Hospital and Health Services, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Vincent Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, 3555Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
- Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Bankstown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Laetitia Hattingh
- Medical Services, Clinical Governance and Research, Gold Coast Health, QLD, Southport, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
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12
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Chien SC, Chen CC, Chen CT, Wang AYC, Hsieh PC, Yeap MC, Liu ZH, Wang YC, Liu YT. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in stent-assisted coil embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Interv Neuroradiol 2022; 28:568-574. [PMID: 34792425 PMCID: PMC9511617 DOI: 10.1177/15910199211054959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual antiplatelet therapy is widely used for stent-assisted coil embolization (SACE) for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) to prevent thromboembolic events (TEs). Compared to clopidogrel associated with aspirin, knowledge of the safety and efficacy of ticagrelor is lacking in large studies to date. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2016 to December 2018 with at least one year of follow-up in a single institution and systemic review. RESULTS Altogether, 153 patients with UIA receiving SACE were separated into two groups: 113 patients receiving clopidogrel plus aspirin and 40 patients receiving ticagrelor plus aspirin. Acute in-stent thrombotic events were noted in two patients in the clopidogrel group (1.77%) and none in the ticagrelor group (0%). Additionally, one patient (0.88%) in the clopidogrel group had an early ischemic stroke (<3 months). Delayed ischemic stroke was noted in 6 patients (5.31%) in the clopidogrel group and 3 patients (7.50%) in the ticagrelor group. There were no major hemorrhagic events in either group. The two groups showed no significant differences with regard to ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke. CONCLUSION Compared to the clopidogrel based regimen, ticagrelor can also reduce TEs without increasing bleeding tendency for SACE of UIAs. Ticagrelor combined with low-dose aspirin is a safe and effective alternative option for SACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Chi Chien
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- New Taipei Municipal Tu-Cheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- New Taipei Municipal Tu-Cheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Alvin Yi-Chou Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chuan Hsieh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- New Taipei Municipal Tu-Cheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mun-Chun Yeap
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Zhuo-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tse Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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13
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The Effect of Ticagrelor for Endovascular Intervention of Intracranial Aneurysm Patients with or without Clopidogrel Resistant: A Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081077. [PMID: 36009140 PMCID: PMC9405867 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endovascular interventional is an important treatment method for intracranial aneurysms. However, due to the risk of intracranial thrombosis, prophylactic use of antiplatelet drugs is generally required. Clinically, the most commonly used drugs are aspirin and clopidogrel; although the latter can significantly reduce the incidence of thromboembolic complications, there are still some patients with clopidogrel resistance who have ischemic adverse events during antiplatelet therapy. In this study, cohort studies of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library Databases were retrieved to compare the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor and clopidogrel in endovascular interventional treatment of intracranial aneurysms. A total of 10 cohort studies involving 1377 patients were included in this study. All patients had intracranial aneurysms and underwent endovascular intervention. Platelet function was measured in four of the studies and switched the patients with clopidogrel resistance to ticagrelor, while the remaining six studies did not test platelet function, but were also treated with ticagrelor or clopidogrel. The results of the study showed that ticagrelor, like clopidogrel, can effectively control thrombotic complications in endovascular interventional patients, and also control the occurrence of ischemic complications in clopidogrel-resistant patients. Ticagrelor, as a novel platelet aggregation inhibitor that can reversibly bind to P2Y12 receptor, can effectively control thromboembolic complications without increasing hemorrhagic complications, and is also effective in patients with clopidogrel resistance.
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14
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Kaiser DPO, Boulouis G, Soize S, Maus V, Fischer S, Lobsien D, Klisch J, Styczen H, Deuschl C, Abdullayev N, Kabbasch C, Jamous A, Behme D, Janot K, Bellanger G, Cognard C, Pierot L, Gawlitza M. Flow Diversion for ICA Aneurysms with Compressive Neuro-Ophthalmologic Symptoms: Predictors of Morbidity, Mortality, and Incomplete Aneurysm Occlusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:998-1003. [PMID: 35738674 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Flow diversion is an effective treatment for aneurysms of the ICA with compression-related neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms, especially when treatment is initiated early after symptom onset and aneurysm occlusion is complete. However, non-negligible complication rates have been reported. Our aim was to identify risk factors for morbidity/mortality and incomplete aneurysm occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of a previous publication, which included all patients treated with flow diversion for an unruptured aneurysm of the ICA with compression-related symptoms. RESULTS Fifty-four patients with 54 aneurysms (48 women, 88.9%; mean age, 59.2 [SD, 15.9] years; range, 21-86 years) treated with flow diversion were included. We observed morbidity and mortality rates of 7.4% and 3.7%. Increasing age (OR per decade, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.23-8.49; P = .02) and dual-antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor (OR, 13.9; 95% CI, 1.16-165.97; P = .04) were significantly associated with morbidity/mortality. After a median follow-up of 13.3 [SD, 10.5] months, the rates of complete aneurysm occlusion, neck remnant, and aneurysm remnant were 74%, 14%, and 12%. Incomplete occlusion at follow-up was less frequently observed in aneurysms treated with additional coil embolization (OR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.01-0.86; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Although a promising treatment for compressive ICA aneurysms, flow diversion carries a relevant risk for complications and incomplete aneurysm occlusion. Our results may help identify patients in which flow diversion may not be the ideal treatment method. Additional coil embolization increased the likelihood of complete aneurysm occlusion at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P O Kaiser
- From the Institute of Neuroradiology (D.P.O.K., M.G.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Digital Health (D.P.O.K., M.G.), Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - G Boulouis
- Department of Neuroradiology (G. Boulouis, K.J.), Regional and University Hospital Center Tours, Tours, France
| | - S Soize
- Department of Neuroradiology (S.S., L.P.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Reims, Reims, France
| | - V Maus
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine (V.M., S.F.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
| | - S Fischer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine (V.M., S.F.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
| | - D Lobsien
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (D.L., J.K.), Helios General Hospital Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - J Klisch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (D.L., J.K.), Helios General Hospital Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - H Styczen
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (H.S., C.D.), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - C Deuschl
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (H.S., C.D.), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - N Abdullayev
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (N.A., C.K.), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Kabbasch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (N.A., C.K.), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Jamous
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.J., D.B.), Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - D Behme
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.J., D.B.), Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology (D.B.), University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K Janot
- Department of Neuroradiology (G. Boulouis, K.J.), Regional and University Hospital Center Tours, Tours, France
| | - G Bellanger
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (G. Bellanger, C.C.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - C Cognard
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (G. Bellanger, C.C.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - L Pierot
- Department of Neuroradiology (S.S., L.P.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Reims, Reims, France
| | - M Gawlitza
- From the Institute of Neuroradiology (D.P.O.K., M.G.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany .,Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Digital Health (D.P.O.K., M.G.), Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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15
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Vranic JE, Harker P, Stapleton CJ, Regenhardt RW, Dmytriw AA, Alotaibi NM, Gupta R, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Koch MJ, Raymond SB, Mascitelli JR, Patterson TT, Seinfeld J, White A, Case D, Roark C, Gandhi CD, Al-Mufti F, Cooper J, Patel AB. Determinants of intracranial aneurysm retreatment following embolization with a single flow-diverting stent. Neuroradiol J 2021; 35:461-467. [PMID: 34747246 PMCID: PMC9437496 DOI: 10.1177/19714009211049086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Flow diverting stents have revolutionized the treatment of intracranial aneurysms through endoluminal reconstruction of the parent vessel. Despite this, certain aneurysms require retreatment. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical and radiologic determinants of aneurysm retreatment following flow diversion. METHODS A multicenter flow diversion database was evaluated to identify patients presenting with an unruptured, previously untreated aneurysm with a minimum of 12 months' clinical and angiographic follow-up. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression modeling was performed to identify determinants of retreatment. RESULTS We identified 189 aneurysms treated in 189 patients with a single flow-diverting stent. Mean age was 54 years, and 89% were female. Complete occlusion was achieved in 70.3% and 83.6% of patients at six and 12 months, respectively. Aneurysm retreatment with additional flow-diverting stents occurred in 5.8% of cases. Univariate analysis revealed that dome diameter ≥10 mm (p = 0.012), pre-clinoid internal carotid artery location (p = 0.012), distal > proximal parent vessel diameter (p = 0.042), and later dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) discontinuation (p < 0.001) were predictive of retreatment. Multivariate analysis identified discontinuation of DAPT >12 months (p = 0.003) as a strong determinant of retreatment with dome diameter ≥10 mm trending toward statistical significance (p = 0.064). Large aneurysm neck diameter, presence of aneurysm branch vessels, patient age, smoking history, and hypertension were not determinant of retreatment on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged DAPT is the most important determinant of aneurysm retreatment following single-device flow diversion. Abbreviating DAPT duration to only six months should be a consideration in this population, especially for patients with a large aneurysm dome diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E Vranic
- Department of Radiology, 2348Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, 2348Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Pablo Harker
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2348Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Christopher J Stapleton
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2348Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Robert W Regenhardt
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2348Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Adam A Dmytriw
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2348Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Naif M Alotaibi
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2348Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Rajiv Gupta
- Department of Radiology, 2348Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Thabele M Leslie-Mazwi
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2348Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Matthew J Koch
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2348Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Scott B Raymond
- Department of Radiology, 2090University of Vermont Medical Center, University of Vermont Medical Center, USA
| | - Justin R Mascitelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, USA
| | - T Tyler Patterson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Andrew White
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado, USA
| | - David Case
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado, USA
| | | | - Chirag D Gandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, 8138Westchester Medical Center, 8138Westchester Medical Center, USA
| | - Fawaz Al-Mufti
- Department of Neurosurgery, 8138Westchester Medical Center, 8138Westchester Medical Center, USA.,Department of Neurology, 8138Westchester Medical Center, 8138Westchester Medical Center, USA
| | - Jared Cooper
- Department of Neurosurgery, 8138Westchester Medical Center, 8138Westchester Medical Center, USA
| | - Aman B Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2348Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
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16
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Camargo LM, Lima PCTM, Janot K, Maldonado IL. Safety of Oral P2Y12 Inhibitors in Interventional Neuroradiology: Current Status and Perspectives. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:2119-2126. [PMID: 34674995 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the field of interventional neuroradiology, antiplatelet agents are commonly used to prepare patients before the implantation of permanent endovascular materials. Among the available drugs, clopidogrel is the most frequently used one, but resistance phenomena are considered to be relatively common. Prasugrel and ticagrelor were recently added to the pharmacologic arsenal, but the safety of these agents in patients undergoing neurointerventional procedures is still a subject of discussion. The cumulative experience with both drugs is less extensive than that with clopidogrel, and the experience with patients in the neurology field is less extensive than in the cardiology domain. In the present article, we provide a narrative review of studies that investigated safety issues of oral P2Y12 inhibitors in interventional neuroradiology and discuss potential routes for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Camargo
- From the Faculdade de Medicina (L.M.C.), Universidade Salvador, Salvador, Brazil
| | - P C T M Lima
- Serviço de Clínica Médica (P.C.T.M.L.), Hospital Santo Antônio, Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce, Salvador, Brazil
| | - K Janot
- Service de Neuroradiologie (K.J.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - I L Maldonado
- U1253, iBrain (I.L.M.), Université de Tours, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Tours, France
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17
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Park KY, Ozaki T, Kostynskyy A, Kortman H, Hilario A, Nicholson P, Agid R, Krings T, Pereira VM. Ticagrelor versus Clopidogrel in the Dual Antiplatelet Regimen for Intracranial Stenting or Flow-Diverter Treatment for Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms: A Single-Center Cohort Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1638-1644. [PMID: 34244132 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ticagrelor is a novel P2Y12 antagonist, and little is known about its efficacy and safety in the endovascular treatment of aneurysms. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel for stent-assisted coiling or flow-diversion treatment in patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS From November 2003 to February 2019, two hundred one patients (mean age, 57.5 years; 156 women) with 233 unruptured aneurysms underwent stent-assisted coiling or flow-diversion treatment. All patients received antiplatelet therapy of aspirin plus clopidogrel (clopidogrel group, 121 patients with 140 aneurysms) or aspirin plus ticagrelor (ticagrelor group, 80 patients with 93 aneurysms). The clinical and radiologic data in each group were retrospectively reviewed and compared. RESULTS Two hundred thirty-six procedures were performed, including stent-assisted coiling (n = 101) and flow diversion (n = 135). At 90 days, the primary outcome-a composite of any stroke and death-occurred in 9.9% of the clopidogrel group and 8.6% of the ticagrelor group (P = .822). Ischemic stroke occurred in 10 (7.0%) of the clopidogrel group and 7 (7.5%) of the ticagrelor group (P > .999). Disabling stroke occurred in 4 (2.8%) in the clopidogrel group and in 4 (4.3%) in the ticagrelor group (P = .716). Ninety-day death occurred in 3 (2.1%) in the clopidogrel group and 1 (1.1%) in the ticagrelor group (P > .999). Any bleeding at 90 days occurred in 13 (9.2%) in the clopidogrel group and 6 (6.5%) in the ticagrelor group (P = .479). CONCLUSIONS Ticagrelor appears to be as effective and safe as clopidogrel in stent-assisted coiling or flow-diversion treatment for unruptured cerebral aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Park
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (K.Y.P., T.O., A.K., H.K., A.H., P.N., R.A., T.K., V.M.P.), Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery (K.Y.P.), Severance Stroke Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T Ozaki
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (K.Y.P., T.O., A.K., H.K., A.H., P.N., R.A., T.K., V.M.P.), Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Kostynskyy
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (K.Y.P., T.O., A.K., H.K., A.H., P.N., R.A., T.K., V.M.P.), Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H Kortman
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (K.Y.P., T.O., A.K., H.K., A.H., P.N., R.A., T.K., V.M.P.), Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - A Hilario
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (K.Y.P., T.O., A.K., H.K., A.H., P.N., R.A., T.K., V.M.P.), Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Nicholson
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (K.Y.P., T.O., A.K., H.K., A.H., P.N., R.A., T.K., V.M.P.), Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Agid
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (K.Y.P., T.O., A.K., H.K., A.H., P.N., R.A., T.K., V.M.P.), Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Krings
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (K.Y.P., T.O., A.K., H.K., A.H., P.N., R.A., T.K., V.M.P.), Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - V M Pereira
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (K.Y.P., T.O., A.K., H.K., A.H., P.N., R.A., T.K., V.M.P.), Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Laurent D, Dodd WS, Small C, Gooch MR, Ghosh R, Goutnik M, Blatt T, Porche K, Geh N, Adamczak S, Polifka AJ, Brzezicki G, Hoh B, Chalouhi N. Ticagrelor resistance: a case series and algorithm for management of non-responders. J Neurointerv Surg 2021; 14:179-183. [PMID: 34215660 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-017638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The placement of cervical and intracranial stents requires the administration of antiplatelet drugs to prevent thromboembolic complications. Ticagrelor has emerged as the most widely used alternative in clopidogrel non-responders owing to its potent antiplatelet effects. Because ticagrelor does not require hepatic activation, many neurointerventionalists choose to forgo laboratory testing of platelet inhibition. In rare instances, patients may not achieve adequate platelet inhibition following ticagrelor administration. In this paper we review the mechanism of action of ticagrelor and its use in cerebrovascular procedures. We present two cases of ticagrelor non-responsiveness from two high-volume cerebrovascular centers, discuss their management, and propose an algorithm for managing ticagrelor non-responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Laurent
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - William S Dodd
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Coulter Small
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - M Reid Gooch
- Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ritam Ghosh
- Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Goutnik
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Ken Porche
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ndi Geh
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Stephanie Adamczak
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Adam J Polifka
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Grzegorz Brzezicki
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Brian Hoh
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nohra Chalouhi
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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19
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Xiang Y, Zhao H, Ding C, Chen H, Wang D, Liu A. The Prophylactic Use of Tirofiban versus Oral Antiplatelet Medications in Stent-Assisted Coiling of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Meta-analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:713-719. [PMID: 33707284 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protocol for optimal antiplatelet therapy to prevent thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications in patients with cerebral aneurysms using an endovascular approach is not clear. PURPOSE Our study analyzed the safety and efficacy of prophylactic tirofiban administration compared with oral antiplatelet drug therapy. DATA SOURCES We used the PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane library data bases. STUDY SELECTION Our study consisted of all case series with >5 patients that reported treatment-related outcomes of patients undergoing endovascular procedures pretreated with tirofiban or oral antiplatelet drug therapy. DATA ANALYSIS Random effects or fixed effects meta-analysis was used to pool the cumulative rate of complications, perioperative mortality, and good clinical outcomes. DATA SYNTHESIS Fifteen studies with 1981 patients were registered. Thromboembolic complications were significantly lower in the tirofiban group (3.6%; 95% CI, 1.9%-5.8%) compared with the dual-antiplatelet therapy group (8.5%, 95% CI, 4.5%-13%; P = .04). Pretreatment with tirofiban did not remarkably increase the rate of hemorrhagic complications (3.5%; 95% CI, 1.8%-5.6%) compared with dual-antiplatelet therapy (5.1%; 95% CI, 2.6%-8.5%; P = .371). There was a trend toward lower perioperative mortality with tirofiban (0.8%; 95% CI, 0.2%-1.6%) compared with dual-antiplatelet therapy (1.2%; 95% CI, 0.7%-2.0%; P = .412). There was no significant difference in the safety and efficacy between the tirofiban bolus plus drip and drip alone. LIMITATIONS The limitations are selection and publication biases. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic therapy with tirofiban resulted in significantly lower rates of thromboembolic complications with no increase in hemorrhagic events or mortality than the prophylactic use of dual-antiplatelet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xiang
- From the Departments of Pharmacy (Y.X., A.L.)
| | | | - C Ding
- Department of Pharmacy (C.D.), Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Shandong, China
| | - H Chen
- Department of Pharmacy (H.C.), Special Care Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - D Wang
- Neurosurgery (D.W.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - A Liu
- From the Departments of Pharmacy (Y.X., A.L.)
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20
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Nakagawa I, Park HS, Kotsugi M, Yokoyama S, Nakase K, Furuta T, Myouchin K, Yamada S, Nakase H. Active management of the target P2Y12 reaction unit range in patients undergoing stent-assisted coil embolization for unruptured cerebral aneurysms. J Neurointerv Surg 2021; 13:1017-1021. [PMID: 33674394 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-017249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet function tests have been increasingly adopted to measure patient responses to antiplatelet drugs, and to predict complications. However, no established optimal antiplatelet management for stent-assisted coil embolization (SAC) have been established. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of clopidogrel dose adjustment for active target P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU). METHODS A total of 202 consecutive patients undergoing SAC to treat unruptured intracranial aneurysms were prospectively recruited. All patients were given two antiplatelet agents starting 7 days prior to the procedure, and platelet function was measured with the VerifyNow test. Clopidogrel hyper-responsive patients received reduced dosing according to the values of follow-up PRUs before and 7, 14, 30, and 90 days after the procedure. Patients were divided into three groups according to clopidogrel responsiveness before treatment, and clinical outcomes and time in target PRU ranges (TTR) were analyzed. RESULTS No delayed ischemic or hemorrhagic events occurred that were associated with out-of-range PRU. PRU values in the hypo-responsive and hyper-responsive groups significantly improved 7 days after treatment with active target PRU management (p=0.05,<0.001, respectively). PRU values were controlled within the target PRU range with drug adjustment (p=0.034), and the time in TTR for all patients was 97% (4.8%-100%), which showed the feasibility of optimal control of PRU values with the protocol. CONCLUSION Active target PRU management can achieve control of optimal PRU values and may decrease perioperative ischemic and hemorrhagic events among patients undergoing SAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hun Soo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Masashi Kotsugi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Shohei Yokoyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Takanori Furuta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kaoru Myouchin
- Department of Radiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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21
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Pearce S, Maingard JT, Kuan Kok H, Barras CD, Russell JH, Hirsch JA, Chandra RV, Jhamb A, Thijs V, Brooks M, Asadi H. Antiplatelet Drugs for Neurointerventions: Part 2 Clinical Applications. Clin Neuroradiol 2021; 31:545-558. [PMID: 33646319 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-021-00997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endovascular techniques have expanded to include balloon and stent-assistance, flow diversion and individualized endovascular occlusion devices, to widen the treatment spectrum for more complex aneurysm morphologies. While usually well-tolerated by patients, endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms carries the risk of complications, with procedure-related ischemic complications being the most common. Several antiplatelet agents have been studied in a neurointerventional setting for both prophylaxis and in the setting of intraprocedural thrombotic complications. Knowledge of these antiplatelet agents, evidence for their use and common dosages is important for the practicing neurointerventionist to ensure the proper application of these agents.Part one of this two-part review focused on basic platelet physiology, pharmacology of common antiplatelet medications and future directions and therapies. Part two focuses on clinical applications and evidence based therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Pearce
- Department of Radiology, Western Health, 160 Gordon St, 3011, Footscray, Victoria, Australia. .,Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Monash Imaging, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Julian T Maingard
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Monash Imaging, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong Kuan Kok
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia.,Interventional Radiology Service, Northern Health Radiology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christen D Barras
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremy H Russell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshua A Hirsch
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronil V Chandra
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Monash Imaging, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ash Jhamb
- Interventional Neuroradiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincent Thijs
- Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Brooks
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia.,Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Interventional Neuroradiology service, Radiology Department, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hamed Asadi
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Monash Imaging, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia.,Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Interventional Neuroradiology service, Radiology Department, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Rosengart A, Collins MK, Hendrix P, Uber R, Sartori M, Jain A, Mao J, Goren O, Schirmer CM, Griessenauer CJ. P 2Y 12 inhibitors in neuroendovascular surgery: An opportunity for precision medicine. Interv Neuroradiol 2021; 27:682-694. [PMID: 33541183 DOI: 10.1177/1591019921991394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), primarily the combination of aspirin with a P2Y12 inhibitor, in patients undergoing intravascular stent or flow diverter placement remains the primary strategy to reduce device-related thromboembolic complications. However, selection, timing, and dosing of DAPT is critical and can be challenging given the existing significant inter- and intraindividual response variations to P2Y12 inhibitors. METHODS Assessment of indexed, peer-reviewed literature from 2000 to 2020 in interventional cardiology and neuroendovascular therapeutics with critical, peer-reviewed appraisal and extraction of evidence and strategies to utilize DAPT in cardio- and neurovascular patients with endoluminal devices. RESULTS Both geno- and phenotyping for DAPT are rapidly and conveniently available as point-of-care testing at a favorable cost-benefit ratio. Furthermore, systematic inclusion of a quantifying clinical risk score combined with an operator-linked, technical risk assessment for potential adverse events allows a more precise and individualized approach to new P2Y12 inhibitor therapy. CONCLUSIONS The latest evidence, primarily obtained from cardiovascular intervention trials, supports that combining patient pharmacogenetics with drug response monitoring, as part of an individually tailored, precision medicine approach, is both predictive and cost-effective in achieving and maintaining individual target platelet inhibition levels. Indirect evidence supports that this gain in optimizing drug responses translates to reducing main adverse events and overall treatment costs in patients undergoing DAPT after intracranial stent or flow diverting treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Rosengart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Malie K Collins
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - Philipp Hendrix
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | | | - Abhi Jain
- Department of Radiology, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Mao
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oded Goren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Clemens M Schirmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA.,Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christoph J Griessenauer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA.,Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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23
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Cortese J, Rasser C, Even G, Bardet SM, Choqueux C, Mesnier J, Perrin ML, Janot K, Caroff J, Nicoletti A, Michel JB, Spelle L, Caligiuri G, Rouchaud A. CD31 Mimetic Coating Enhances Flow Diverting Stent Integration into the Arterial Wall Promoting Aneurysm Healing. Stroke 2021; 52:677-686. [PMID: 33412905 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Beyond aneurysmal occlusion, metallic flow diverters (FDs) can induce an adverse endovascular reaction due to the foreignness of metal devices, hampering FD endothelialization across the aneurysm neck, and arterial healing of intracranial aneurysms. Here, we evaluated the potential benefits of an FD coating mimicking CD31, a coreceptor critically involved in endothelial function and endovascular homeostasis, on the endothelialization of FDs implanted in vivo. METHODS Nitinol FD (Silk Vista Baby) and flat disks were dip-coated with a CD31-mimetic peptide via an intermediate layer of polydopamine. Disks were used to assess the reaction of endothelial cells and blood elements in vitro. An aneurysm rabbit model was used to compare in vivo effects on the arterial wall of CD31-mimetic-coated (CD31-mimetic, n=6), polydopamine-coated (polydopamine, n=6), and uncoated FDs (bare, n=5) at 4 weeks post-FD implantation. In addition, long-term safety was assessed at 12 weeks. RESULTS In vitro, CD31-mimetic coated disks displayed reduced adhesion of blood elements while favoring endothelial cell attachment and confluence, compared to bare and polydopamine disks. Strikingly, in vivo, the neoarterial wall formed over the CD31-mimetic-FD struts at the aneurysm neck was characteristic of an arterial tunica media, with continuous differentiated endothelium covering a significantly thicker layer of collagen and smooth muscle cells as compared to the controls. The rates of angiographic complete occlusion and covered branch arterial patency were similar in all 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS CD31-mimetic coating favors the colonization of metallic endovascular devices with endothelial cells displaying a physiological phenotype while preventing the adhesion of platelets and leukocytes. These biological properties lead to a rapid and improved endothelialization of the neoarterial wall at the aneurysm neck. CD31-mimetic coating could therefore represent a valuable strategy for FD biocompatibility improvement and aneurysm healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cortese
- NEURI Center, Hôpital Bicêtre, APHP-Université Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (J. Cortese, J. Caroff, L.S.).,Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris, INSERM U1148, France (J. Cortese, C.R., G.E., C.C., J.M., A.N., J.-B.M., G.C.)
| | - Charlotte Rasser
- Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris, INSERM U1148, France (J. Cortese, C.R., G.E., C.C., J.M., A.N., J.-B.M., G.C.)
| | - Guillaume Even
- Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris, INSERM U1148, France (J. Cortese, C.R., G.E., C.C., J.M., A.N., J.-B.M., G.C.)
| | - Sylvia M Bardet
- University of Limoges, XLIM UMR CNRS 7252, France (S.M.B., M.-L.P., A.R.)
| | - Christine Choqueux
- Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris, INSERM U1148, France (J. Cortese, C.R., G.E., C.C., J.M., A.N., J.-B.M., G.C.)
| | - Jules Mesnier
- Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris, INSERM U1148, France (J. Cortese, C.R., G.E., C.C., J.M., A.N., J.-B.M., G.C.)
| | - Marie-Laure Perrin
- University of Limoges, XLIM UMR CNRS 7252, France (S.M.B., M.-L.P., A.R.)
| | - Kevin Janot
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Limoges University Hospital, France (K.J., A.R.)
| | - Jildaz Caroff
- NEURI Center, Hôpital Bicêtre, APHP-Université Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (J. Cortese, J. Caroff, L.S.)
| | - Antonino Nicoletti
- Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris, INSERM U1148, France (J. Cortese, C.R., G.E., C.C., J.M., A.N., J.-B.M., G.C.)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michel
- Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris, INSERM U1148, France (J. Cortese, C.R., G.E., C.C., J.M., A.N., J.-B.M., G.C.)
| | - Laurent Spelle
- NEURI Center, Hôpital Bicêtre, APHP-Université Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (J. Cortese, J. Caroff, L.S.)
| | - Giuseppina Caligiuri
- Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris, INSERM U1148, France (J. Cortese, C.R., G.E., C.C., J.M., A.N., J.-B.M., G.C.)
| | - Aymeric Rouchaud
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Limoges University Hospital, France (K.J., A.R.).,University of Limoges, XLIM UMR CNRS 7252, France (S.M.B., M.-L.P., A.R.)
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24
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AlMatter M, Aguilar Pérez M, Hellstern V, Mitrovic G, Ganslandt O, Bäzner H, Henkes H. Flow Diversion for Treatment of Acutely Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms : A Single Center Experience from 45 Consecutive Cases. Clin Neuroradiol 2020; 30:835-842. [PMID: 31686121 PMCID: PMC7728654 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-019-00846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports about the use of flow diverter stents (FDS) in the acute setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are limited. This article presents a single center experiences based on 45 consecutive cases with emphasis on complication rates and clinical and radiologic outcomes. METHODS A prospectively maintained database of all cases treated with FDS as a stand-alone or adjunct device was retrospectively reviewed. All patients treated within 30 days of SAH were included. Records were made of clinical presentation, details of endovascular treatment, procedural complications, clinical outcome, and degree of occlusion on follow-up. RESULTS In this study 45 patients (48.9% females; mean age 58.8 ± 12.4 years) were included. Flow diversion was performed after a median of 4 days. The procedural complication rate was 13.3% resulting in 2.2% permanent morbidities and 4.4% mortalities. No major hemorrhagic complications related to antiplatelet therapy were recorded. Immediate complete occlusion was achieved in 13.3%. Among survivors, complete occlusion was achieved in 94.6%. Excellent clinical outcome was recorded in 68.9% and 81.6% of the total population and survivors, respectively. There were no records of rebleeding from the target lesions. CONCLUSION Flow diversion is an attractive alternative strategy for management of acutely ruptured aneurysms with high rates of delayed complete occlusion and acceptable complication rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad AlMatter
- Neuroradiologische Klinik, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße 60, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Marta Aguilar Pérez
- Neuroradiologische Klinik, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße 60, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Victoria Hellstern
- Neuroradiologische Klinik, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße 60, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Goran Mitrovic
- Neuroradiologische Klinik, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße 60, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oliver Ganslandt
- Neurochirurgische Klinik, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Bäzner
- Neurologische Klinik, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans Henkes
- Neuroradiologische Klinik, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße 60, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany
- Medizinische Fakultät, der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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25
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Campos JK, Cheaney Ii B, Lien BV, Zarrin DA, Vo CD, Colby GP, Lin LM, Coon AL. Advances in endovascular aneurysm management: flow modulation techniques with braided mesh devices. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2020; 5:1-13. [PMID: 32411402 PMCID: PMC7213520 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow diverters and flow disruption technology, alongside nuanced endovascular techniques, have ushered in a new era of treating cerebral aneurysms. Here, we provide an overview of the latest flow modulation devices and highlight their clinical applications and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Campos
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Barry Cheaney Ii
- Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Brian V Lien
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA
| | - David A Zarrin
- Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chau D Vo
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Geoffrey P Colby
- UCLA Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Li-Mei Lin
- Carondelet Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, Carondelet Health Network, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Alexander L Coon
- Carondelet Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, Carondelet Health Network, Tucson, Arizona, United States
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26
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Maragkos GA, Thomas AJ. Commentary: Antiplatelet Therapy in Flow Diversion. Neurosurgery 2020; 86:S53-S54. [PMID: 31838525 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajith J Thomas
- Neurosurgical Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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27
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Tonetti DA, Jankowitz BT, Gross BA. Antiplatelet Therapy in Flow Diversion. Neurosurgery 2019; 86:S47-S52. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Dual antiplatelet therapy is typically employed as a means to mitigate thromboembolic complications after deployment of flow diverters, most commonly consisting of aspirin with either clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor. Recent studies have demonstrated at least similar efficacy for ticagrelor as compared to clopidogrel in the form of periprocedural complications and angiographic results. Though controversial, systematic reviews of platelet function assay usage have demonstrated greater rates of thrombotic complications in antiplatelet hyporesponders and greater rates of hemorrhagic complications in hyperresponders. Though in its infancy, the management of antiplatelet therapy for acutely ruptured aneurysms treated with flow diversion is not yet standardized, with approaches including intravenous glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors and subsequent antiplatelet loading vs antiplatelet loading, response assessment, and subsequent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Tonetti
- UPMC Stroke Institute and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian T Jankowitz
- UPMC Stroke Institute and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bradley A Gross
- UPMC Stroke Institute and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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28
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Yan H, Karmur BS, Kulkarni AV. Comparing Effects of Treatment: Controlling for Confounding. Neurosurgery 2019; 86:325-331. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Determining true causal links between an intervention and an outcome forms an imperative task in research studies in neurosurgery. Although the study results sometimes demonstrate clear statistical associations, it is important to ensure that this represents a true causal link. A confounding variable, or confounder, affects the association between a potential predictor and an outcome.
OBJECTIVE
To discuss what confounding is and the means by which it can be eliminated or controlled.
METHODS
We identified neurosurgical research studies demonstrating the principles of eliminating confounding by means of study design and data analysis.
RESULTS
In this report, we outline the role of confounding in neurosurgical studies after giving an overview of its identification. We report on the definition of confounding and effect modification, and the differences in the 2. We explain study design techniques to eliminate confounding, including simple, block, stratified, and minimization randomization, along with restriction of sample and matching. Data analysis techniques of eliminating confounding include regression analysis, propensity scoring, and subgroup analysis.
CONCLUSION
Understanding confounding is important for conducting a good research study. Study design techniques provide the best way to control for confounders, but when not possible to alter study design, data analysis techniques can also provide an effective control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brij S Karmur
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Abhaya V Kulkarni
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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González A, Ortega-Quintanilla J, Zapata-Arriaza E, de Albóniga-Chindurza A, García-Lozano JR, Luque Vega MI, Cayuela A. Dose adjustment of clopidogrel in hyper-responder patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with stents. J Neurointerv Surg 2019; 12:499-504. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2019-015288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThe management of clopidogrel in hyper-responders has not been well described. We report the treatment and dose adjustment individualization with clopidogrel oral solution (COS) in hyper-responder patients with an unruptured intracranial aneurysm treated with a stent.MethodsA prospective study (2015–2018) in patients receiving clopidogrel prior to endovascular treatment was performed. Platelet reactivity after clopidogrel therapy was evaluated with the VerifyNow PRU test. Initial values ≤80 PRU (P2Y12 reactivity units) were classified as a hyper-response according to prior evidence. Patients were treated with clopidogrel for 7–10 days before stent treatment. Seven days post-procedure the dose of COS was gradually reduced (30 mg–20 mg–10 mg–5 mg) every 5 days to 5 mg (1 mL)/day.ResultsTwenty patients with 24 aneurysms were classified as having a hyper-response to clopidogrel. Mean age was 55.2 years (range 42–64) and 80% were women. Mean baseline PRU value and the percentage of platelet inhibition were 16.4±11.5 PRU and 92.05±7.5%, respectively. The mean time used to decrease the dose of clopidogrel to 5 mg/day was 27±4.3 days. Modified dosing strategies were shown to increase the final PRU values and to decrease the percentage of platelet inhibition (137.42±27.4 and 41.5±14.8%, respectively). Two of the 20 patients with dose adjustment of oral solution of clopidogrel (5 mg/day) in our cohort exhibited a delayed conversion to hypo-response. No patients suffered thromboembolic events related to the dose adjustment of clopidogrel with 5 mg/day during the follow-up.ConclusionReduction of the daily maintenance dose of clopidogrel in hyper-responder patients could provide a similar antiplatelet effect to the standard dose of clopidogrel, allowing a PRU value in the optimal range.
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30
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Podlasek A, Al Sultan AA, Assis Z, Kashani N, Goyal M, Almekhlafi MA. Outcome of intracranial flow diversion according to the antiplatelet regimen used: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurointerv Surg 2019; 12:148-155. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2019-014996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundThromboembolic complications are not uncommon in patients undergoing neurointerventional procedures. The use of flow diverting stents is associated with higher risks of these complications despite current dual antiplatelet regimens.ObjectiveTo explore contemporary evidence on the safety of emerging dual antiplatelet regimens in flow diverting stenting procedures.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify relevant articles in electronic databases, and relevant references. Studies reporting the complications and mortality of flow diverting stenting procedures using acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) + ticagrelor or ASA + prasugrel compared with ASA + clopidogrel were included.ResultsOf 452 potentially relevant studies, we identified 49 studies (2526 patients) which reported the safety of ticagrelor or prasugrel for pooled analysis, and five studies (1005 patients) for meta-analysis. The pooled overall mortality in all studies was 2.14%, ischemic complications 6.89%, and hemorrhagic complications 3.68%. The use of ticagrelor or prasugrel was associated with a lower risk of mortality compared with clopidogrel (RR=4.57, 95% CI 1.23 to 16.99; p=0.02). Considering ischemic events, ASA + clopidogrel was as safe as ASA + prasugrel (RR=0.55, 95% CI 0.11 to 2.74; p=0.47) and ASA + ticagrelor (RR=0.74, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.74; p=0.49). ASA +ticagrelor was not associated with a higher risk of hemorrhagic complications (RR=0.92, 95% CI 0.27 to 3.16; p=0.89).ConclusionsEvidence suggests that dual antiplatelet regimens including ticagrelor or prasugrel are safe for patients undergoing flow diversion procedures. Regimens using ticagrelor were associated with better survival than those using clopidogrel in the included studies.
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