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Rico A, Valls A, Guembelzu G, Azpitarte M, Aiastui A, Zufiria M, Jaka O, López de Munain A, Sáenz A. Altered expression of proteins involved in metabolism in LGMDR1 muscle is lost in cell culture conditions. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:315. [PMID: 37817200 PMCID: PMC10565977 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R1 calpain 3-related (LGMDR1) is an autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy due to mutations in the CAPN3 gene. While the pathophysiology of this disease has not been clearly established yet, Wnt and mTOR signaling pathways impairment in LGMDR1 muscles has been reported. RESULTS A reduction in Akt phosphorylation ratio and upregulated expression of proteins implicated in glycolysis (HK-II) and in fructose and lactate transport (GLUT5 and MCT1) in LGMDR1 muscle was observed. In vitro analysis to establish mitochondrial and glycolytic functions of primary cultures were performed, however, no differences between control and patients were observed. Additionally, gene expression analysis showed a lack of correlation between primary myoblasts/myotubes and LGMDR1 muscle while skin fibroblasts and CD56- cells showed a slightly better correlation with muscle. FRZB gene was upregulated in all the analyzed cell types (except in myoblasts). CONCLUSIONS Proteins implicated in metabolism are deregulated in LGMDR1 patients' muscle. Obtained results evidence the limited usefulness of primary myoblasts/myotubes for LGMDR1 gene expression and metabolic studies. However, since FRZB is the only gene that showed upregulation in all the analyzed cell types it is suggested its role as a key regulator of the pathophysiology of the LGMDR1 muscle fiber. The Wnt signaling pathway inactivation, secondary to FRZB upregulation, and GLUT5 overexpression may participate in the impaired adipogenesis in LGMD1R patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Rico
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBERNED, CIBER, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Valls
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBERNED, CIBER, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Garazi Guembelzu
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBERNED, CIBER, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Azpitarte
- Cell Culture, Histology and Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Aiastui
- Department of Neurology, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organization, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mónica Zufiria
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBERNED, CIBER, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oihane Jaka
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBERNED, CIBER, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBERNED, CIBER, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organization, San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Amets Sáenz
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain.
- CIBERNED, CIBER, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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Beecher G, Fleming MD, Liewluck T. Hereditary myopathies associated with hematological abnormalities. Muscle Nerve 2022; 65:374-390. [PMID: 34985130 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The diagnostic evaluation of a patient with suspected hereditary muscle disease can be challenging. Clinicians rely largely on clinical history and examination features, with additional serological, electrodiagnostic, radiologic, histopathologic, and genetic investigations assisting in definitive diagnosis. Hematological testing is inexpensive and widely available, but frequently overlooked in the hereditary myopathy evaluation. Hematological abnormalities are infrequently encountered in this setting; however, their presence provides a valuable clue, helps refine the differential diagnosis, tailors further investigation, and assists interpretation of variants of uncertain significance. A diverse spectrum of hematological abnormalities is associated with hereditary myopathies, including anemias, leukocyte abnormalities, and thrombocytopenia. Recurrent rhabdomyolysis in certain glycolytic enzymopathies co-occurs with hemolytic anemia, often chronic and mild in phosphofructokinase and phosphoglycerate kinase deficiencies, or acute and fever-associated in aldolase-A and triosephosphate isomerase deficiency. Sideroblastic anemia, commonly severe, accompanies congenital-to-childhood onset mitochondrial myopathies including Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome and mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia phenotypes. Congenital megaloblastic macrocytic anemia and mitochondrial dysfunction characterize SFXN4-related myopathy. Neutropenia, chronic or cyclical, with recurrent infections, infantile-to-childhood onset skeletal myopathy and cardiomyopathy are typical of Barth syndrome, while chronic neutropenia without infection occurs rarely in DNM2-centronuclear myopathy. Peripheral eosinophilia may accompany eosinophilic inflammation in recessive calpainopathy. Lipid accumulation in leukocytes on peripheral blood smear (Jordans' anomaly) is pathognomonic for neutral lipid storage diseases. Mild thrombocytopenia occurs in autosomal dominant, childhood-onset STIM1 tubular aggregate myopathy, STIM1 and ORAI1 deficiency syndromes, and GNE myopathy. Herein, we review these hereditary myopathies in which hematological features play a prominent role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grayson Beecher
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark D Fleming
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Teerin Liewluck
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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3
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Malfatti E, Richard I. [Calpainopathies: state of the art and therapeutic perspectives]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 36 Hors série n° 2:17-21. [PMID: 33427631 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpainopathies are inherited limb-girdle muscular dystrophies, most often following an autosomal recessive (AR) transmission. Autosomal dominant (AD) forms with less severe presentation are increasingly reported. Calpainopathies with autosomal recessive (AR) mutations of the calpain3 gene (CAPN3) are associated with limb girdle muscular dystrophy type R1 (LGMD-R1, OMIM 253600) also referred to as LGMD-2A according to the old nomenclature. LGMD-R1 is the commonest form of all LGMDs, with an estimated prevalence of 10 to 70 cases per million inhabitants, that is a cohort of between 670 and 4,200 patients in France theoritically. Patients present a symmetrical proximal axial myopathy manifesting itself between the first and second decade. The clinical course is variable. The level of Creatine- Kinase (CK) is usually high and there is no cardiac involvement. From a therapeutic perspective, the autosomal recessive form of calpainopathy is quite suitable to gene replacement strategies; the viability of recombinant AAV-mediated calpain 3 transfer has been demonstrated in animal models and clinical trials are expected in the coming years. Meanwhile, natural history studies are needed to prepare for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Malfatti
- Centre Expert de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France et Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Nord/Est/Île-de-France
| | - Isabelle Richard
- Généthon, 91000, Évry, France. - Université Paris-Saclay, Université Évry, Inserm, Généthon, Unité de Recherche Integrare, UMR_S951, 91000, Évry, France
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4
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El-Khoury R, Traboulsi S, Hamad T, Lamaa M, Sawaya R, Ahdab-Barmada M. Divergent Features of Mitochondrial Deficiencies in LGMD2A Associated With Novel Calpain-3 Mutations. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:88-98. [PMID: 30500922 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting. LGMD2A is caused by mutations in the calpain-3 gene (CAPN3) that encodes a Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease predominantly expressed in the skeletal muscle. Underlying pathological mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Mitochondrial abnormalities have been variably reported in human subjects with LGMD2A and were more systematically evaluated in CAPN3-knocked out mouse models. We have combined histochemical, immunohistochemical, molecular, biochemical, and ultrastructural analyses in our study in order to better outline mitochondrial features in 2 LGMD2A patients with novel CAPN3-associated mutations. Both patients underwent detailed clinical evaluations, followed by muscle biopsies from the quadriceps muscles. The diagnosis of LGMD2A in both patients was first suspected on the basis of a typical clinical localization of the muscle weakness, and confirmed by molecular investigations. Two novel homozygous mutations, c.2242C>G (p.Arg748Gly) and c.291C>A (p.Phe97Leu) were identified: c.2242C>G (p.Arg748Gly) mutation was associated with a significant mitochondrial mass depletion and myofibrillar disruption in the first patient, while c.291C>A (p.Phe97Leu) mutation was accompanied by reactive mitochondrial proliferation with ragged-red fibers in the second patient. Our results delineate CAPN3 mutation-specific patterns of mitochondrial dysfunction and their ultrastructural characteristics in LGMD2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyad El-Khoury
- Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Traboulsi
- Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tarek Hamad
- Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maher Lamaa
- Department of Pediatrics, Al Bahman Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Raja Sawaya
- Department of Neurology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mamdouha Ahdab-Barmada
- Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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5
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Liewluck T, Milone M. Untangling the complexity of limb-girdle muscular dystrophies. Muscle Nerve 2018; 58:167-177. [PMID: 29350766 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are a group of genetically heterogeneous, autosomal inherited muscular dystrophies with a childhood to adult onset, manifesting with hip- and shoulder-girdle muscle weakness. When the term LGMD was first conceptualized in 1954, it was thought to be a single entity. Currently, there are 8 autosomal dominant (LGMD1A-1H) and 26 autosomal recessive (LGMD2A-2Z) variants according to the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database. In addition, there are other genetically identified muscular dystrophies with an LGMD phenotype not yet classified as LGMD. This highlights the entanglement of LGMDs, which represents an area in continuous expansion. Herein we aim to simplify the complexity of LGMDs by subgrouping them on the basis of the underlying defective protein and impaired function. Muscle Nerve 58: 167-177, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerin Liewluck
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
| | - Margherita Milone
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
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6
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An eccentric calpain, CAPN3/p94/calpain-3. Biochimie 2016; 122:169-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2a with mutation in CAPN3: the first report in Taiwan. Pediatr Neonatol 2015; 56:62-5. [PMID: 23597518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A) is caused by mutations in the calpain 3 (CAPN3) gene, and it is characterized by selective atrophy and weakness of proximal limb and girdle muscles. We report a 33-year-old woman with initial presentations of exercise intolerance and running difficulty at age 15 years. At presentation, waddling gait, positive Gowers' sign, and marked muscle atrophy in pelvic and leg muscles were noted. Muscle computed tomography (CT) imaging demonstrated symmetric involvement of the posterior thigh muscles with relative sparing of vastus lateralis, sartorius, and gracilis. Muscle biopsy revealed a dystrophic change and many lobulated fibers on NADH-tetrazolium reductase staining. Genetic analysis of the CAPN3 gene identified a novel homozygous mutation of c2047_2050 del4, p.Lys683fs mutation, confirming the first LGMD2A patient in Taiwan.
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8
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Ojima K, Ono Y, Hata S, Noguchi S, Nishino I, Sorimachi H. Muscle-specific calpain-3 is phosphorylated in its unique insertion region for enrichment in a myofibril fraction. Genes Cells 2014; 19:830-41. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ojima
- Animal Products Research Division; NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science; 2 Ikenodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0901 Japan
- Calpain Project; Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa Setagaya-ku Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
| | - Yasuko Ono
- Calpain Project; Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa Setagaya-ku Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
| | - Shoji Hata
- Calpain Project; Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa Setagaya-ku Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
| | - Satoru Noguchi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research; National Institute of Neuroscience; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi Kodaira Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research; National Institute of Neuroscience; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi Kodaira Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sorimachi
- Calpain Project; Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa Setagaya-ku Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
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9
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Sakuma K, Aoi W, Yamaguchi A. The intriguing regulators of muscle mass in sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:230. [PMID: 25221510 PMCID: PMC4148637 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the biology of muscle have led to new interest in the pharmacological treatment of muscle wasting. Loss of muscle mass and increased intramuscular fibrosis occur in both sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy. Several regulators (mammalian target of rapamycin, serum response factor, atrogin-1, myostatin, etc.) seem to modulate protein synthesis and degradation or transcription of muscle-specific genes during both sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy. This review provides an overview of the adaptive changes in several regulators of muscle mass in both sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Sakuma
- Research Center for Physical Fitness, Sports and Health, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Laboratory of Health Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Japan
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10
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Fanin M, Nascimbeni AC, Angelini C. Muscle atrophy in
L
imb
G
irdle
M
uscular
D
ystrophy 2
A
: a morphometric and molecular study. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2013; 39:762-71. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Fanin
- Department of Neurosciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | | | - C. Angelini
- Department of Neurosciences University of Padova Padova Italy
- IRCCS San Camillo Venice Italy
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11
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Gene expression profiling identifies molecular pathways associated with collagen VI deficiency and provides novel therapeutic targets. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77430. [PMID: 24223098 PMCID: PMC3819505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD), caused by collagen VI deficiency, is a common congenital muscular dystrophy. At present, the role of collagen VI in muscle and the mechanism of disease are not fully understood. To address this we have applied microarrays to analyse the transcriptome of UCMD muscle and compare it to healthy muscle and other muscular dystrophies. We identified 389 genes which are differentially regulated in UCMD relative to controls. In addition, there were 718 genes differentially expressed between UCMD and dystrophin deficient muscle. In contrast, only 29 genes were altered relative to other congenital muscular dystrophies. Changes in gene expression were confirmed by real-time PCR. The set of regulated genes was analysed by Gene Ontology, KEGG pathways and Ingenuity Pathway analysis to reveal the molecular functions and gene networks associated with collagen VI defects. The most significantly regulated pathways were those involved in muscle regeneration, extracellular matrix remodelling and inflammation. We characterised the immune response in UCMD biopsies as being mainly mediated via M2 macrophages and the complement pathway indicating that anti-inflammatory treatment may be beneficial to UCMD as for other dystrophies. We studied the immunolocalisation of ECM components and found that biglycan, a collagen VI interacting proteoglycan, was reduced in the basal lamina of UCMD patients. We propose that biglycan reduction is secondary to collagen VI loss and that it may be contributing towards UCMD pathophysiology. Consequently, strategies aimed at over-expressing biglycan and restore the link between the muscle cell surface and the extracellular matrix should be considered.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE At present, more than 20 different forms of limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are known (at least 7 autosomal dominant and 14 autosomal recessive). Although these different forms show some typical phenotypic characteristics, the existing clinical overlap makes their differential diagnosis difficult. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2 (LGMD2A) is the most prevalent LGMD in many European as well as Brazilian communities and is caused by mutations in the gene CAPN3. Laboratory testing, such as calpain immunohistochemistry and Western-blot analysis, is not totally reliable, since up to 20% of molecularly confirmed LGMD2A show normal content of calpain 3 and a third of LGMD2A biopsies have normal calpain 3 proteo-lytic activity in the muscle. Thus, genetic testing is considered as the only reliable diagnostic criterion in LGMD2A. MATERIAL AND METHODS In an attempt to find a correlation between genotype and muscle pathology in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2A we performed histopathological investigation of a group of 31 patients subdivided according to the type of pathologic CAPN3 gene mutation. RESULTS In all biopsies typical features of muscular dystrophy such as fiber necrosis and regeneration, variation in fiber size and fibrosis were noted. Lobulated fibers were often encountered in the muscle biopsies of LGMD2A patients. Such fibers were more frequent in patients with 550delA mutation. CONCLUSIONS These findings may be helpful in establishing diagnostic strategies in LGMD.
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Rosales XQ, Malik V, Sneh A, Chen L, Lewis S, Kota J, Gastier-Foster JM, Astbury C, Pyatt R, Reshmi S, Rodino-Klapac LR, Clark KR, Mendell JR, Sahenk Z. Impaired regeneration in LGMD2A supported by increased PAX7-positive satellite cell content and muscle-specific microrna dysregulation. Muscle Nerve 2013; 47:731-9. [PMID: 23553538 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent in vitro studies suggest that CAPN3 deficiency leads initially to accelerated myofiber formation followed by depletion of satellite cells (SC). In normal muscle, up-regulation of miR-1 and miR-206 facilitates transition from proliferating SCs to differentiating myogenic progenitors. METHODS We examined the histopathological stages, Pax7 SC content, and muscle-specific microRNA expression in biopsy specimens from well-characterized LGMD 2A patients to gain insight into disease pathogenesis. RESULTS Three distinct stages of pathological changes were identified that represented the continuum of the dystrophic process from prominent inflammation with necrosis and regeneration to prominent fibrosis, which correlated with age and disease duration. Pax7-positive SCs were highest in the fibrotic group and correlated with down-regulation of miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-206. CONCLUSIONS These observations, and other published reports, are consistent with microRNA dysregulation leading to inability of Pax7-positive SCs to transit from proliferation to differentiation. This results in impaired regeneration and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiomara Q Rosales
- Neuromuscular Center at The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Tsuburaya R, Suzuki T, Saiki K, Nonaka I, Sugita H, Hayashi YK, Nishino I. Lobulated fibers in a patient with 46-year history of limb-girdle muscle weakness. Neuropathology 2011; 31:455-7. [PMID: 21518015 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2011.01221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Tsuburaya
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo , Japan
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15
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Gallardo E, Saenz A, Illa I. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2A. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2011; 101:97-110. [PMID: 21496626 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-045031-5.00006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A) is caused by mutations in the gene CAPN3 located in the chromosome region 15q15.1-q21.1. To date more than 300 mutations have been described. This gene encodes for a 94-kDa nonlysosomal calcium-dependent cysteine protease and its function in skeletal muscle is not fully understood. It seems that calpain-3 has an unusual zymogenic activation that involves, among other substrates, cytoskeletal proteins. Calpain-3 is thought to interact with titin and dysferlin. Calpain-3 deficiency produces abnormal sarcomeres that lead eventually to muscle fiber death. Hip adductors and gluteus maximus are the earliest clinically affected muscles. No clinical differences have been reported depending on the type of mutation in the CAPN3 gene. The muscle biopsy shows variability of fiber size, interstitial fibrosis, internal nuclei, lobulated fibers, and, in some cases, presence of eosinophils. Recent gene expression profiling studies have shown upregulation of interleukin-32 and immunoglobulin genes, which may explain the eosinophilic infiltration. Two mouse knockout models of CAPN3 have been characterized. There are no curative treatments for this disease. However, experimental therapeutics using mouse models conclude that adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors seem to be one of the best approaches because of their efficiency and persistency of gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Gallardo
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Luo SS, Xi JY, Lu JH, Zhao CB, Zhu WH, Lin J, Wang Y, Ren HM, Yin B, Andoni UJ. Clinical and pathological features in 15 Chinese patients with calpainopathy. Muscle Nerve 2010; 43:402-9. [PMID: 21321956 DOI: 10.1002/mus.21908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calpainopathy is comprised of a group of myopathies caused by deficiency in calcium-activated, neutral protease (calpain-3). In this study we identify calpainopathy in a cohort of Chinese patients with unclassified myopathy and analyze its clinical and pathological features. METHODS Sixty-six muscle biopsies were selected for combined Western blotting of dysferlin and calpain-3 after immunohistochemical staining. Clinical and pathological parameters of 15 confirmed calpainopathy cases were determined. RESULTS The diagnosis of calpainopathy in 15 Chinese patients was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Fourteen subjects had progressive proximal muscle weakness; 1 presented with bilateral distal muscle atrophy of the lower extremities. Scapular winging was observed in 12 patients (80%), and joint contractures were found in 10 others (66.7%). Histopathological studies showed a high prevalence of lobulated fibers (66.7%). CONCLUSIONS Chinese patients with calpainopathy share some common clinical and pathological features with the reported characteristics of non-Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Shan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
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Comparative gene expression profiling between human cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle tissue. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:125. [PMID: 20175888 PMCID: PMC2838843 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A high-sensitivity DNA microarray platform requiring nanograms of RNA input facilitates the application of transcriptome analysis to individual skeletal muscle (SM) tissue samples. Culturing myotubes from SM-biopsies enables investigating transcriptional defects and assaying therapeutic strategies. This study compares the transcriptome of aneurally cultured human SM cells versus that of tissue biopsies. Results We used the Illumina expression BeadChips to determine the transcriptomic differences between tissue and cultured SM samples from five individuals. Changes in the expression of several genes were confirmed by QuantiGene Plex assay or reverse transcription real-time PCR. In cultured myotubes compared to the tissue, 1216 genes were regulated: 583 down and 633 up. Gene ontology analysis showed that downregulated genes were mainly associated with cytoplasm, particularly mitochondria, and involved in metabolism and the muscle-system/contraction process. Upregulated genes were predominantly related to cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, and extracellular matrix. The most significantly regulated pathway was mitochondrial dysfunction. Apoptosis genes were also modulated. Among the most downregulated genes detected in this study were genes encoding metabolic proteins AMPD1, PYGM, CPT1B and UCP3, muscle-system proteins TMOD4, MYBPC1, MYOZ1 and XIRP2, the proteolytic CAPN3 and the myogenic regulator MYF6. Coordinated reduced expression of five members of the GIMAP gene family, which form a cluster on chromosome 7, was shown, and the GIMAP4-reduction was validated. Within the most upregulated group were genes encoding senescence/apoptosis-related proteins CDKN1A and KIAA1199 and potential regulatory factors HIF1A, TOP2A and CCDC80. Conclusions Cultured muscle cells display reductive metabolic and muscle-system transcriptome adaptations as observed in muscle atrophy and they activate tissue-remodeling and senescence/apoptosis processes.
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Sáenz A, Azpitarte M, Armañanzas R, Leturcq F, Alzualde A, Inza I, García-Bragado F, De la Herran G, Corcuera J, Cabello A, Navarro C, De la Torre C, Gallardo E, Illa I, López de Munain A. Gene expression profiling in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2A. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3750. [PMID: 19015733 PMCID: PMC2582180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A) is a recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in calpain 3 (CAPN3). Calpain 3 plays different roles in muscular cells, but little is known about its functions or in vivo substrates. The aim of this study was to identify the genes showing an altered expression in LGMD2A patients and the possible pathways they are implicated in. Ten muscle samples from LGMD2A patients with in which molecular diagnosis was ascertained were investigated using array technology to analyze gene expression profiling as compared to ten normal muscle samples. Upregulated genes were mostly those related to extracellular matrix (different collagens), cell adhesion (fibronectin), muscle development (myosins and melusin) and signal transduction. It is therefore suggested that different proteins located or participating in the costameric region are implicated in processes regulated by calpain 3 during skeletal muscle development. Genes participating in the ubiquitin proteasome degradation pathway were found to be deregulated in LGMD2A patients, suggesting that regulation of this pathway may be under the control of calpain 3 activity. As frizzled-related protein (FRZB) is upregulated in LGMD2A muscle samples, it could be hypothesized that beta-catenin regulation is also altered at the Wnt signaling pathway, leading to an incorrect myogenesis. Conversely, expression of most transcription factor genes was downregulated (MYC, FOS and EGR1). Finally, the upregulation of IL-32 and immunoglobulin genes may induce the eosinophil chemoattraction explaining the inflammatory findings observed in presymptomatic stages. The obtained results try to shed some light on identification of novel therapeutic targets for limb-girdle muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amets Sáenz
- Experimental Unit, Hospital Donostia, Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Neurol 2008; 21:615-24. [PMID: 18769258 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0b013e32830fb782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sáenz A, López de Munain A. Matrices de ADN: visión general y aplicaciones específicas. Med Clin (Barc) 2008; 130:504-9. [DOI: 10.1157/13119504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fanin M, Nardetto L, Nascimbeni AC, Tasca E, Spinazzi M, Padoan R, Angelini C. Correlations between clinical severity, genotype and muscle pathology in limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A. J Med Genet 2007; 44:609-14. [PMID: 17526799 PMCID: PMC2597960 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2007.050328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A) is characterised by wide variability in clinical features and rate of progression. Patients with two null mutations usually have a rapid course, but in the remaining cases (two missense mutations or compound heterozygote mutations) prognosis is uncertain. METHODS We conducted what is to our knowledge the first systematic histopathological, biochemical and molecular investigation of 24 LGMD2A patients, subdivided according to rapid or slow disease progression, to determine if some parameters could correlate with disease progression. RESULTS We found that muscle histopathology score and the extent of regenerating and degenerating fibres could be correlated with the rate of disease course when the biochemical and molecular data do not offer sufficient information. Comparison of clinical and muscle histopathological data between LGMD2A and four other types of LGMD (LGMD2B-E) also gave another important and novel result. We found that LGMD2A has significantly lower levels of dystrophic features (ie degenerating and regenerating fibres) and higher levels of chronic changes (ie lobulated fibres) compared with other LGMDs, particularly LGMD2B. These results might explain the observation that atrophic muscle involvement seems to be a clinical feature peculiar to LGMD2A patients. CONCLUSIONS Distinguishing patterns of muscle histopathological changes in LGMD2A might reflect the effects of a disease-specific pathogenetic mechanism and provide clues complementary to genetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fanin
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy.
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