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Belekhova MG, Kenigfest NB, Chmykhova NM. Evolutionary Formation and Functional
Significance
of the Core–Belt Pattern of Neural Organization of Rostral Auditory
Centers in Vertebrates. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093020040018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Casas-Torremocha D, Clascá F, Núñez Á. Posterior Thalamic Nucleus Modulation of Tactile Stimuli Processing in Rat Motor and Primary Somatosensory Cortices. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:69. [PMID: 29021744 PMCID: PMC5623691 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents move rhythmically their facial whiskers and compute differences between signals predicted and those resulting from the movement to infer information about objects near their head. These computations are carried out by a large network of forebrain structures that includes the thalamus and the primary somatosensory (S1BF) and motor (M1wk) cortices. Spatially and temporally precise mechanorreceptive whisker information reaches the S1BF cortex via the ventroposterior medial thalamic nucleus (VPM). Other whisker-related information may reach both M1wk and S1BF via the axons from the posterior thalamic nucleus (Po). However, Po axons may convey, in addition to direct sensory signals, the dynamic output of computations between whisker signals and descending motor commands. It has been proposed that this input may be relevant for adjusting cortical responses to predicted vs. unpredicted whisker signals, but the effects of Po input on M1wk and S1BF function have not been directly tested or compared in vivo. Here, using electrophysiology, optogenetics and pharmacological tools, we compared in adult rats M1wk and S1BF in vivo responses in the whisker areas of the motor and primary somatosensory cortices to passive multi-whisker deflection, their dependence on Po activity, and their changes after a brief intense activation of Po axons. We report that the latencies of the first component of tactile-evoked local field potentials in M1wk and S1BF are similar. The evoked potentials decrease markedly in M1wk, but not in S1BF, by injection in Po of the GABAA agonist muscimol. A brief high-frequency electrical stimulation of Po decreases the responsivity of M1wk and S1BF cells to subsequent whisker stimulation. This effect is prevented by the local application of omega-agatoxin, suggesting that it may in part depend on GABA release by fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV)-expressing cortical interneurons. Local optogenetic activation of Po synapses in different cortical layers also diminishes M1wk and S1BF responses. This effect is most pronounced in the superficial layers of both areas, known to be the main source and target of their reciprocal cortico-cortical connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Casas-Torremocha
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Clascá
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Núñez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Kaloti AS, Johnson EC, Bresee CS, Naufel SN, Perich MG, Jones DL, Hartmann MJZ. Representation of Stimulus Speed and Direction in Vibrissal-Sensitive Regions of the Trigeminal Nuclei: A Comparison of Single Unit and Population Responses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158399. [PMID: 27463524 PMCID: PMC4963183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat vibrissal (whisker) system is one of the oldest and most important models for the study of active tactile sensing and sensorimotor integration. It is well established that primary sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglion respond to deflections of one and only one whisker, and that these neurons are strongly tuned for both the speed and direction of individual whisker deflections. During active whisking behavior, however, multiple whiskers will be deflected simultaneously. Very little is known about how neurons at central levels of the trigeminal pathway integrate direction and speed information across multiple whiskers. In the present work, we investigated speed and direction coding in the trigeminal brainstem nuclei, the first stage of neural processing that exhibits multi-whisker receptive fields. Specifically, we recorded both single-unit spikes and local field potentials from fifteen sites in spinal trigeminal nucleus interpolaris and oralis while systematically varying the speed and direction of coherent whisker deflections delivered across the whisker array. For 12/15 neurons, spike rate was higher when the whisker array was stimulated from caudal to rostral rather than rostral to caudal. In addition, 10/15 neurons exhibited higher firing rates for slower stimulus speeds. Interestingly, using a simple decoding strategy for the local field potentials and spike trains, classification of speed and direction was higher for field potentials than for single unit spike trains, suggesting that the field potential is a robust reflection of population activity. Taken together, these results point to the idea that population responses in these brainstem regions in the awake animal will be strongest during behaviors that stimulate a population of whiskers with a directionally coherent motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket S. Kaloti
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Erik C. Johnson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Chris S. Bresee
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Stephanie N. Naufel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Matthew G. Perich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Douglas L. Jones
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Illinois at Singapore Pte., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitra J. Z. Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Frangeul L, Porrero C, Garcia-Amado M, Maimone B, Maniglier M, Clascá F, Jabaudon D. Specific activation of the paralemniscal pathway during nociception. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 39:1455-64. [PMID: 24580836 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two main neuronal pathways connect facial whiskers to the somatosensory cortex in rodents: (i) the lemniscal pathway, which originates in the brainstem principal trigeminal nucleus and is relayed in the ventroposterior thalamic nucleus and (ii) the paralemniscal pathway, originating in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and relayed in the posterior thalamic nucleus. While lemniscal neurons are readily activated by whisker contacts, the contribution of paralemniscal neurons to perception is less clear. Here, we functionally investigated these pathways by manipulating input from the whisker pad in freely moving mice. We report that while lemniscal neurons readily respond to neonatal infraorbital nerve sectioning or whisker contacts in vivo, paralemniscal neurons do not detectably respond to these environmental changes. However, the paralemniscal pathway is specifically activated upon noxious stimulation of the whisker pad. These findings reveal a nociceptive function for paralemniscal neurons in vivo that may critically inform context-specific behaviour during environmental exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Frangeul
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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Kleinfeld D, Deschênes M. Neuronal basis for object location in the vibrissa scanning sensorimotor system. Neuron 2011; 72:455-68. [PMID: 22078505 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An essential issue in perception is how the location of an object is estimated from tactile signals in the context of self-generated changes in sensor configuration. Here, we review the pathways and dynamics of neuronal signals that encode touch in the rodent vibrissa sensorimotor system. Rodents rhythmically scan an array of long, facial hairs across a region of interest. Behavioral evidence shows that these animals maintain knowledge of the azimuthal position of their vibrissae. Electrophysiological measurements have identified a reafferent signal of the azimuth that is coded in normalized coordinates, broadcast throughout primary sensory cortex and provides strong modulation of signals of vibrissa contact. Efferent signals in motor cortex report the range of the scan. Collectively, these signals allow the rodent to form a percept of object location.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics and Section of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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