1
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Zupin L, Psilodimitrakopoulos S, Celsi F, Papadimitriou L, Ranella A, Crovella S, Ricci G, Stratakis E, Pascolo L. Upside-Down Preference in the Forskolin-Induced In Vitro Differentiation of 50B11 Sensory Neurons: A Morphological Investigation by Label-Free Non-Linear Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098354. [PMID: 37176061 PMCID: PMC10179713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we revealed a peculiar morphological feature of 50B11 nociceptive sensory neurons in in vitro culture related to the forskolin-induced differentiation of these cells growing upside-down on cover glass supports. Multi-photon non-linear microscopy was applied to monitor increased neurite arborization and elongation. Under live and unstained conditions, second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy could monitor microtubule organization inside the cells while also correlating with the detection of cellular multi-photon autofluorescence, probably derived from mitochondria metabolites. Although the differentiated cells of each compartment did not differ significantly in tubulin or multi-photon autofluorescence contents, the upturned neurons were more elongated, presenting a higher length/width cellular ratio and longer neurites, indicative of differentiated cells. SHG originating from the axons' microtubules represented a proper tool to study neurons' inverted culture in live conditions without exogenous staining. This work represents the first instance of examining neuronal cell lines growing and differentiated in an upside-down orientation, allowing a possible improvement of 50B11 as a model in physiology studies of sensory neurons in peripheric nervous system disease (e.g., Fabry disease, Friedreich ataxia, Charcot-Marie-Tooth, porphyria, type 1 diabetes, Guillain-Barré syndrome in children) and analgesic drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Zupin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sotiris Psilodimitrakopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Fulvio Celsi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lina Papadimitriou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Anthi Ranella
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Qatar, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Lorella Pascolo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
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2
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Yang S, Wu J, Xian X, Chen Q. Isolation, culture, and characterization of duck primary neurons. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102485. [PMID: 36689785 PMCID: PMC9876984 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The duck is a representative and good model for studying the development and physiological mechanisms of the nervous system (NS) in waterfowl. Neurons are the basic structural and functional units of NS, but there is no detailed method for cultured duck neurons in vitro. An efficient and simple method for duck neuron culture is reported in this study. First, the sfigpecific markers (NSE and GFAP, respectively) were used to explore the timing of the development of neurons and astrocytes during the duck embryonic stage (E5-E18). The cytomorphology of tissues and cells was tracked with the microscope at different time points. The brain tissues from 10-day-old duck embryos were determined as the optimal sampling embryo age for neuron culture. Then, the brain tissue isolation method (papain digestion) and cell suspension inoculation density (7 × 105 cells/mL) were identified as the culture protocol to obtain target cells with high viability and high density. The purity of the cultured neurons was more than 95%. This experiment provides a supplement for the study of in vitro culture of waterfowl neurons and lays a good foundation for various subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China.
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3
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Liu Y, Lu Y, Tang Z, Cao Y, Huang D, Wu F, Zhang Y, Li C, Chen G, Wang Q. Single-particle fluorescence tracking combined with TrackMate assay reveals highly heterogeneous and discontinuous lysosomal transport in freely orientated axons. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2200006. [PMID: 35765726 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Axonal transport plays a significant role in the establishment of neuronal polarity, axon growth, and synapse formation during neuronal development. The axon of a naturally growing neuron is a highly complex and multifurcated structure with a large number of bends and branches. Nowadays, the study of dynamic axonal transport in morphologically complex neurons is greatly limited by the technological barrier. Here, a sparse gene transfection strategy was developed to locate fluorescent mCherry in the lysosome of primary neurons, thus enabling us to track the lysosome-based axonal transport with a single-particle resolution. Thereby, several axonal transport models were observed, including the forward or backward transport model, stop-and-go model, repeated back-and-forth transport model, and cross-branch transport model. Then, the accurate single-particle velocity quantification by TrackMate revealed a highly heterogeneous and discontinuous transportation process of lysosome-based axonal transport in freely orientated axons. And, multiple physical factors, such as the axonal structure and the size of particles, were disclosed to affect the velocity of particle transporting in freely orientated axons. The combined single-particle fluorescence tracking and TrackMate assay can be served as a facile tool for evaluating axonal transport in neuronal development and axonal transport-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyang Liu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology, Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Lu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology, Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuheng Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology, Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dehua Huang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yejun Zhang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology, Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangcun Chen
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology, Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiangbin Wang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology, Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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King D, Skehel PA, Dando O, Emelianova K, Barron R, Wishart TM. Microarray profiling emphasizes transcriptomic differences between hippocampal in vivo tissue and in vitro cultures. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab152. [PMID: 34396110 PMCID: PMC8361418 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hippocampal cell cultures are routinely used as an experimentally accessible model platform for the hippocampus and brain tissue in general. Containing multiple cell types including neurons, astrocytes and microglia in a state that can be readily analysed optically, biochemically and electrophysiologically, such cultures have been used in many in vitro studies. To what extent the in vivo environment is recapitulated in primary cultures is an on-going question. Here, we compare the transcriptomic profiles of primary hippocampal cell cultures and intact hippocampal tissue. In addition, by comparing profiles from wild type and the PrP 101LL transgenic model of prion disease, we also demonstrate that gene conservation is predominantly conserved across genetically altered lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan King
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Paul A Skehel
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Owen Dando
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Katie Emelianova
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Rona Barron
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, UK
| | - Thomas M Wishart
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
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5
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Chen YJ, Huang YA, Ho CT, Yang JM, Chao JI, Li MC, Hwang E. A Nanodiamond-Based Surface Topography Downregulates the MicroRNA miR6236 to Enhance Neuronal Development and Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
| | - Yung-An Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
| | - Chris T. Ho
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
| | - Jinn-Moon Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
| | - Jui-I Chao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
| | - Ming-Chia Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
| | - Eric Hwang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
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6
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Huang Y, Ho CT, Lin Y, Lee C, Ho S, Li M, Hwang E. Nanoimprinted Anisotropic Topography Preferentially Guides Axons and Enhances Nerve Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800335. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐An Huang
- Department of Biological Science and TechnologyNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Chris T. Ho
- Department of Biological Science and TechnologyNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and BioengineeringNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and BioengineeringNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Chen‐Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Science and TechnologyNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Szu‐Mo Ho
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and BioengineeringNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Chia Li
- Department of Biological Science and TechnologyNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio‐devices (IDS2B)National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Eric Hwang
- Department of Biological Science and TechnologyNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and BioengineeringNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems BiologyNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio‐devices (IDS2B)National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
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7
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Zhong Y, Zhu Y, He T, Li W, Li Q, Miao Y. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor inhibits hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis and downregulation of synaptic plasticity-related proteins in hippocampal neurons via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:294-304. [PMID: 30365051 PMCID: PMC6257855 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It is not known whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protects hippocampal neurons from high glucose-induced apoptosis and/or synaptic plasticity dysfunction. The present study aimed to assess whether BDNF exerted a neuroprotective effect in rat hippocampal neurons exposed to high glucose and examine the underlying mechanisms. The apoptosis of primary hippocampal neurons was assessed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels were measured by reverse transcription- quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot experiments, respectively. Synaptic plasticity was evaluated by the immunolocalization of synaptophysin (Syn). Exposure of the hippocampal neurons to high glucose (75 mM for 72 h) resulted in cell apoptosis, decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of three synaptic plasticity-related proteins (Syn, Arc and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein), and changes in the cellular distribution of Syn, indicating loss of synaptic density. These effects of high glucose were partially or completely reversed by prior administration of BDNF (50 ng/ml for 24 h). Pre-treatment with wortmannin, a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, suppressed the ability of BDNF to inhibit the effects of high glucose. In addition, BDNF significantly upregulated the tropomyosin-related kinase B, its cognate receptor, Akt and phosphorylated Akt at the protein levels under high glucose conditions. In conclusion, high glucose induced apoptosis and downregulated synaptic plasticity-related proteins in hippocampal neurons. These effects were reversed by BDNF via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhong
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yitong Zhu
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Qinjie Li
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Ya Miao
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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8
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Chadly DM, Oleksijew AM, Coots KS, Fernandez JJ, Kobayashi S, Kessler JA, Matsuoka AJ. Full Factorial Microfluidic Designs and Devices for Parallelizing Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation. SLAS Technol 2018; 24:41-54. [PMID: 29995450 DOI: 10.1177/2472630318783497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are promising therapeutic tools for regenerative therapies and disease modeling. Differentiation of cultured hPSCs is influenced by both exogenous factors added to the cultures and endogenously secreted molecules. Optimization of protocols for the differentiation of hPSCs into different cell types is difficult because of the many variables that can influence cell fate. We present microfluidic devices designed to perform three- and four-factor, two-level full factorial experiments in parallel for investigating and directly optimizing hPSC differentiation. These devices feature diffusion-isolated, independent culture wells that allow for control of both exogenous and endogenous cellular signals and that allow for immunocytochemistry (ICC) and confocal microscopy in situ. These devices are fabricated by soft lithography in conjunction with 3D-printed molds and are operable with a single syringe pump, eliminating the need for specialized equipment or cleanroom facilities. Their utility was demonstrated by on-chip differentiation of hPSCs into the auditory neuron lineage. More broadly, these devices enable multiplexing for experimentation with any adherent cell type or even multiple cell types, allowing efficient investigation of the effects of medium conditions, pharmaceuticals, or other soluble reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan M Chadly
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew M Oleksijew
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kyle S Coots
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose J Fernandez
- 2 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Shun Kobayashi
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John A Kessler
- 3 Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Akihiro J Matsuoka
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,4 Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, School of Communication, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,5 Hugh Knowles Center for Hearing Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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9
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He RY, Chao SH, Tsai YJ, Lee CC, Yu CY, Gao HD, Huang YA, Hwang E, Lee HM, Huang JJT. Photocontrollable Probe Spatiotemporally Induces Neurotoxic Fibrillar Aggregates and Impairs Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6795-6807. [PMID: 28653830 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal assembly of misfolded proteins into neurotoxic aggregates is the hallmark associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we establish a photocontrollable platform to trigger amyloidogenesis to recapitulate the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by applying a chemically engineered probe as a "switch" in live cells. This probe is composed of an amyloidogenic peptide from TDP-43, a photolabile linker, a polycationic sequence both to mask amyloidogenicity and for cell penetration, and a fluorophore for visualization. The photocontrollable probe can self-assemble into a spherical vesicle but rapidly develops massive nanofibrils with amyloid properties upon photoactivation. The photoinduced in vitro fibrillization process is characterized by biophysical techniques. In cellular experiments, this cell-penetrable vesicle was retained in the cytoplasm, seeded the mislocalized endogenous TDP-43 into aggregates upon irradiation, and consequently initiated apoptosis. In addition, this photocontrollable vesicle interfered with nucleocytoplasmic protein transport and triggered cortical neuron degeneration. Our developed strategy provides in vitro and in vivo spatiotemporal control of neurotoxic fibrillar aggregate formation, which can be readily applied in the studies of protein misfolding, aggregation-induced protein mislocalization, and amyloid-induced pathogenesis in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Yu He
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Han Chao
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Tsai
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Lee
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Yi Yu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hua-De Gao
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yung-An Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Eric Hwang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ming Lee
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Joseph Jen-Tse Huang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University , Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
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10
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An efficient and cost-effective method of generating postnatal (P2-5) mouse primary hippocampal neuronal cultures. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 286:69-77. [PMID: 28546101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary culture of postnatal central neurons is a widely used methodology for applications such as the investigation of neuronal development, protein trafficking/distribution and cellular signalling. However, successful production and maintenance of such cultures, particularly from postnatal animals, can be challenging. In attempting to surmount these difficulties, several disparate culturing methodologies have been developed. Such methodologies are centred on the identification and optimisation of critical steps and, as such, the protocols and reagents utilised can differ quite markedly from protocol to protocol, often with the suggestion that the use of a (usually expensive) proprietary reagent(s), lengthy substrate preparation and/or cell isolation techniques is/are necessary for successful culture preparation. NEW METHOD Herein, we present a simple and inexpensive protocol for the preparation of primary hippocampal neurons from postnatal (2-5 day old) mice, which remain viable for experimental use for over one month. RESULTS Neurons cultured using this method follow well established developmental norms and display typical responses to standard physiological stimuli such as depolarisation and certain pharmacological agents. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS/CONCLUSION By using a novel trituration technique, simplified methodology and non-proprietary reagents, we have developed a reliable protocol that enables the cost effective and efficient production of high quality postnatal mouse hippocampal cultures. This method, if required, can also be utilised to prepare neurons both from other regions of the brain as well as from other species such as rat.
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11
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Protocol for culturing low density pure rat hippocampal neurons supported by mature mixed neuron cultures. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 277:38-45. [PMID: 27956052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND primary hippocampal neuron cultures allow for subcellular morphological dissection, easy access to drug treatment and electrophysiology analysis of individual neurons, and is therefore an ideal model for the study of neuron physiology. While neuron and glia mixed cultures are relatively easy to prepare, pure neurons are particular hard to culture at low densities which are suitable for morphology studies. This may be due to a lack of neurotrophic factors such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3) and Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). NEW METHOD In this study we used a two step protocol in which neuron-glia mixed cultures were initially prepared for maturation to support the growth of young neurons plated at very low densities. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Our protocol showed that neurotrophic support resulted in physiologically functional hippocampal neurons with larger cell body, increased neurite length and decreased branching and complexity compared to cultures prepared using a conventional method. CONCLUSION Our protocol provides a novel way to culture highly uniformed hippocampal neurons for acquiring high quality, neuron based data.
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12
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Long-term primary culture of neurons taken from chick embryo brain: A model to study neural cell biology, synaptogenesis and its dynamic properties. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 263:123-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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The effect of fluorescent nanodiamonds on neuronal survival and morphogenesis. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6919. [PMID: 25370150 PMCID: PMC4220284 DOI: 10.1038/srep06919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanodiamond (ND) has emerged as a promising carbon nanomaterial for therapeutic applications. In previous studies, ND has been reported to have outstanding biocompatibility and high uptake rate in various cell types. ND containing nitrogen-vacancy centers exhibit fluorescence property is called fluorescent nanodiamond (FND), and has been applied for bio-labeling agent. However, the influence and application of FND on the nervous system remain elusive. In order to study the compatibility of FND on the nervous system, neurons treated with FNDs in vitro and in vivo were examined. FND did not induce cytotoxicity in primary neurons from either central (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS); neither did intracranial injection of FND affect animal behavior. The neuronal uptake of FNDs was confirmed using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. However, FND caused a concentration-dependent decrease in neurite length in both CNS and PNS neurons. Time-lapse live cell imaging showed that the reduction of neurite length was due to the spatial hindrance of FND on advancing axonal growth cone. These findings demonstrate that FNDs exhibit low neuronal toxicity but interfere with neuronal morphogenesis, and should be taken into consideration when applications involve actively growing neurites (e.g. nerve regeneration).
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Kaiser O, Aliuos P, Wissel K, Lenarz T, Werner D, Reuter G, Kral A, Warnecke A. Dissociated neurons and glial cells derived from rat inferior colliculi after digestion with papain. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80490. [PMID: 24349001 PMCID: PMC3861243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of gliosis around implant electrodes for deep brain stimulation impairs electrode–tissue interaction. Unspecific growth of glial tissue around the electrodes can be hindered by altering physicochemical material properties. However, in vitro screening of neural tissue–material interaction requires an adequate cell culture system. No adequate model for cells dissociated from the inferior colliculus (IC) has been described and was thus the aim of this study. Therefore, IC were isolated from neonatal rats (P3_5) and a dissociated cell culture was established. In screening experiments using four dissociation methods (Neural Tissue Dissociation Kit [NTDK] T, NTDK P; NTDK PN, and a validated protocol for the dissociation of spiral ganglion neurons [SGN]), the optimal media, and seeding densities were identified. Thereafter, a dissociation protocol containing only the proteolytic enzymes of interest (trypsin or papain) was tested. For analysis, cells were fixed and immunolabeled using glial- and neuron-specific antibodies. Adhesion and survival of dissociated neurons and glial cells isolated from the IC were demonstrated in all experimental settings. Hence, preservation of type-specific cytoarchitecture with sufficient neuronal networks only occurred in cultures dissociated with NTDK P, NTDK PN, and fresh prepared papain solution. However, cultures obtained after dissociation with papain, seeded at a density of 2×104 cells/well and cultivated with Neuro Medium for 6 days reliably revealed the highest neuronal yield with excellent cytoarchitecture of neurons and glial cells. The herein described dissociated culture can be utilized as in vitro model to screen interactions between cells of the IC and surface modifications of the electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odett Kaiser
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pooyan Aliuos
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kirsten Wissel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Darja Werner
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Günter Reuter
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrej Kral
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Huang YA, Kao JW, Tseng DTH, Chen WS, Chiang MH, Hwang E. Microtubule-associated type II protein kinase A is important for neurite elongation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73890. [PMID: 23967353 PMCID: PMC3742546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuritogenesis is a process through which neurons generate their widespread axon and dendrites. The microtubule cytoskeleton plays crucial roles throughout neuritogenesis. Our previous study indicated that the amount of type II protein kinase A (PKA) on microtubules significantly increased upon neuronal differentiation and neuritogenesis. While the overall pool of PKA has been shown to participate in various neuronal processes, the function of microtubule-associated PKA during neuritogenesis remains largely unknown. First, we showed that PKA localized to microtubule-based region in different neurons. Since PKA is essential for various cellular functions, globally inhibiting PKA activity will causes a wide variety of phenotypes in neurons. To examine the function of microtubule-associated PKA without changing the total PKA level, we utilized the neuron-specific PKA anchoring protein MAP2. Overexpressing the dominant negative MAP2 construct that binds to type II PKA but cannot bind to the microtubule cytoskeleton in dissociated hippocampal neurons removed PKA from microtubules and resulted in compromised neurite elongation. In addition, we demonstrated that the association of PKA with microtubules can also enhance cell protrusion using the non-neuronal P19 cells. Overexpressing a MAP2 deletion construct which does not target PKA to the microtubule cytoskeleton caused non-neuronal cells to generate shorter cell protrusions than control cells overexpressing wild-type MAP2 that anchors PKA to microtubules. Finally, we demonstrated that the ability of microtubule-associated PKA to promote protrusion elongation was independent of MAP2 phosphorylation. This suggests other proteins in close proximity to the microtubule cytoskeleton are involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-An Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Wei Kao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Dion Tzu-Huan Tseng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shin Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center for Bioinformatics Research, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Chiang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Eric Hwang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center for Bioinformatics Research, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Lee TY, Chen WS, Huang YA, Liu TW, Hwang E, Tseng CP. Application of aurintricarboxylic acid for the adherence of mouse P19 neurons and primary hippocampal neurons to noncoated surface in serum-free culture. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:1566-74. [PMID: 23011767 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dissociated primary neuron culture has been the most widely used model systems for neuroscience research. Most of these primary neurons are cultured on adhesion matrix-coated surface to provide a proper environment for cell anchorage under serum-free conditions. In this study, we provide an alternative technique to promote the adhesions of these neurons using aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), a nonpeptide compound, without surface manipulations. We first demonstrated that ATA could promote Chinese hamster ovary cell attachment and proliferation in serum-free medium in a dosage-dependent manner. We later showed that ATA significantly enhanced the attachment of the retinoic acid differentiated P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma (P19) neurons, with an optimal concentration around 30 μg/mL. A similar result was seen in primary hippocampal neurons, with an optimal ATA concentration around 15 μg/mL. Further morphological assessments revealed that the average neurite length and neuronal polarization were almost identical to that obtained using a conventional method with poly-L-lysine surface. The advantages of using the ATA treatment technique for immunochemical analysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yih Lee
- Dept. of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Abstract
The study explored a modified primary culture system for fetal rat cortical neurons. Day E18 embryos from pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were microdissected under a stereoscope. To minimize enzymatic damage to the cultured neurons, we applied a sequential digestion protocol using papain and Dnase I. The resulting sifted cell suspension was seeded at a density of 50,000 cells per cm2 onto 0.1 mg/mL L-PLL-covered vessels. After a four-hour incubation in high-glucose Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (HG-DMEM) to allow the neurons to adhere, the media was changed to neurobasal medium that was refreshed by changing half of the volume after three days followed by a complete medium change every week. The cells displayed progressively robust neurite extension, and nonneuronal-like cells could barely be detected by five days in vitro (DIV); cell growth was still substantial at 14 DIV. Neurons were identified by β-tubulin III immunofluorescence, and neuronal purity within the cultures was assessed at over 95% by both flow cytometry and by dark-field counting of β-tubulin III-positive cells. These results suggest that the protocol was successful and that the high purity of neurons in this system could be used as the basis for generating various cell models of neurological disease.
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