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Buffon AC, Salm DC, Heymanns AC, Donatello NN, Martins DC, Wichmann JF, Giacomello L, Horewicz VV, Martins DF, Piovezan AP. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I: Evidence for the CB1 and CB2 Receptors Immunocontent and Beneficial Effect of Local Administration of Cannabidiol in Mice. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023. [PMID: 37903029 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I) is a debilitating neuropathic painful condition associated with allodynia, hyperalgesia, sudomotor and/or vasomotor dysfunctions, turning investigation of its pathophysiology and new therapeutic strategies into an essential topic. We aim to investigate the impact of ischemia/reperfusion injury on the immunocontent of CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptor isoforms in the paws of mice submitted to a chronic postischemia pain (CPIP) model and the effects of local administration of cannabidiol (CBD) on mechanical hyperalgesia. Methods: Female Swiss mice, 30-35 g, were submitted to the CPIP model on the right hind paw. Skin and muscle samples were removed at different periods for western blot analysis. Results: No changes in the immunocontent of CB1 and CB2 receptors in paw muscle tissues after ischemia-reperfusion were observed. CBD promoted an antihyperalgesic effect in both phases. AM281 reversed the effect of CBD, whereas ruthenium red abolished the late phase. Conclusion: Our results point to the possible beneficial effects of local administration of CBD in modulating CRPS-I in humans. As possible targets for CBD antihyperalgesia in this model, the contribution of cannabinoid receptor CB1, in addition to TRPM8 is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre C Buffon
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroscience (LANEX), University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Medicine Degree Course, University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daiana C Salm
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroscience (LANEX), University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana C Heymanns
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroscience (LANEX), University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nathalia N Donatello
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroscience (LANEX), University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Débora C Martins
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroscience (LANEX), University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Medicine Degree Course, University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Giacomello
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroscience (LANEX), University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Verônica V Horewicz
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroscience (LANEX), University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniel F Martins
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroscience (LANEX), University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Anna P Piovezan
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroscience (LANEX), University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Medicine Degree Course, University of Southern Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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2
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Ghorbanzadeh H, Mohebkhodaei P, Nematizadeh M, Rahimi N, Rafeiean M, Ghasemi M, Dehpour AR. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of modafinil in a mouse model of neuropathic pain: A role for nitrergic and serotonergic pathways. Neurol Res 2021; 44:390-402. [PMID: 34706635 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1992102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of modafinil on neuropathic pain induced by sciatic nerve cuffing in mice, and possible contribution of nitrergic/inflammatory and serotonergic systems. METHODS Neuropathic pain was induced by applying a polyethylene cuff around the left sciatic nerve. Seven days later, mice received modafinil (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg; intraperitoneal [i.p.]) and morphine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) as control. Mice also received pretreatments of the nonselective nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME, the selective neuronal NOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole, the selective inducible NOS inhibitor aminoguanidine, and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram before modafinil (100 mg/kg). von Frey test was used to evaluate mechanical allodynia. Additionally, sciatic nerves were collected for histopathological analysis. Tissue levels of NO metabolites, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 were assessed. RESULTS Animals whose sciatic nerves were cuffed had a significantly (P<0.001) decreased paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) compared with the sham-operated group. Modafinil (100 mg/kg) and morphine significantly reversed PWT (P<0.001). Pretreatments with L-NAME, 7-nitroindazole, aminoguanidine, and citalopram in different groups markedly reversed analgesic effects of modafinil. Tissue homogenates of Cuffed sciatic nerves showed significantly higher levels of NO metabolites, TNF-α and IL-6 (P<0.001). Modafinil lowered NO metabolites, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels (P<0.001). Histopathology illustrated marked axonal degeneration and shrinkage in the cuffed sciatic nerve, which were improved in the modafinil-treated group. CONCLUSIONS Modafinil exerts analgesic and neuroprotective effects in cuff-induced neuropathic mice via possible involvement of the nitrergic/inflammatory and serotonergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ghorbanzadeh
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Mohebkhodaei
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Nematizadeh
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Rahimi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rafeiean
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ahmad R Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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López-Valverde N, López-Valverde A, Gómez de Diego R, Cieza-Borrella C, Ramírez JM, González-Sarmiento R. Genetic study in patients operated dentally and anesthetized with articaine-epinephrine. J Pain Res 2019; 12:1371-1384. [PMID: 31118755 PMCID: PMC6499144 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s193745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: In this study we wanted to figure out if there was a correlation between OPRM1 N40D, TRPV1 I316M, TRPV1 I585V, NOS3 −786T>C and IL6 −174C>G polymorphisms and the response to locally applied articaine-epinephrine anesthetic. Methods: In this observational study, 114 oral cell samples of patients anesthetized with articaine-epinephrine (54 from men 60 from women), were collected from dental centers in Madrid (Spain). High molecular weight DNA was obtained from oral mucosa cells. The analysis of OPRM1 N40D (rs1799971), TRPV1 I316M (rs222747), TRPV1 I585V (rs8065080) and IL6 −174C>G polymorphism was performed through real-time PCR allelic discrimination using TaqMan probes. Polymorphism NOS3 −786T> C (rs2070744) was analyzed using RFLP-PCR. Results: The studied polymorphisms are involved neither in the response to the anesthetic, nor in the intensity of perceived dental pain. However, in a subset of female patients we found that TRPV1 I316M was associated with a delayed onset of anesthesia. Conclusions: There is no association among these polymorphisms and the time elapsed between the application of the anesthetic and the onset of its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nansi López-Valverde
- Dental Clinic, Department of Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Valverde
- Dental Clinic, Department of Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Clara Cieza-Borrella
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan M Ramírez
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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Biomarkers mapping of neuropathic pain in a nerve chronic constriction injury mice model. Biochimie 2019; 158:172-179. [PMID: 30639439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system and has a considerable impact on the quality of life. Neuropathic pain has a dynamic and complex aetiology and gives heterogeneous symptoms across patients; therefore, it represents an important clinical challenge. Current pharmacological treatment includes tricyclic antidepressant serotonin-noradrenaline uptake inhibitors such as duloxetine, pregabalin, and gabapentin. However, these drugs do not show efficacy in all patients suffering from neuropathic pain. In this work we used a nerve chronic constriction injury mice model based on the ligation of sciatic nerve to analyse, by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, blood proteins significantly altered by neuropathic pain one-week after surgery. A sham-ligated group of mice acting as control and a group of ligated mice treated with gabapentin were also analysed. The results indicated that four haptoglobin isoforms were significantly more expressed, while transthyretin and alpha-2-macroglobulin expression decreased in the serum of the murine neuropathic pain model with respect to the control mice. Interestingly, the treatment with the gabapentin reversed these conditions. The outcomes of this study can provide a further understanding of the pathophysiological meaning of the biomarkers involved in neuropathic pain.
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5
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Manzhulo IV, Ogurtsova OS, Tyrtyshnaia AA, Dyuizen IV. Neuro-microglial interactions in the spinal centers of pain modulation in the neuropathic pain syndrome. NEUROCHEM J+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712417010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Grace PM, Gaudet AD, Staikopoulos V, Maier SF, Hutchinson MR, Salvemini D, Watkins LR. Nitroxidative Signaling Mechanisms in Pathological Pain. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:862-879. [PMID: 27842920 PMCID: PMC5148691 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue injury can initiate bidirectional signaling between neurons, glia, and immune cells that creates and amplifies pain. While the ability for neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and cytokines to initiate and maintain pain has been extensively studied, recent work has identified a key role for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS; nitroxidative species), including superoxide, peroxynitrite, and hydrogen peroxide. In this review we describe how nitroxidative species are generated after tissue injury and the mechanisms by which they enhance neuroexcitability in pain pathways. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for normalizing nitroxidative signaling, which may also enhance opioid analgesia, to help to alleviate the enormous burden of pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Grace
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Current address: Department of Critical Care Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Andrew D Gaudet
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Vasiliki Staikopoulos
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, and the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, and the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Linda R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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Manzhulo IV, Ogurtsova OS, Kipryushina YO, Latyshev NA, Kasyanov SP, Dyuizen IV, Tyrtyshnaia AA. Neuron-astrocyte interactions in spinal cord dorsal horn in neuropathic pain development and docosahexaenoic acid therapy. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 298:90-7. [PMID: 27609281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The analgesic activity of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) was studied using a chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model. Animals were subcutaneously injected with DHA emulsion at a dose of 4.5mg/kg (125mМ/kg) daily during 2weeks after surgery. We characterized the dynamics of GFAP-positive astrocyte, substance P (SP) and nNOS-positive neurons activity in the spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) superficial lamina. We found that DHA treatment decrease the intensity and duration of neurogenic pain syndrome, results in earlier stabilization of weight distribution, prevents the cold allodynia and dystrophic changings in denervated limb tissue. DHA treatment reduced the reactive astrocyte number, decrease SP-immunopositive fibers and nNOS-positive neurons number in the SCDH in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Manzhulo
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 17 Palchevskii Str., 690041, Russia; School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 8 Sukhanova Str., 690950, Russia.
| | - Olga S Ogurtsova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 17 Palchevskii Str., 690041, Russia
| | - Yuliya O Kipryushina
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 17 Palchevskii Str., 690041, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Latyshev
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 17 Palchevskii Str., 690041, Russia
| | - Sergey P Kasyanov
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 17 Palchevskii Str., 690041, Russia
| | - Inessa V Dyuizen
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 17 Palchevskii Str., 690041, Russia
| | - Anna A Tyrtyshnaia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 17 Palchevskii Str., 690041, Russia; School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 8 Sukhanova Str., 690950, Russia
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8
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Malafoglia V, Traversetti L, Del Grosso F, Scalici M, Lauro F, Russo V, Persichini T, Salvemini D, Mollace V, Fini M, Raffaeli W, Muscoli C, Colasanti M. Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-3 (TRPM3) Mediates Nociceptive-Like Responses in Hydra vulgaris. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151386. [PMID: 26974325 PMCID: PMC4790967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of mammals to feel noxious stimuli lies in a heterogeneous group of primary somatosensory neurons termed nociceptors, which express specific membrane receptors, such as the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family. Here, we show that one of the most important nociceptive-like pathways is conserved in the freshwater coelenterate Hydra vulgaris, the most primitive organism possessing a nervous system. In particular, we found that H. vulgaris expresses TRPM3, a nociceptor calcium channel involved in the detection of noxious heat in mammals. Furthermore, we detected that both heat shock and TRPM3 specific agonist (i.e., pregnenolone sulfate) induce the modulation of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and the nitric oxide synthase (NOS), two genes activated by TRP-mediated heat painful stimuli in mammals. As expected, these effects are inhibited by a TRPM3 antagonist (i.e., mefenamic acid). Interestingly, the TRPM3 agonist and heat shock also induce the expression of nuclear transcription erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), known markers of oxidative stress; noteworthy gene expression was also inhibited by the TRPM3 antagonist. As a whole, our results demonstrate the presence of conserved molecular oxidative/nociceptive-like pathways at the primordial level of the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Malafoglia
- Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Research on Pain, ISAL-Foundation, Torre Pedrera (RN), Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Valeria Russo
- Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States of America
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH, Department of Health Science, University of ‘Magna Graecia’, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - William Raffaeli
- Institute for Research on Pain, ISAL-Foundation, Torre Pedrera (RN), Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- IRC-FSH, Department of Health Science, University of ‘Magna Graecia’, Catanzaro, Italy
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9
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Huang SH, Wu SH, Lee SS, Chang KP, Chai CY, Yeh JL, Lin SD, Kwan AL, David Wang HM, Lai CS. Fat Grafting in Burn Scar Alleviates Neuropathic Pain via Anti-Inflammation Effect in Scar and Spinal Cord. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137563. [PMID: 26368011 PMCID: PMC4569053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn-induced neuropathic pain is complex, and fat grafting has reportedly improved neuropathic pain. However, the mechanism of fat grafting in improving neuropathic pain is unclear. Previous investigations have found that neuroinflammation causes neuropathic pain, and anti-inflammatory targeting may provide potential therapeutic opportunities in neuropathic pain. We hypothesized that fat grafting in burn scars improves the neuropathic pain through anti-inflammation. Burn-induced scar pain was confirmed using a mechanical response test 4 weeks after burn injuries, and autologous fat grafting in the scar area was performed simultaneously. After 4 weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and specimens were collected for the inflammation test, including COX-2, iNOS, and nNOS in the injured skin and spinal cord dorsal horns through immunohistochemistry and Western assays. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 β and TNF-α) in the spinal cord were collected. Double immunofluorescent staining images for measuring p-IκB, p-NFκB, p-JNK, and TUNEL as well as Western blots of AKT, Bax/Bcl-2 for the inflammatory process, and apoptosis were analyzed. Fat grafting significantly reduced COX2, nNOS, and iNOS in the skin and spinal cord dorsal horns, as well as IL-1β and TNF-α, compared with the burn group. Moreover, regarding the anti-inflammatory effect, the apoptosis cells in the spinal cord significantly decreased after the fat grafting in the burn injury group. Fat grafting was effective in treating burn-induced neuropathic pain through the alleviation of neuroinflammation and ameliorated spinal neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hua Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesia, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Su-Shin Lee
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Ping Chang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Daw Lin
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (H-MDW); (C-SL)
| | - Chung-Sheng Lai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (H-MDW); (C-SL)
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Schmidtko A. Nitric oxide-mediated pain processing in the spinal cord. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 227:103-17. [PMID: 25846616 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-46450-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the processing of persistent inflammatory and neuropathic pain in the spinal cord. Several animal studies revealed that inhibition or knockout of NO synthesis ameliorates persistent pain. However, spinal delivery of NO donors caused dual pronociceptive and antinociceptive effects, pointing to multiple downstream signaling mechanisms of NO. This review summarizes the localization and function of NO-dependent signaling mechanisms in the spinal cord, taking account of the recent progress made in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schmidtko
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Witten/Herdecke, ZBAF, Stockumer Str. 10, 58453, Witten, Germany,
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Jobling P, O'Hara K, Hua S. Female reproductive tract pain: targets, challenges, and outcomes. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:17. [PMID: 24592238 PMCID: PMC3923189 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain from the female reproductive tract (FRT) is a significant clinical problem for which there are few effective therapies. The complex neuroanatomy of pelvic organs not only makes diagnosis of pelvic pain disorders difficult but represents a challenge to development of targeted therapies. A number of potential therapeutic targets have been identified on sensory neurons supplying the FRT but our knowledge on the basic neurophysiology of these neurons is limited compared with other viscera. Until this is addressed we can only guess if the new experimental therapies proposed for somatic, gastrointestinal, or bladder pain will translate to the FRT. Once suitable therapeutic targets become clear, the next challenge is drug delivery. The FRT represents a promising system for topical drug delivery that could be tailored to act locally or systemically depending on formulation. Development of these therapies and their delivery systems will need to be done in concert with more robust in vivo and in vitro models of FRT pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Jobling
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia
| | - Kate O'Hara
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia
| | - Susan Hua
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia
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