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Saeedi A, Wang K, Nikpourian G, Bartels A, Logothetis NK, Totah NK, Watanabe M. Brightness illusions drive a neuronal response in the primary visual cortex under top-down modulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3141. [PMID: 38653975 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Brightness illusions are a powerful tool in studying vision, yet their neural correlates are poorly understood. Based on a human paradigm, we presented illusory drifting gratings to mice. Primary visual cortex (V1) neurons responded to illusory gratings, matching their direction selectivity for real gratings, and they tracked the spatial phase offset between illusory and real gratings. Illusion responses were delayed compared to real gratings, in line with the theory that processing illusions requires feedback from higher visual areas (HVAs). We provide support for this theory by showing a reduced V1 response to illusions, but not real gratings, following HVAs optogenetic inhibition. Finally, we used the pupil response (PR) as an indirect perceptual report and showed that the mouse PR matches the human PR to perceived luminance changes. Our findings resolve debates over whether V1 neurons are involved in processing illusions and highlight the involvement of feedback from HVAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Saeedi
- Department of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Research Group Neurobiology of Magnetoreception, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior - caesar, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, International Center for Primate Brain Research, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Ghazaleh Nikpourian
- Department of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Bartels
- Department of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Vision and Cognition Lab, Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nikos K Logothetis
- Department of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, International Center for Primate Brain Research, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M139PT, UK
| | - Nelson K Totah
- Department of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HILIFE), University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Masataka Watanabe
- Department of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Hwang YS, Maclachlan C, Blanc J, Dubois A, Petersen CCH, Knott G, Lee SH. 3D Ultrastructure of Synaptic Inputs to Distinct GABAergic Neurons in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:2610-2624. [PMID: 33350443 PMCID: PMC8023854 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are the fundamental elements of the brain’s complicated neural networks. Although the ultrastructure of synapses has been extensively studied, the difference in how synaptic inputs are organized onto distinct neuronal types is not yet fully understood. Here, we examined the cell-type-specific ultrastructure of proximal processes from the soma of parvalbumin-positive (PV+) and somatostatin-positive (SST+) GABAergic neurons in comparison with a pyramidal neuron in the mouse primary visual cortex (V1), using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. Interestingly, each type of neuron organizes excitatory and inhibitory synapses in a unique way. First, we found that a subset of SST+ neurons are spiny, having spines on both soma and dendrites. Each of those spines has a highly complicated structure that has up to eight synaptic inputs. Next, the PV+ and SST+ neurons receive more robust excitatory inputs to their perisoma than does the pyramidal neuron. Notably, excitatory synapses on GABAergic neurons were often multiple-synapse boutons, making another synapse on distal dendrites. On the other hand, inhibitory synapses near the soma were often single-targeting multiple boutons. Collectively, our data demonstrate that synaptic inputs near the soma are differentially organized across cell types and form a network that balances inhibition and excitation in the V1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Sun Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Catherine Maclachlan
- Biological Electron Microscopy Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Blanc
- Biological Electron Microscopy Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Anaëlle Dubois
- Biological Electron Microscopy Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Carl C H Petersen
- Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Graham Knott
- Biological Electron Microscopy Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Seung-Hee Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Oprisan SA, Clementsmith X, Tompa T, Lavin A. Dopamine receptor antagonists effects on low-dimensional attractors of local field potentials in optogenetic mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223469. [PMID: 31618234 PMCID: PMC6795423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of acute cocaine injection or dopamine (DA) receptor antagonists on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) gamma oscillations and their relationship to short term neuroadaptation that may mediate addiction. For this purpose, optogenetically evoked local field potentials (LFPs) in response to a brief 10 ms laser light pulse were recorded from 17 mice. D1-like receptor antagonist SCH 23390 or D2-like receptor antagonist sulpiride, or both, were administered either before or after cocaine. A Euclidian distance-based dendrogram classifier separated the 100 trials for each animal in disjoint clusters. When baseline and DA receptor antagonists trials were combined in a single trial, a minimum of 20% overlap occurred in some dendrogram clusters, which suggests a possible common, invariant, dynamic mechanism shared by both baseline and DA receptor antagonists data. The delay-embedding method of neural activity reconstruction was performed using the correlation time and mutual information to determine the lag/correlation time of LFPs and false nearest neighbors to determine the embedding dimension. We found that DA receptor antagonists applied before cocaine cancels out the effect of cocaine and leaves the lag time distributions at baseline values. On the other hand, cocaine applied after DA receptor antagonists shifts the lag time distributions to longer durations, i.e. increase the correlation time of LFPs. Fourier analysis showed that a reasonable accurate decomposition of the LFP data can be obtained with a relatively small (less than ten) Fourier coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorinel A. Oprisan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Xandre Clementsmith
- Department of Computer Science, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Tamas Tompa
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- Faculty of Healthcare, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Antonieta Lavin
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
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Slankster E, Odell SR, Mathew D. Strength in diversity: functional diversity among olfactory neurons of the same type. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2019; 51:65-75. [PMID: 30604088 PMCID: PMC6382560 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Most animals depend upon olfaction to find food, mates, and to avoid predators. An animal's olfactory circuit helps it sense its olfactory environment and generate critical behavioral responses. The general architecture of the olfactory circuit, which is conserved across species, is made up of a few different neuronal types including first-order receptor neurons, second- and third-order neurons, and local interneurons. Each neuronal type differs in their morphology, physiology, and neurochemistry. However, several recent studies have suggested that there is intrinsic diversity even among neurons of the same type and that this diversity is important for neural function. In this review, we first examine instances of intrinsic diversity observed among individual types of olfactory neurons. Next, we review potential genetic and experience-based plasticity mechanisms that underlie this diversity. Finally, we consider the implications of intrinsic neuronal diversity for circuit function. Overall, we hope to highlight the importance of intrinsic diversity as a previously underestimated property of circuit function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryn Slankster
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., MS: 0314, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Seth R Odell
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., MS: 0314, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
- Integrated Neuroscience Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Dennis Mathew
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., MS: 0314, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
- Integrated Neuroscience Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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Koizumi K, Inoue M, Chowdhury S, Bito H, Yamanaka A, Ishizuka T, Yawo H. Functional emergence of a column-like architecture in layer 5 of mouse somatosensory cortex in vivo. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:65-77. [PMID: 29761270 PMCID: PMC10716991 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-018-0618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To investigate how the functional architecture is organized in layer 5 (L5) of the somatosensory cortex of a mouse in vivo, the input-output relationship was investigated using an all-optical approach. The neural activity in L5 was optically recorded using a Ca2+ sensor, R-CaMP2, through a microprism inserted in the cortex under two-photon microscopy, while the L5 was regionally excited using optogenetics. The excitability was spread around the blue-light irradiated region, but the horizontal propagation was limited to within a certain distance (λ < 130 μm from the center of the illumination spot). When two regions were photostimulated with a short interval, the excitability of each cluster was reduced. Therefore, a column-like architecture had functionally emerged with reciprocal inhibition through a minimal number of synaptic relays. This could generate a synchronous output from a region of L5 with simultaneous enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio by silencing of the neighboring regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Koizumi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Inoue
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Srikanta Chowdhury
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Bito
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toru Ishizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hiromu Yawo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
- Center for Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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Oprisan SA, Imperatore J, Helms J, Tompa T, Lavin A. Cocaine-Induced Changes in Low-Dimensional Attractors of Local Field Potentials in Optogenetic Mice. Front Comput Neurosci 2018; 12:2. [PMID: 29445337 PMCID: PMC5797774 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetically evoked local field potential (LFP) recorded from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of mice during basal conditions and following a systemic cocaine administration were analyzed. Blue light stimuli were delivered to mPFC through a fiber optic every 2 s and each trial was repeated 100 times. As in the previous study, we used a surrogate data method to check that nonlinearity was present in the experimental LFPs and only used the last 1.5 s of steady activity to measure the LFPs phase resetting induced by the brief 10 ms light stimulus. We found that the steady dynamics of the mPFC in response to light stimuli could be reconstructed in a three-dimensional phase space with topologically similar "8"-shaped attractors across different animals. Therefore, cocaine did not change the complexity of the recorded nonlinear data compared to the control case. The phase space of the reconstructed attractor is determined by the LFP time series and its temporally shifted versions by a multiple of some lag time. We also compared the change in the attractor shape between cocaine-injected and control using (1) dendrogram clustering and (2) Frechet distance. We found about 20% overlap between control and cocaine trials when classified using dendrogram method, which suggest that it may be possible to describe mathematically both data sets with the same model and slightly different model parameters. We also found that the lag times are about three times shorter for cocaine trials compared to control. As a result, although the phase space trajectories for control and cocaine may look similar, their dynamics is significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorinel A Oprisan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Julia Imperatore
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jessica Helms
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Tamas Tompa
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Healthcare, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Antonieta Lavin
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Takahashi H, Matsuda K, Tabuchi K, Ko J. Central synapse, neural circuit, and brain function. Neurosci Res 2017; 116:1-2. [PMID: 28364859 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Takahashi
- Synapse Development and Plasticity, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1R7, Canada.
| | - Keiko Matsuda
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tabuchi
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
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