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Qiu G, Wang P, Rao J, Qing X, Cao C, Wang D, Mei B, Zhang J, Liu H, Yang Z, Liu X. Dexmedetomidine Inhibits Paraventricular Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Neurons that Attenuate Acute Stress-induced Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice. Anesthesiology 2024; 140:1134-1152. [PMID: 38498811 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine has repeatedly shown to improve anxiety, but the precise neural mechanisms underlying this effect remain incompletely understood. This study aims to explore the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone-producing hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (CRHPVN) neurons in mediating the anxiolytic effects of dexmedetomidine. METHODS A social defeat stress mouse model was used to evaluate the anxiolytic effects induced by dexmedetomidine through the elevated plus maze, open-field test, and measurement of serum stress hormone levels. In vivo Ca2+ signal fiber photometry and ex vivo patch-clamp recordings were used to determine the excitability of CRHPVN neurons and investigate the specific mechanism involved. CRHPVN neuron modulation was achieved through chemogenetic activation or inhibition. RESULTS Compared with saline, dexmedetomidine (40 µg/kg) alleviated anxiety-like behaviors. Additionally, dexmedetomidine reduced CRHPVN neuronal excitability. Chemogenetic activation of CRHPVN neurons decreased the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze and in the central area of the open-field test. Conversely, chemogenetic inhibition of CRHPVN neurons had the opposite effect. Moreover, the suppressive impact of dexmedetomidine on CRHPVN neurons was attenuated by the α2-receptor antagonist yohimbine. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the anxiety-like effects of dexmedetomidine are mediated via α2-adrenergic receptor-triggered inhibition of CRHPVN neuronal excitability in the hypothalamus. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaolin Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin Rao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Qing
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chenchen Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dijia Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiqian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhilai Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuesheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Feng H, Hu X, Lin Y, Xiao J, Dai C, Hu Z, Feng H, Qin J, Chen L. Dexmedetomidine attenuates acute stress-impaired learning and memory in mice by maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal flora. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:271. [PMID: 38711117 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been used in surgery to improve patients' postoperative cognitive function. However, the role of Dex in stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive impairment is still unclear. In this study, we tested the role of Dex in anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairment induced by acute restrictive stress and analyzed the alterations of the intestinal flora to explore the possible mechanism. Behavioral and cognitive tests, including open field test, elevated plus-maze test, novel object recognition test, and Barnes maze test, were performed. Intestinal gut Microbe 16S rRNA sequencing was analyzed. We found that intraperitoneal injection of Dex significantly improved acute restrictive stress-induced anxiety-like behavior, recognition, and memory impairment. After habituation in the environment, mice (male, 8 weeks, 18-23 g) were randomly divided into a control group (control, N = 10), dexmedetomidine group (Dex, N = 10), AS with normal saline group (AS + NS, N = 10) and AS with dexmedetomidine group (AS + Dex, N = 10). By the analysis of intestinal flora, we found that acute stress caused intestinal flora disorder in mice. Dex intervention changed the composition of the intestinal flora of acute stress mice, stabilized the ecology of the intestinal flora, and significantly increased the levels of Blautia (A genus of anaerobic bacteria) and Coprobacillus. These findings suggest that Dex attenuates acute stress-impaired learning and memory in mice by maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizi Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingni Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, No. 161 Shaoshan South Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, No. 161 Shaoshan South Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Central Road, Changsha City, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, No. 161 Shaoshan South Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.108 Wansong Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325200, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou Q, Jiang N, Dong Y, Tian K. Dexmedetomidine alleviates anxiety-like behaviors in female mice with musculoskeletal pain through SIRT1/p53 axis. Brain Res Bull 2023; 201:110698. [PMID: 37406884 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal pain is the most common form of chronic pain. Anxiety increases pain intensity and appears to have a major impact on the prevalence and also disability of musculoskeletal pain in women. We examined the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on anxiety-like behaviors associated with musculoskeletal pain and the underlying molecular mechanism in female mice. METHODS Musculoskeletal pain was induced by injection of acidified saline into the gastrocnemius muscle in adult female mice, and the von Frey filament test is used to measure mechanical sensitivity. DEX and EX527 (SIRT1 inhibitor) were administered after modelling. Behavioral tests were used for anxiety and motor activity tests. SIRT1, p53 and acetyl-p53 were quantified by Western blot. RESULTS Adult female mice with musculoskeletal pain exhibit increased fear-like behavior by reducing SIRT1 expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). While administration of DEX was able to alleviate mechanical hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviors by blocking SIRT1 decline and acetyl-p53 upregulation in mPFC, EX527 inhibited acetyl-p53 rise and reversed the antinociceptive and anxiolytic effects of DEX. CONCLUSION DEX may alleviate anxiety-like behaviors in mice with musculoskeletal pain via the SIRT1/p53 axis. These results suggest that DEX may have a potential therapeutic role in musculoskeletal pain-induced anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ningbin Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Yinv Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ke Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Bosch OG, Dornbierer DA, Bavato F, Quednow BB, Landolt HP, Seifritz E. Dexmedetomidine in Psychiatry: Repurposing of its Fast-Acting Anxiolytic, Analgesic and Sleep Modulating Properties. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2023; 56:44-50. [PMID: 36384232 DOI: 10.1055/a-1970-3453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is a strategy to identify new indications for already approved drugs. A recent successful example in psychiatry is ketamine, an anesthetic drug developed in the 1960s, now approved and clinically used as a fast-acting antidepressant. Here, we describe the potential of dexmedetomidine as a psychopharmacological repurposing candidate. This α2-adrenoceptor agonist is approved in the US and Europe for procedural sedation in intensive care. It has shown fast-acting inhibitory effects on perioperative stress-related pathologies, including psychomotor agitation, hyperalgesia, and neuroinflammatory overdrive, proving potentially useful in clinical psychiatry. We offer an overview of the pharmacological profile and effects of dexmedetomidine with potential utility for the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Dexmedetomidine exerts fast-acting and robust sedation, anxiolytic, analgesic, sleep-modulating, and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, the drug prevents postoperative agitation and delirium, possibly via neuroprotective mechanisms. While evidence in animals and humans supports these properties, larger controlled trials in clinical samples are generally scarce, and systematic studies with psychiatric patients do not exist. In conclusion, dexmedetomidine is a promising candidate for an experimental treatment targeting stress-related pathologies common in neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder. First small proof-of-concept studies and then larger controlled clinical trials are warranted in psychiatric populations to test the feasibility and efficacy of dexmedetomidine in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver G Bosch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario A Dornbierer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse, Zürich
| | - Francesco Bavato
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse, Zürich
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland
- Sleep & Health Zurich, University Center of Competence, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland
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Gao W, Long DD, Pan TT, Hu R, Chen DY, Mao Y, Chai XQ, Jin Y, Zhang Z, Wang D. Dexmedetomidine alleviates anxiety-like behavior in mice following peripheral nerve injury by reducing the hyperactivity of glutamatergic neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vogt KM, Pryor KO. Anesthesia and the neurobiology of fear and posttraumatic stress disorder. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2022; 35:593-599. [PMID: 35993581 PMCID: PMC9469898 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dysfunction of fear memory systems underlie a cluster of clinically important and highly prevalent psychological morbidities seen in perioperative and critical care patients, most archetypally posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Several sedative-hypnotics and analgesics are known to modulate fear systems, and it is theoretically plausible that clinical decisions of the anesthesiologist could impact psychological outcomes. This review aims to provide a focused synthesis of relevant literature from multiple fields of research. RECENT FINDINGS There is evidence in some contexts that unconscious fear memory systems are less sensitive to anesthetics than are conscious memory systems. Opiates may suppress the activation of fear systems and have benefit in the prevention of PTSD following trauma. There is inconsistent evidence that the use of propofol and benzodiazepines for sedation following trauma may potentiate the development of PTSD relative to other drugs. The benefits of ketamine seen in the treatment of major depression are not clearly replicated in PTSD-cluster psychopathologies, and its effects on fear processes are complex. SUMMARY There are multiple theoretical mechanisms by which anesthetic drugs can modulate fear systems and clinically important fear-based psychopathologies. The current state of research provides some evidence to support further hypothesis investigation. However, the absence of effectiveness studies and the inconsistent signals from smaller studies provide insufficient evidence to currently offer firm clinical guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M. Vogt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Kane O. Pryor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine
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Kim Y, Cho M, Paulson B, Kim SH, Kim JK. Minimizing Motion Artifacts in Intravital Microscopy Using the Sedative Effect of Dexmedetomidine. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-8. [PMID: 35599594 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Among intravital imaging instruments, the intravital two-photon fluorescence excitation microscope has the advantage of enabling real-time 3D fluorescence imaging deep into cells and tissues, with reduced photobleaching and photodamage compared with conventional intravital confocal microscopes. However, excessive motion of organs due to involuntary movement such as breathing may result in out-of-focus images and severe fluorescence intensity fluctuations, which hinder meaningful imaging and analysis. The clinically approved alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine was administered to mice during two-photon fluorescence intravital imaging to alleviate this problem. As dexmedetomidine blocks the release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, pain is suppressed, blood pressure is reduced, and a sedation effect is observed. By tracking the quality of focus and stability of detected fluorescence in two-photon fluorescence images of fluorescein isothiocyanate-sensitized liver vasculature in vivo, we demonstrated that intravascular dexmedetomidine can reduce fluorescence fluctuations caused by respiration on a timescale of minutes in mice, improving image quality and resolution. The results indicate that short-term dexmedetomidine treatment is suitable for reducing involuntary motion in preclinical intravital imaging studies. This method may be applicable to other animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngkyu Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Cho
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Bjorn Paulson
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ki Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-Gil, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
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Qing X, Xu YL, Liu H, Liu XS. The influence of anesthesia and surgery on fear extinction. Neurosci Lett 2022; 766:136347. [PMID: 34808271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated significant clinical post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms after anesthesia or surgery. Fear extinction dysfunction is a notable feature of PTSD. Although anesthetics and surgery profoundly affect memory processes, their designated effects on fear extinction have not been dissertated. Previous studies have suggested that innate immune system activation disrupts fear extinction, and surgery has been shown to increase the inflammatory response. Thus, in the current study, we examined the effects of propofol, sevoflurane, dexmedetomidine and surgery on fear extinction in adolescent mice, and further tested whether dexmedetomidine could reverse the injury effect of surgery on fear extinction through its anti-inflammatory effects. Our results showed that propofol (200 mg/kg) impaired the acquisition and recall of cued fear extinction, and surgery disrupted cued fear extinction acquisition/recall and consolidation. In contrast to cued fear extinction, contextual fear extinction was not affected by propofol or surgery. Moreover, dexmedetomidine prevented surgery-induced impairment of cued extinction acquisition and recall but not consolidation. Finally, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex were not necessary for the dexmedetomidine treatment effect of surgery-induced fear extinction dysfunction. The study results showed that propofol and surgery selective impaired the cued fear extinction stage in adolescent mice, and dexmedetomidine may unleash a protective effect in preventing postoperative PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qing
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Yuan-Ling Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, China.
| | - Xue-Sheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, China.
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Bisby MA, Stylianakis AA, Baker KD, Richardson R. Fear extinction learning and retention during adolescence in rats and mice: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:1264-1274. [PMID: 34740753 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite exposure-based treatments being recommended for anxiety disorders, these treatments are ineffective for over half of all adolescents who receive them. The limited efficacy of exposure during adolescence may be driven by a deficit in extinction. Although indications of diminished extinction learning during adolescence were first reported over 10 years ago, these findings have yet to be reviewed and compared. This review (k = 34) found a stark inter-species difference in extinction performance: studies of adolescent mice reported deficits in extinction learning and retention of both cued and context fear. In contrast, studies of adolescent rats only reported poor extinction retention specific to cued fear. Adolescent mice and rats appeared to have only one behavioral outcome in common, being poor extinction retention of cued fear. These findings suggest that different behavioral phenotypes are present across rodent species in adolescence and highlight that preclinical work in rats and mice is not interchangeable. Further investigation of these differences offers the opportunity to better understand the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of fear-based disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyne A Bisby
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia; eCentreClinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Kathryn D Baker
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Rick Richardson
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
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Xu Y, Du X. Application of dexmedetomidine-assisted intravertebral anesthesia in hip replacement and its influence on T-lymphocyte subsets. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1269-1276. [PMID: 32742362 PMCID: PMC7388296 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of dexmedetomidine-assisted intravertebral anesthesia for elderly patients with hip replacement and its influences on T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were assessed. Eighty-six patients undergoing intravertebral anesthesia in hip replacement were treated as group A, and one hundred patients undergoing intravertebral anesthesia combined with dexmedetomidine were treated as group B. Hemodynamic changes in both groups were compared 5 min before anesthesia (T0), immediately after skin incision (T1) and after surgery (T2). General operation conditions of patients in both groups were recorded. T-lymphocyte subsets, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) cognitive function changes before surgery and 24 h after surgery were compared between the groups, and the incidence of complications in both groups after 24 h was recorded. The recovery time of patients in group B was shorter than that of group A (P<0.05). Changes of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate fluctuations in group B were lower than those in group A (P<0.05). At 24 h after surgery, VAS scores of group B were lower than those of group A (P<0.05); levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were lower than those of group A (P<0.05); CD3+ cells, CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, and CD4/CD8 ratio were higher than those of group A (P<0.05), and MMSE score was higher than that of group A (P<0.05). The incidence of gastrointestinal reactions and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in group B was lower than that in group A (P<0.05). In conclusion, administration of dexmedetomidine can effectively shorten the recovery time of patients, stabilize intraoperative hemodynamics of patients, protect immune function, and reduce postoperative pain and POCD occurrence during anesthesia of hip replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of The Sixth Clinical Medical School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of The Sixth Clinical Medical School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830002, P.R. China
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Molecular programs underlying differences in the expression of mood disorders in males and females. Brain Res 2019; 1719:89-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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