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Rango M, Dossi G, Squarcina L, Bonifati C. Brain mitochondrial impairment in early-onset Parkinson's disease with or without PINK1 mutation. Mov Disord 2020; 35:504-507. [PMID: 31898835 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PINK1 mutations are likely to affect mitochondrial function. The objective of this study was to study brain mitochondrial function in patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease, with or without PINK1 mutations. METHODS We investigated brain intracellular pH, mitochondrial activity, and energetics with functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease with PINK1 mutations (n = 10), early-onset Parkinson's disease without PINK1 mutations (n = 10), and healthy sex- and age-matched subjects (n = 20). We measured peak areas of phosphocreatine and beta adenosine triphosphate. RESULTS The EOPD- group had normal PCr + βATP contents at rest (P = NS) and under activation (P = NS), but reduced contents during recovery (P < 0.001). The EOPD+ group had abnormal PCr + βATP contents at rest (P < 0.001) and during activation (P < 0.001); during recovery, the contents only partially recovered (P < 0.001). Brain intracellular pH alterations were more severe with EOPD+ than with EOPD-. CONCLUSIONS Brain mitochondrial impairments were similar in early-onset Parkinson's disease without PINK1 mutations and late-onset Parkinson's disease. However, mitochondrial impairments were more severe in early-onset Parkinson's disease with PINK1 mutations. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rango
- Excellence Center for Advanced MR Techniques and Parkinson' s Disease Center, Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Dossi
- Excellence Center for Advanced MR Techniques and Parkinson' s Disease Center, Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Squarcina
- Excellence Center for Advanced MR Techniques and Parkinson' s Disease Center, Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bonifati
- Excellence Center for Advanced MR Techniques and Parkinson' s Disease Center, Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Palin O, Herd C, Morrison KE, Jagielski AC, Wheatley K, Thomas GN, Clarke CE. Systematic review and meta-analysis of hydrocarbon exposure and the risk of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 21:243-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
Worldwide, several hundred million tons of organic solvents are used annually in household, industry, and other occupational settings. Millions of workers are regularly exposed to organic solvents considered neurotoxic. Acute neurotoxicity due to high exposure of solvent is usually evident, but the nature of long-term effects, such as chronic solvent encephalopathy (CSE), has raised uncertainty even among experts. Earlier studies were criticized for their methodology, mainly epidemiologic studies or investigations of exposed groups with many possible confounders and inadequate exposure assessment. However, an increasing number of studies have been performed since, also on workers with defined CSE based on differential diagnostics. During the last decade, evidence has emerged to enable identification of CSE, a necessity for the early recognition and prevention of progression of dysfunction and disability. Selected chemicals are presented here due to their widespread use, neurotoxic potential, and ability to cause solvent encephalopathy. Constant introduction of new chemicals may introduce new hazardous chemicals or known chemicals may reveal new health effects. It is important to keep an open mind for new findings of solvent-related neurobehavioral effects.
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Campdelacreu J. Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer disease: environmental risk factors. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Campdelacreu J. Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease: environmental risk factors. Neurologia 2012; 29:541-9. [PMID: 22703631 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this review is to update and summarise available evidence on environmental risk factors that have been associated with risk of Parkinson disease (PD) or Alzheimer disease (AD) and discuss their potential mechanisms. DEVELOPMENT Evidence consistently suggests that a higher risk of PD is associated with pesticides and that a higher risk of AD is associated with pesticides, hypertension and high cholesterol levels in middle age, hyperhomocysteinaemia, smoking, traumatic brain injury and depression. There is weak evidence suggesting that higher risk of PD is associated with high milk consumption in men, high iron intake, chronic anaemia and traumatic brain injury. Weak evidence also suggests that a higher risk of AD is associated with high aluminium intake through drinking water, excessive exposure to electromagnetic fields from electrical grids, DM and hyperinsulinaemia, obesity in middle age, excessive alcohol consumption and chronic anaemia. Evidence consistently suggests that a lower risk of PD is associated with hyperuricaemia, tobacco and coffee use, while a lower risk of AD is associated with moderate alcohol consumption, physical exercise, perimenopausal hormone replacement therapy and good cognitive reserve. Weak evidence suggests that lower risk of PD is associated with increased vitamin E intake, alcohol, tea, NSAIDs, and vigorous physical exercise, and that lower risk of AD is associated with the Mediterranean diet, coffee and habitual NSAID consumption. CONCLUSIONS Several environmental factors contribute significantly to risk of PD and AD. Some may already be active in the early stages of life, and some may interact with other genetic factors. Population-based strategies to modify such factors could potentially result in fewer cases of PD or AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Campdelacreu
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, España.
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AHMED SHIEKSSJ, AHAMEETHUNISA A, SANTOSH WINKINS. QSAR AND PHARMACOPHORE MODELING OF 4-ARYLTHIENO [3, 2-d] PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES AGAINST ADENOSINE RECEPTOR OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633610006146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of 47, 4-arylthieno[3, 2-d] pyrimidine derivatives was subjected to quantitative structure-antiparkinson activity relationships (QSAR) studies to evaluate the antagonist activity towards both adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A targets in Parkinson's drug discovery. QSAR models were derived with the aid of genetic function approximation (GFA) technique using descriptors to make connections between structural parameters and antiparkinson's activity followed by ADMET analysis and pharmacophore model generation. QSAR model was assessed using a test set of 12 compounds for A1 (r2 pred = 0.961), (q2 = 0.912) and 12 compounds for A2a (r2 pred = 0.914), (q2 = 0.781) receptor. The results revealed the significant role of DIPOLE MAG, CHI-V-3-P, WIENER, AREA, SC-2 and PHI-MAG descriptors in the antiparkinson activity of the studied compounds against adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors. Subsequent, ADMET analysis shows 28 compounds can be the better candidates of drug and execution of pharmacophore model, explores the hydrogen bond donor, aromatic ring and hydrophobic groups are the key structural features for the antagonist activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- SHIEK S. S. J. AHMED
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
- Computational Biophysics and Neuro Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - A. AHAMEETHUNISA
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - WINKINS SANTOSH
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
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Franco R, Li S, Rodriguez-Rocha H, Burns M, Panayiotidis MI. Molecular mechanisms of pesticide-induced neurotoxicity: Relevance to Parkinson's disease. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188:289-300. [PMID: 20542017 PMCID: PMC2942983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in agricultural and other settings, resulting in continued human exposure. Pesticide toxicity has been clearly demonstrated to alter a variety of neurological functions. Particularly, there is strong evidence suggesting that pesticide exposure predisposes to neurodegenerative diseases. Epidemiological data have suggested a relationship between pesticide exposure and brain neurodegeneration. However, an increasing debate has aroused regarding this issue. Paraquat is a highly toxic quaternary nitrogen herbicide which has been largely studied as a model for Parkinson's disease providing valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the toxic effects of pesticides and their role in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we review the molecular mechanisms involved in the neurotoxic action of pesticides, with emphasis on the mechanisms associated with the induction of neuronal cell death by paraquat as a model for Parkinsonian neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 68583, United States.
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Ahmed SS, Santosh W, Kumar S, Christlet HTT. Metabolic profiling of Parkinson's disease: evidence of biomarker from gene expression analysis and rapid neural network detection. J Biomed Sci 2009; 16:63. [PMID: 19594911 PMCID: PMC2720938 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-16-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. The diagnosis of Parkinsonism is challenging because currently none of the clinical tests have been proven to help in diagnosis. PD may produce characteristic perturbations in the metabolome and such variations can be used as the marker for detection of disease. To test this hypothesis, we used proton NMR and multivariate analysis followed by neural network pattern detection. Methods & Results 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis was carried out on plasma samples of 37 healthy controls and 43 drug-naive patients with PD. Focus on 22 targeted metabolites, 17 were decreased and 5 were elevated in PD patients (p < 0.05). Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that pyruvate is the key metabolite, which contributes to the separation of PD from control samples. Furthermore, gene expression analysis shows significant (p < 0.05) change in expression of PDHB and NPFF genes leading to increased pyruvate concentration in blood plasma. Moreover, the implementation of 1H- NMR spectral pattern in neural network algorithm shows 97.14% accuracy in the detection of disease progression. Conclusion The results increase the prospect of a robust molecular definition in detection of PD through the early symptomatic phase of the disease. This is an ultimate opening for therapeutic intervention. If validated in a genuinely prospective fashion in larger samples, the biomarker trajectories described here will go a long way to facilitate the development of useful therapies. Moreover, implementation of neural network will be a breakthrough in clinical screening and rapid detection of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiek Ssj Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
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Rango M, Cogiamanian F, Marceglia S, Barberis B, Arighi A, Biondetti P, Priori A. Myoinositol content in the human brain is modified by transcranial direct current stimulation in a matter of minutes: a 1H-MRS study. Magn Reson Med 2009; 60:782-9. [PMID: 18816828 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Brain content of myoinositol (mI) has been shown to be altered in several neuropsychiatric conditions. Likewise, various forms of electric currents have been applied to the human brain for therapeutic purposes in neuropsychiatric diseases. In this study we aimed to depict the effects of low-power transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on brain mI by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS). We studied two groups of five healthy subjects by (1)H-MRS: the first group was studied before and after both anodal and sham (placebo) tDCS over the right frontal lobe, and the second group was studied at the same intervals without undergoing either sham or anodal tDCS. Anodal tDCS induced a significant increase of mI content at 30 min after stimulation offset (141.5 +/- 16.7%, P < 0.001) below the stimulating electrode but not in distant regions, such as the visual cortex, whereas sham tDCS failed to induce changes in mI. Neither N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) nor the other metabolite contents changed after anodal or sham stimulation. (1)H-MRS represents a powerful tool to follow the regional effects of tDCS on brain mI and, possibly, on the related phosphoinositide system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rango
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, Italy
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Di Filippo M, Tambasco N, Muzi G, Balucani C, Saggese E, Parnetti L, Calabresi P, Rossi A. Parkinsonism and cognitive impairment following chronic exposure to potassium cyanide. Mov Disord 2008; 23:468-70. [PMID: 18074360 DOI: 10.1002/mds.21871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Canesi M, Benti R, Marotta G, Cilia R, Isaias IU, Gerundini P, Pezzoli G, Antonini A. Striatal dopamine transporter binding in patients with Parkinson's disease and severe occupational hydrocarbon exposure. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14:297-9. [PMID: 17355550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We used 123I-Ioflupane SPECT to study striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding in 36 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with history of severe occupational exposure to hydrocarbons. Data were compared with 38 PD patients without exposure history as well as healthy controls. Both PD cohorts showed significant striatal uptake decrements compared with controls. We found significantly lower values in the whole striatum of exposed compared with non-exposed patients (0.83 +/- 0.25 vs. 1.05 +/- 0.39; P = 0.004), more pronounced in the putamen (0.61 +/- 0.24 vs. 0.85 +/- 0.42; P = 0.004). We conclude that severe occupational exposure to hydrocarbons may modify disease course and ultimately accelerate nigro-striatal denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Canesi
- Parkinson Institute, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milan, Italy.
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Ghione I, Di Fonzo A, Saladino F, Del Bo R, Bresolin N, Comi GP, Rango M. Parkin polymorphisms and environmental exposure: decrease in age at onset of Parkinson's disease. Neurotoxicology 2007; 28:698-701. [PMID: 17335904 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Revised: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that parkin polymorphisms (SNPs) and environmental exposure (EE) interact to reduce the age of onset of idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD). We prospectively and consecutively enrolled a total of 81 Italian PD patients. The diagnosis of PD was based on the UK Parkinson's Disease Society's brain bank criteria. Twenty-one patients with a positive family history for PD or tremor were excluded from the study. We collected information about medical history and EE. PARK1, PARK2 genes and PARK8 (exon 41) were screened. We detected one parkin mutation in a single patient and three parkin polymorphisms in a total of 25 patients; no alpha synuclein mutations, no common mutations of LRKK2 gene were found. The mutation-positive patient has been excluded from the study. The cohort of the remaining 59 patients has been divided into four subgroups, according to the presence/absence of parkin polymorphisms and the presence/absence of environmental factors-exposure. The age of onset of PD was significantly lower in patients with both SNPs and EE as compared to patients without (62.18+/-9.5 years versus 71.62+/-8 years, p=0.024; -13%). Patients with either SNPs or EE had an intermediate age of onset. The association of parkin polymorphisms and environmental exposure has a strong effect in lowering the age of onset of PD; the effect of environmental exposure or parkin polymorphisms alone seems to influence modestly the age of onset of PD. Individuals with environmental/occupational exposure should be screened for the presence of parkin SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Ghione
- Centro per il Morbo di Parkinson, Centro Dino Ferrari, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Milan, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S., Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, Italy
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