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Goyal Y, Koul A, Ranawat P. Ellagic acid modulates cisplatin toxicity in DMH induced colorectal cancer: Studies on membrane alterations. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 31:101319. [PMID: 35990576 PMCID: PMC9386026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic toxicity due to chemotherapy contributes to poor prognosis in patients receiving chemotherapy. The present study, therefore, explores the role of Ellagic acid, a phytochemical, in modulating cisplatin (CP) toxicity in dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal cancer. Colons excised from DMH administered animals showed abnormal crypts and bulges over the mucosal surface. SEM revealed significant alterations and dysplastic lesions in DMH administered mice. Animals receiving combined treatment showed improvement in colonic epithelium with lesser irregularities. DMH and CP administration disturbed the membrane dynamics and integrity as observed with the fluorescent probes DPH and pyrene. However, EA co-supplementation with CP proved to be beneficial in normalizing the altered membrane. Ellagic acid co-supplementation along with CP; therefore, showed great promise and helped restore the membrane alterations in the colon caused due to CP-induced toxicity and DMH insult. These observations could pave way towards developing a combination therapy targeting colon carcinogenesis in future. Colorectal tumor initiation as evident by the presence of ACFs (pre-neoplastic lesions). DMH and Cisplatin altered the membrane dynamics. Ellagic acid helped restore the membrane structure as evidenced through SEM. Membrane dynamics were also improved, as evidenced through lipid packing and lateral diffusion. Structural alterations monitored through FT-IR were also improved upon Ellagic acid co-supplementation.
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Studies on the Neuromodulatory Effects of Ginkgo biloba on Alterations in Lipid Composition and Membrane Integrity of Rat Brain Following Aluminium Neurotoxicity. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2143-2160. [PMID: 32594293 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain contains the highest lipid content involved in various structural and physiological activities such as structural development, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, signal transduction and myelin sheath formation. Lipids bilayer is essential to maintain the structural integrity for the physiological functions of protein. Impairments in lipid metabolism and its composition can lead to the progression of various brain ailments such as neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Aluminium (Al), the potent neurotoxin has been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) like pathology. Al can bind to biomembrane and influence oligomerization and conformational changes of proteins by acting as cross-linkers. The present study evaluated the influence of Ginkgo biloba (GBE) on the lipid profile alterations induced by Al lactate in hippocampal and cortical regions using FTIR spectroscopy. Rats were exposed with 10 mg/kg b.w. (intraperitoneal) of Al lactate for 6 weeks. This was followed by a treatment protocol of GBE (100 mg/kg b.w.) both preexposure (2 weeks) and conjunctive (6 weeks) exposure. A self recovery group was also included, where Al withdrawal was done for 2 weeks post Al exposure. A significant decrease in peak areas of cholesterol, sphingolipids and phospholipids was observed in Al treated groups. Further, polyunsaturated fatty acids and membrane fluidity has also decreased, as revealed by olefinic and methyl asymmetric stretching bands. Al treatment significantly increased the fluorescence polarization, anisotropy and order parameter, which however were normalized following GBE supplementation. Results also showed that pretreatment with GBE provided more beneficial effects on the adverse changes following Al in membrane composition and behavioral outcome.
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Guzmán DC, Brizuela NO, Herrera MO, Olguín HJ, Peraza AV, Mejía GB. β-Cyclodextrin and oleic acid increase levels of dopamine and potentiates oxidative damage in young and adult rat brain. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:172. [PMID: 30045742 PMCID: PMC6060500 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclodextrins are active pharmaceutical ingredients to treat neurological diseases by reducing neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to test if combined consumption of β-cyclodextrin (BCD) and Oleic acid (OA) potentiates brain antioxidant protection. Methods Four groups of young Wistar rats, grouped in 6 animals each, were treated as follows: Group (G) 1, saline solution 0.9% (control); G2, BCD (0.7 g/kg); G3, OA (15 ml/kg); G4, BCD + OA. The same design was assayed for groups of adult rats. Treatments were daily administered by oral means for five consecutive days. On the last day of administration, brains of the animals were extracted to measure dopamine, 5-HIAA, glutathione (GSH), ATPase, Lipoperoxidation and H2O2. Results Oleic acid and β-cyclodextrin upgraded the levels of dopamine, 5-HIAA and lipid peroxidation and downgraded the concentrations of GSH and H2O2 in cortex, hemispheres (striatum) and cerebellum/medulla oblongata regions. Conclusions The results of the present study suggest that combined use of oleic acid and β-cyclodextrin may increase oxidative damage in brain regions and promote alteration in dopamine and 5-HIAA amines and hence, constitutes health risks among age of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Calderón Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma Osnaya Brizuela
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Hugo Juárez Olguín
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, INP. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Imán N° 1, 3rd piso Colonia Cuicuilco CP, 04530, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Neurotoxicity of Ammonia. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:713-720. [PMID: 27465396 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal liver function has dramatic effects on brain functions. Hyperammonemia interferes profoundly with brain metabolism, astrocyte volume regulation, and in particular mitochondrial functions. Gene expression in the brain and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission circuits are also affected. Experiments with a number of pertinent animal models have revealed several potential mechanisms which could underlie the pathological phenomena occurring in hepatic encephalopathy.
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Ruszkiewicz J, Albrecht J. Changes of the thioredoxin system, glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity in rat brain cortex during acute liver failure: modulation by L-histidine. Neurochem Res 2014; 40:293-300. [PMID: 25161077 PMCID: PMC4326661 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione and thioredoxin are complementary antioxidants in the protection of mammalian tissues against oxidative–nitrosative stress (ONS), and ONS is a principal cause of symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) associated with acute liver failure (ALF). We compared the activities of the thioredoxin system components: thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and the expression of the thioredoxin-interacting protein, and of the key glutathione metabolizing enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the cerebral cortex of rats with ALF induced by thioacetamide (TAA). ALF increased the Trx and TrxR activity without affecting Trip protein expression, but decreased GPx activity in the brains of TAA-treated rats. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the brain was increased by ALF suggesting that upregulation of the thioredoxin may act towards compensating impaired protection by the glutathione system. Intraperitoneal administration of l-histidine (His), an amino acid that was earlier reported to prevent acute liver failure-induced mitochondrial impairment and brain edema, abrogated most of the acute liver failure-induced changes of both antioxidant systems, and significantly increased TAC of both the control and ALF-affected brain. These observations provide further support for the concept of that His has a potential to serve as a therapeutic antioxidant in HE. Most of the enzyme activity changes evoked by His or ALF were not well correlated with alterations in their expression at the mRNA level, suggesting complex translational or posttranslational mechanisms of their modulation, which deserve further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ruszkiewicz
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland,
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Cardoso TF, Varela AS, Silva EF, Vilela J, Hartmann A, Jardim RD, Colares EP, Corcini CD. Influence of mineral, olive or sunflower oils on male reproductive parameters in vitro--the wild rodent Calomys laucha. Andrologia 2013; 46:722-5. [PMID: 23889566 DOI: 10.1111/and.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of oils on male reproductive parameters in Calomys laucha. Twenty-four animals were distributed into four groups and given the following substances by gavage: water, mineral oil, olive oil and sunflower oil. After 10 days of gavage, the animals were euthanised and the semen was collected from them for assessing acrosome integrity and carrying out in vitro penetration (IVP) test. Acrosome was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) for the vehicles in relation to control. In vitro penetration was reduced in all vehicles in relation to control, but only sunflower oil had statistically lower levels of reduction (P < 0.05). Oily vehicles are able to influence in vitro reproductive tests negatively, interfering in reproductive toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Cardoso
- ReproPel, Faculdade de Veterinária, Campus Capão do Leão, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Singla N, Dhawan D. Zinc protection against aluminium induced altered lipid profile and membrane integrity. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:18-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Guzman DC, Garcia EH, Mejia GB, Ruiz NL, Jimenez FT, Olguin HJ, Gonzalez JS, Ochoa AR. Sucrose Combined with L-carnitine or Desvenlafaxine does not Increase Hyperglycemia. Inhibition of Oxidative Stress may be Involved in this Effect. INT J PHARMACOL 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2013.204.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Skowrońska M, Albrecht J. Oxidative and nitrosative stress in ammonia neurotoxicity. Neurochem Int 2012; 62:731-7. [PMID: 23142151 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased ammonia accumulation in the brain due to liver dysfunction is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Fatal outcome of rapidly progressing (acute) HE is mainly related to cytotoxic brain edema associated with astrocytic swelling. An increase of brain ammonia in experimental animals or treatment of cultured astrocytes with ammonia generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the target tissues, leading to oxidative/nitrosative stress (ONS). In cultured astrocytes, ammonia-induced ONS is invariably associated with the increase of the astrocytic cell volume. Interrelated mechanisms underlying this response include increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis which is partly coupled to the activation of NMDA receptors and increased generation of reactive oxygen species by NADPH oxidase. ONS and astrocytic swelling are further augmented by excessive synthesis of glutamine (Gln) which impairs mitochondrial function following its accumulation in there and degradation back to ammonia ("the Trojan horse" hypothesis). Ammonia also induces ONS in other cell types of the CNS: neurons, microglia and the brain capillary endothelial cells (BCEC). ONS in microglia contributes to the central inflammatory response, while its metabolic and pathophysiological consequences in the BCEC evolve to the vasogenic brain edema associated with HE. Ammonia-induced ONS results in the oxidation of mRNA and nitration/nitrosylation of proteins which impact intracellular metabolism and potentiate the neurotoxic effects. Simultaneously, ammonia facilitates the antioxidant response of the brain, by activating astrocytic transport and export of glutathione, in this way increasing the availability of precursors of neuronal glutathione synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Skowrońska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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Delvolve AM, Colsch B, Woods AS. Highlighting anatomical sub-structures in rat brain tissue using lipid imaging. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2011; 3:1729-1736. [PMID: 21961026 PMCID: PMC3181089 DOI: 10.1039/c1ay05107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes are made up of a mixture of glycerolipids, sphingolipids, gangliosides and cholesterol. Lipids play important roles in a cell's life. However many of their functions have still to be discovered. In the present work, we describe an efficient, easy and rapid methodology to accurately localize phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins from a single coronal rat brain section in the cerebrum area. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry was used to profile and image lipids. The best resolved structure was 25-50 μm in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M. Delvolve
- Cellular Neurobiology, NIDA IRP, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Room 1120, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Benoit Colsch
- Cellular Neurobiology, NIDA IRP, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Room 1120, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Amina S. Woods
- Cellular Neurobiology, NIDA IRP, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Room 1120, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
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Skowrońska M, Zielińska M, Albrecht J. Stimulation of natriuretic peptide receptor C attenuates accumulation of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide synthesis in ammonia-treated astrocytes. J Neurochem 2010; 115:1068-76. [PMID: 20854429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative and nitrosative stress contribute to ammonia-induced astrocytic dysfunction in hepatic encephalopathy. Treatment of cultured astrocytes with 5 mmol/L ammonium chloride ('ammonia') increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including the toxic NADPH oxidase reaction product, •O(2)(-). Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), natriuretic peptide C and a selective natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-C ligand, cANP((4-23),) each decreased the total ROS content both in control cells and cells treated with ammonia. However, attenuation of •O(2)(-) accumulation by ANP and cANP((4-23),) was observed in ammonia-treated cells only and the effect of cANP((4-23)) was decreased when the NADPH oxidase-regulatory protein G(iα-2) was blocked with a specific anti-G(iα-2) antibody. Although in contrast to ANP, cANP((4-23)) did not elevate the cGMP content in control astrocytes, it decreased cAMP content and reduced the expression of G(iα-2), the NADPH oxidase-regulatory protein. The results show the presence of functional NPR-C in astrocytes, activation of which (i) attenuates basal ROS production, and (ii) prevents excessive accumulation of the toxic ROS species, •O(2)(-) by ammonia. Ammonia, ANP and cANP((4-23)) added separately, each stimulated formation of NO(x) (nitrates + nitrites) which was associated with up-regulation of the activity [cANP((4-23))] or/and expression (ammonia) of the endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase. However, the ammonia-induced increase of NO(x) was not augmented by co-addition of ANP, and was reduced to the control level by co-addition of cANP((4-23)) , indicating that activation of NPR-C may also reduce nitrosative stress. Future hepatic encephalopathy therapy might include the use of cANP((4-23)) or other NPR-C agonists to control oxidative/nitrosative stress induced by ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Skowrońska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Gottschalk S, Zwingmann C. Altered fatty acid metabolism and composition in cultured astrocytes under hyperammonemic conditions. J Neurochem 2009; 109 Suppl 1:258-64. [PMID: 19393036 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In vitro 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the effect of ammonia on fatty acid synthesis and composition in cultured astrocytes. Cells were incubated 3 and 24 h with 5 mM ammonia in the presence or absence of the glutamine synthetase inhibitor methionine sulfoximine. An increase of de novo synthesized fatty acids and the glycerol subunit of lipids was observed after 3 h treatment with ammonia (35% and 40% over control, respectively), the initial time point examined. Both parameters further increased significantly to 85% and 60% over control after 24 h ammonia treatment. Three hours incubation with ammonia increased the synthesis of diacylglycerides, while formation of triacylglycerides was decreased (40% over and 15% under control, respectively). The degradation of fatty acids was not affected by ammonia treatment. Furthermore, ammonia caused alterations in the composition of fatty acids, e.g. increased mono- and decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids (85% over and 15% under control concentrations, respectively). The decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids was even more pronounced in isolated astrocytic mitochondria (39% lower than controls). Our results suggest ammonia-induced abnormalities in astrocytic membranes, which may be related to astrocytic mitochondrial dysfunction in hyperammonemic states. Most of the observed effects of ammonia on fatty acid synthesis and composition were ameliorated when glutamine synthetase was inhibited by methionine sulfoximine, supporting a pathological role of glutamine in ammonia toxicity. This study further emphasizes the importance of investigating the relative contribution of exogenous ammonia, effects of glutamine and of glutamine-derived ammonia on astrocytes and astrocytic mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Gottschalk
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Azzam DJ, Usta JA, Mouneimne Y, El Hokayem JA, Mikati MA. High-performance liquid chromatography method for quantifying sphingomyelin in rat brain. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 859:131-6. [PMID: 17901003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, reproducible and accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the quantitative determination of sphingomyelin in rat brain was developed and validated using normal-phase silica gel column, acetonitrile-methanol-water (65:18:17 (v/v)) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min, isocratic elution, UV detection at 207 nm and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine as an internal standard. Total run time was 10.0 min. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.025-0.4 mg/ml sphingomyelin (R2>0.99). The intra-day coefficient of variation ranged from 1.4% to 2.2%. The average inter-day coefficient of variation over a period of 4 days was 3.1%. The practical limit of detection was 0.005 mg/ml with a quantification limit of 0.01 mg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J Azzam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
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Swapna I, Sathyasaikumar KV, Murthy CRK, Dutta-Gupta A, Senthilkumaran B. Changes in cerebral membrane lipid composition and fluidity during thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy. J Neurochem 2006; 98:1899-907. [PMID: 16945106 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are an essential structural and functional component of cellular membranes. Changes in membrane lipid composition are known to affect the activities of many membrane-associated enzymes, endocytosis, exocytosis, membrane fusion and neurotransmitter uptake, and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, we investigated changes in the lipid composition of membranes isolated from the cerebral cortex of rats treated with thioacetamide (TAA), a hepatotoxin that induces fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) and thereon hepatic encephalopathy (HE). HE refers to acute neuropsychiatric changes accompanying FHF. The estimation of membrane phospholipids, cholesterol and fatty acid content in cerebral cortex membranes from TAA-treated rats revealed a decrease in cholesterol, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, a monounsaturated fatty acid, namely oleic acid, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids gamma-linolenic acid, decosa hexanoic acid and arachidonic acid compared with controls. Assessment of membrane fluidity with pyrene, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and 1-[4-(trimethylammonio)phenyl]-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene revealed a decrease in the annular membrane fluidity, whereas the global fluidity was unaffected. The level of the thiobarbituric acid reactive species marker for lipid peroxidation also increased in membranes from TAA-treated rats, thereby indicating the prevalence of oxidative stress. Results from the present study demonstrate gross alterations in cerebral cortical membrane lipid composition and fluidity during TAA-induced HE, and their possible implications in the pathogenesis of this condition are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Swapna
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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