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Wu X, Xu H, Luo F, Wang J, Zhao L, Zhou X, Yang Y, Cai H, Sun P, Zhou H. Sizes and ligands tuned gold nanocluster acting as a new type of monoamine oxidase B inhibitor. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 189:113377. [PMID: 34090156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that can be used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, clinical depression, and anxiety by targeting monoamine oxidase B (MAO). However, the side effects of MAOIs drive the requirement of a new framework of enzyme inhibitors development. In this context, a new type of MAOI has been built on the framework of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), realizing the transformation from no function of small molecules to MAOI function of ligand-modified AuNCs. The MAOI activity of fabricated AuNCs can be achieved by size control and specific ligands modification. In this work, AuNCs modified with cysteamine or 4-aminothiophenol, about 1-3 nm in size, were found to have MAOI activity (MAOI-like AuNCs) and their characterization has been extensively described. Meanwhile, the possible mechanism behind this MAOI activity has been explored and it is believed that the proper size of AuNCs with ligands containing amino groups can bind tightly with the entrance to active sites of MAO, blocking the enzyme interacting with its substrates, thereby realizing the function of MAOI. Last, the antimicrobial activity and the performance of the MAOI-like AuNCs in the human blood sample were explored and suggested that MAOI-like AuNCs do not possess strong antimicrobial activity and have no visualized side effect on blood cells, although the by-product peroxide of MAO reaction may reshape the white blood cells. The research in this work may shed some light on the development of a new type of enzyme inhibitor based on the framework of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiang Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Heng Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiaying University, Meizhou, 514015, PR China
| | - Fazeng Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Xia Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Huaihong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Pinghua Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Haibo Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
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Lackner J, Weiss M, Müller-Graf C, Greiner M. Disease burden of methylmercury in the German birth cohort 2014. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190409. [PMID: 29324759 PMCID: PMC5764270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the disease burden of methylmercury for children born in Germany in the year 2014. Humans are mainly exposed to methylmercury when they eat fish or seafood. Prenatal methylmercury exposure is associated with IQ loss. To quantify this disease burden, we used Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the incidence of mild and severe mental retardation in children born to mothers who consume fish based on empirical data. Subsequently, we calculated the disease burden with the disability-adjusted life years (DALY)-method. DALYs combine mortality and morbidity in one measure and quantify the gap between an ideal situation, where the entire population experiences the standard life expectancy without disease and disability, and the actual situation. Thus, one DALY corresponds to the loss of one year of life in good health. The methylmercury-induced burden of disease for the German birth cohort 2014 was an average of 14,186 DALY (95% CI 12,915-15,440 DALY). A large majority of the DALYs was attributed to morbidity as compared to mortality. Of the total disease burden, 98% were attributed to mild mental retardation, which only leads to morbidity. The remaining disease burden was a result of severe mental retardation with equal proportions of premature death and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lackner
- Department of Exposure, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Weiss
- Department of Exposure, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Greiner
- Department of Exposure, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Food Quality and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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Roda E, Giampreti A, Vecchio S, Apostoli P, Coccini T. Mercury Vapour Long-Lasting Exposure: Lymphocyte Muscarinic Receptors as Neurochemical Markers of Accidental Intoxication. Case Rep Med 2016; 2016:9783876. [PMID: 27872646 PMCID: PMC5107828 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9783876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Chronic poisoning may result in home setting after mercury (Hg) vapours inhalation from damaged devices. We report a chronic, nonoccupational Hg poisoning due to 10-year indoor exposure to mercury spillage. Case Report. A 72-year-old man with polyneuropathy of suspected toxic origin. At hospitalization, toxicological clinical evaluations confirmed the altered neurological picture documented across the last decade. Periodic blood and urine Hg levels (BHg, UHg) monitoring were performed from admission (t0), until 1 year later (t2), paralleled by blood neurochemical markers assessment, that is, lymphocytes muscarinic receptors (l-MRs). At t0: BHg and UHg were 27 and 1.4 microg/L, respectively (normal values: BHg 1-4.5; UHg 0.1-4.5), associated with l-MRs increase, 185.82 femtomoL/million lymphocytes (normal range: 8.0-16.0). At t1 (two days after DMSA-mobilization test), BHg weak reduction, paralleled by UHg 3.7-fold increase, was measured together with further l-MRs enhancement (205.43 femtomoL/million lymphocytes). At t2 (eight months after two cycles of DMSA chelating therapy ending), gradual improving of clinical manifestations was accompanied by progressive decrease of BHg and UHg (4.0 and 2.8 microg/L, resp.) and peripheral l-MRs neurochemical marker (24.89 femtomoL/million lymphocytes). Conclusion. l-MRs modulatory effect supports their use as peripheral neurochemical marker in Hg poisoning diagnosis and chelation therapy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Roda
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology and Poison Control Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, IRCCS Maugeri Foundation, Medical Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Giampreti
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology and Poison Control Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, IRCCS Maugeri Foundation, Medical Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - S. Vecchio
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology and Poison Control Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, IRCCS Maugeri Foundation, Medical Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - P. Apostoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia and Occupational Medicine, Hygiene, Toxicology and Prevention Unit, Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - T. Coccini
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology and Poison Control Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, IRCCS Maugeri Foundation, Medical Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Shao Y, Chan HM. Effects of methylmercury on dopamine release in MN9D neuronal cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:637-44. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1053654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Shaban NZ, Masoud MS, Awad D, Mawlawi MA, Sadek OM. Effect of Cd, Zn and Hg complexes of barbituric acid and thiouracil on rat brain monoamine oxidase-B (in vitro). Chem Biol Interact 2014; 208:37-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Application of Neurochemical Markers for Assessing Health Effects after Developmental Methylmercury and PCB Coexposure. J Toxicol 2012; 2012:216032. [PMID: 22505887 PMCID: PMC3306999 DOI: 10.1155/2012/216032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic muscarinic receptors (MRs) and monoamine oxidase activity (MAO-B), expressed both in brain and blood cells, were investigated in animals and exposed subjects to assess (i) MeHg (0.5–1 mg/kg/day GD7-PD7) and/or PCB153 (20 mg/kg/day GD10–GD16) effects on cerebellar MAO-B and MRs, and lymphocyte MRs, in dams and offspring 21 days postpartum; (ii) MAO-B in platelets and MRs in lymphocytes of a Faroese 7-year-old children cohort, prenatally exposed to MeHg/PCBs. Animal Data. MAO-B was altered in male cerebellum by MeHg, PCB153, and their combination (35%, 45%, and 25% decrease, resp.). Cerebellar MRs were enhanced by MeHg alone in dams (87%) and male pups (27%). PCB153 alone and in mixture did not modify cerebellar MRs. Similarly to brain, lymphocyte MRs were enhanced in both dams and offspring by MeHg alone. All changes were caused by 1 MeHg mg/kg/day, the lower dose was ineffective. Human Data. Both biomarkers showed homogeneous distributions within the cohort (MRs, range 0.1–36.78 fmol/million cells; MAO-B, 0.95–14.95 nmol/mg protein/h). No correlation was found between the two biomarkers and neurotoxicant concentrations in blood (pre- and postnatally).
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Visual acuity in fish consumers of the Brazilian Amazon: risks and benefits from local diet. Public Health Nutr 2011; 14:2236-44. [PMID: 21896241 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980011001765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between near and distant visual acuity and biomarkers of Hg, Pb, n-3 fatty acids and Se from the local diet of fish-eating communities of the Tapajós River in the Brazilian Amazon. DESIGN Visuo-ocular health and biomarkers of Hg (hair, whole blood, plasma), Pb (whole blood), Se (whole blood and plasma) and n-3 fatty acids (plasma total phospholipids) were assessed in a cross-sectional study. SETTING Lower Tapajós River Basin (State of Pará, Brazil), May to July 2006. SUBJECTS Two hundred and forty-three adults (≥15 years) without diagnosed age-related cataracts or ocular pathologies. RESULTS Near visual acuity was negatively associated with hair Hg and positively associated with %DHA, with a highly significant Log Hg × age interaction term. Stratifying for age showed that while young people presented good acuity, for those aged ≥40 years, clinical presbyopia was associated with hair Hg ≥ 15 μg/g (OR = 3·93, 95% CI 1·25, 14·18) and %DHA (OR = 0·37, 95% CI 0·11, 1·11). A similar age-related pattern was observed for distant visual acuity in relation to blood Pb, but the evidence was weaker. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that Hg and Pb may affect visual acuity in older persons, while DHA appears to be protective for near visual acuity loss. In this population, with little access to eye care, diet may have an important influence on visuo-ocular ageing.
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Abstract
Acute or chronic mercury exposure can cause adverse effects during any period of development. Mercury is a highly toxic element; there is no known safe level of exposure. Ideally, neither children nor adults should have any mercury in their bodies because it provides no physiological benefit. Prenatal and postnatal mercury exposures occur frequently in many different ways. Pediatricians, nurses, and other health care providers should understand the scope of mercury exposures and health problems among children and be prepared to handle mercury exposures in medical practice. Prevention is the key to reducing mercury poisoning. Mercury exists in different chemical forms: elemental (or metallic), inorganic, and organic (methylmercury and ethyl mercury). Mercury exposure can cause acute and chronic intoxication at low levels of exposure. Mercury is neuro-, nephro-, and immunotoxic. The development of the child in utero and early in life is at particular risk. Mercury is ubiquitous and persistent. Mercury is a global pollutant, bio-accumulating, mainly through the aquatic food chain, resulting in a serious health hazard for children. This article provides an extensive review of mercury exposure and children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Bose-O'Reilly
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health, Information Systems and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT-University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall i.T, Austria
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Mammalian wildlife as complementary models in environmental neurotoxicology. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2010; 32:114-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Monoamine oxidase activity in placenta in relation to manganese, cadmium, lead, and mercury at delivery. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2009; 32:256-61. [PMID: 19744554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 08/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental prenatal exposure to potentially neurotoxic metals poses a particular challenge with regard to the study of early toxic effects. Monoamine oxidase activity, shown to be influenced by metals in experimental studies, could be a useful biomarker in humans. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between blood metal concentrations at delivery and placenta MAO activity. METHODS The study was performed in 163 pregnancies. Maternal and cord blood samples were obtained for manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) determination. Mercury (Hg) was also analysed in maternal hair. Placental samples were stored immediately after expulsion and total MAO activity was measured. RESULTS MAO activity was significantly positively correlated with maternal and cord blood Mn concentrations in subjects with high MAO activity. In subjects with low MAO activity, maternal hair Hg was negatively correlated with MAO. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the use of placental MAO as a potential surrogate marker of Mn toxicity in the newborn and its correlation with psychomotor development should be further investigated.
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Coccini T, Manzo L, Debes F, Steuerwald U, Weihe P, Grandjean P. No changes in lymphocyte muscarinic receptors and platelet monoamine oxidase-B examined as surrogate central nervous system biomarkers in a Faroese children cohort prenatally exposed to methylmercury and polychlorinated biphenyls. Biomarkers 2009; 14:67-76. [PMID: 19330584 DOI: 10.1080/13547500902783739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence suggests that monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) and muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChRs) are involved in the pathogenesis of neurotoxicity caused by methylmercury and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Blood samples from 7-year-old exposed children were analyzed for platelet MAO-B and lymphocyte mAChRs as potential markers of exposure to these neurotoxicants. The blood neurotoxicity biomarkers were compared with prenatal and current exposures and with neuropsychological test results. Both biomarkers showed homogeneous distributions within this cohort (mAChR, range 0.04-36.78 fmol/million cells; MAO-B, 0.95-14.95 nmol mg(-1) protein h(-1)). No correlation was found between the two biomarkers and either blood neurotoxicant concentrations or clinical findings. MAO-B and mAChR sensitivity may not be sufficiently high to assess early, subclinical responses to low/moderate methylmercury and/or PCB exposure, whereas these markers are significantly altered in sustained exposure scenarios, as shown by clinical studies in drug addicts or patients treated with psychopharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Coccini
- IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Toxicology Division, Institute of Pavia, Italy.
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Stamler CJ, Mergler D, Abdelouahab N, Vanier C, Chan HM. Associations between platelet monoamine oxidase-B activity and acquired colour vision loss in a fish-eating population. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2006; 28:446-52. [PMID: 16806814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2006] [Revised: 05/13/2006] [Accepted: 05/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Platelet monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) has been considered a surrogate biochemical marker of neurotoxicity, as it may reflect changes in the monoaminergic system in the brain. Colour vision discrimination, in part a dopamine dependent process, has been used to identify early neurological effects of some environmental and industrial neurotoxicants. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to explore the relationship between platelet MAO-B activity and acquired colour discrimination capacity in fish-consumers from the St. Lawrence River region of Canada. Assessment of acquired dyschromatopsia was determined using the Lanthony D-15 desaturated panel test. Participants classified with dyschromatopsia (n=81) had significantly lower MAO-B activity when compared to those with normal colour vision (n=32) (26.5+/-9.6 versus 31.0+/-9.9 nmol/min/20 microg, P=0.030)). Similarly, Bowman's Colour Confusion Index (CCI) was inversely correlated with MAO-B activity when the vision test was performed with the worst eye only (r=-0.245, P=0.009), the best eye only (r=-0.188, P=0.048) and with both eyes together (r=-0.309, P=0.001). Associations remained significant after adjustment for age and gender when both eyes (P=0.003) and the worst eye (P=0.045) were tested. Adjustment for heavy smoking weakened the association between MAO-B and CCI in the worst eye (P=0.140), but did not alter this association for both eyes (P=0.006). Adjustment for blood-mercury concentrations did not change the association. This study suggests a relationship between reduced MAO-B activity and acquired colour vision loss and both are associated with tobacco smoking. Therefore, results show that platelet MAO-B may be used as a surrogate biochemical marker of acquired colour vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher John Stamler
- Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment and School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9
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