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Nishizawa S, Ouchi H, Suzuki H, Ohnishi T, Sasaki S, Oyagi Y, Kanakogi M, Matsumura Y, Nakagawa S, Asakawa T, Egi M, Inai M, Yoshimura F, Takita R, Kan T. Total synthesis of (-)-domoic acid, a potent ionotropic glutamate receptor agonist and the key compound in oceanic harmful algal blooms. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1653-1656. [PMID: 36723220 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02325c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The stereo-controlled total synthesis of (-)-domoic acid is described. The critical construction of the C1'-C2' Z-configuration was accomplished by taking advantage of an unsaturated lactam structure. The side chain fragment was introduced in the final stages of synthesis through a modified Julia-Kocieński reaction, aiming for its efficient derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Nishizawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Ouchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Suzuki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Takuma Ohnishi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Shingo Sasaki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yu Oyagi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Masaki Kanakogi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Matsumura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Nakagawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Asakawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Egi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Makoto Inai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Fumihiko Yoshimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Ryo Takita
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Kan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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Ventoso P, Pazos AJ, Blanco J, Pérez-Parallé ML, Triviño JC, Sánchez JL. Transcriptional Response in the Digestive Gland of the King Scallop ( Pecten maximus) After the Injection of Domoic Acid. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050339. [PMID: 34067146 PMCID: PMC8150855 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Some diatom species of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce the toxin domoic acid. The depuration rate of domoic acid in Pecten maximus is very low; for this reason, king scallops generally contain high levels of domoic acid in their tissues. A transcriptomic approach was used to identify the genes differentially expressed in the P. maximus digestive gland after the injection of domoic acid. The differential expression analysis found 535 differentially expressed genes (226 up-regulated and 309 down-regulated). Protein–protein interaction networks obtained with the up-regulated genes were enriched in gene ontology terms, such as vesicle-mediated transport, response to stress, signal transduction, immune system process, RNA metabolic process, and autophagy, while networks obtained with the down-regulated genes were enriched in gene ontology terms, such as response to stress, immune system process, ribosome biogenesis, signal transduction, and mRNA processing. Genes that code for cytochrome P450 enzymes, glutathione S-transferase theta-1, glutamine synthase, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2, and sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 were among the up-regulated genes. Therefore, a stress response at the level of gene expression, that could be caused by the domoic acid injection, was evidenced by the alteration of several biological, cellular, and molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ventoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Acuicultura, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.V.); (M.L.P.-P.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Antonio J. Pazos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Acuicultura, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.V.); (M.L.P.-P.); (J.L.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan Blanco
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Xunta de Galicia, Pedras de Corón s/n Apdo. 13, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain;
| | - M. Luz Pérez-Parallé
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Acuicultura, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.V.); (M.L.P.-P.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Juan C. Triviño
- Sistemas Genómicos, Ronda G. Marconi 6, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
| | - José L. Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Acuicultura, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.V.); (M.L.P.-P.); (J.L.S.)
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3
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Petroff R, Hendrix A, Shum S, Grant KS, Lefebvre KA, Burbacher TM. Public health risks associated with chronic, low-level domoic acid exposure: A review of the evidence. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 227:107865. [PMID: 33930455 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Domoic acid (DA), the causative agent for the human syndrome Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP), is a potent, naturally occurring neurotoxin produced by common marine algae. DA accumulates in seafood, and humans and wildlife alike can subsequently be exposed when consuming DA-contaminated shellfish or finfish. While strong regulatory limits protect people from the acute effects associated with ASP, DA is an increasingly significant public health concern, particularly for coastal dwelling populations, and there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that there are significant health consequences following repeated exposures to levels of the toxin below current safety guidelines. However, gaps in scientific knowledge make it difficult to precisely determine the risks of contemporary low-level exposure scenarios. The present review characterizes the toxicokinetics and neurotoxicology of DA, discussing results from clinical and preclinical studies after both adult and developmental DA exposure. The review also highlights crucial areas for future DA research and makes the case that DA safety limits need to be reassessed to best protect public health from deleterious effects of this widespread marine toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Petroff
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alicia Hendrix
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sara Shum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kimberly S Grant
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathi A Lefebvre
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas M Burbacher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Infant Primate Research Laboratory, Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle,WA, USA.
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4
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Wei Z, Liu J, Xie H, Wang B, Wu J, Zhu Z. MiR-122-5p Mitigates Inflammation, Reactive Oxygen Species and SH-SY5Y Apoptosis by Targeting CPEB1 After Spinal Cord Injury Via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:992-1005. [PMID: 33528808 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a threatening disease that lead to severe motor and sensory deficits. Previous research has revealed that miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. However, whether miR-122-5p was involved in SCI was rarely investigated. In our study, we intended to probe role of miR-122-5p in the regulation of inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and SH-SY5Y apoptosis. We found miR-122-5p was downregulated in SCI mouse model and LPS-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, miR-122-5p overexpression alleviated inflammatory response, ROS and SH-SY5Y apoptosis in SCI mice. In addition, miR-122-5p elevation also mitigated SCI in LPS-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB1) was verified to be a target of miR-122-5p. CPEB1 expression was upregulated in SCI mouse model and LPS-induced SH-SY5Y cells. CPEB1 expression was negatively related to miR-122-5p expression. Moreover, CPEB1 activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Finally, CPEB1 elevation recovered the suppressive effect on inflammatory response, ROS and SH-SY5Y apoptosis in LPS-treated SH-SY5Y cells mediated by miR-122-5p upregulation and through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zezhang Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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RNA-Seq Transcriptome Profiling of the Queen Scallop (Aequipecten opercularis) Digestive Gland after Exposure to Domoic Acid-Producing Pseudo-nitzschia. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11020097. [PMID: 30736356 PMCID: PMC6410316 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Some species of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce the toxin domoic acid, which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). Given that bivalve mollusks are filter feeders, they can accumulate these toxins in their tissues. To elucidate the transcriptional response of the queen scallop Aequipecten opercularis after exposure to domoic acid-producing Pseudo-nitzschia, the digestive gland transcriptome was de novo assembled using an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Then, a differential gene expression analysis was performed. After the assembly, 142,137 unigenes were obtained, and a total of 10,144 genes were differentially expressed in the groups exposed to the toxin. Functional enrichment analysis found that 374 Pfam (protein families database) domains were significantly enriched. The C1q domain, the C-type lectin, the major facilitator superfamily, the immunoglobulin domain, and the cytochrome P450 were among the most enriched Pfam domains. Protein network analysis showed a small number of highly connected nodes involved in specific functions: proteasome components, mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, protein translocases of mitochondrial membranes, cytochromes P450, and glutathione S-transferases. The results suggest that exposure to domoic acid-producing organisms causes oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. The transcriptional response counteracts these effects with the up-regulation of genes coding for some mitochondrial proteins, proteasome components, and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione S-transferases, thioredoxins, glutaredoxins, and copper/zinc superoxide dismutases).
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Pérez-Gómez A, Cabrera-García D, Warm D, Marini AM, Salas Puig J, Fernández-Sánchez MT, Novelli A. From the Cover: Selective Enhancement of Domoic Acid Toxicity in Primary Cultures of Cerebellar Granule Cells by Lowering Extracellular Na+ Concentration. Toxicol Sci 2019; 161:103-114. [PMID: 29029261 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Domoic acid (DOM) is an excitatory amino acid analog of kainic acid (KA) that acts through glutamic acid (GLU) receptors, inducing a fast and potent neurotoxic response. Here, we present evidence for an enhancement of excitotoxicity following exposure of cultured cerebellar granule cells to DOM in the presence of lower than physiological Na+ concentrations. The concentration of DOM that reduced by 50% neuronal survival was approximately 3 µM in Na+-free conditions and 16 µM in presence of a physiological concentration of extracellular Na+. The enhanced neurotoxic effect of DOM was fully prevented by AMPA/KA receptor antagonist, while N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor-mediated neurotoxicity did not seem to be involved, as the absence of extracellular Na+ failed to potentiate GLU excitotoxicity under the same experimental conditions. Lowering of extracellular Na+ concentration to 60 mM eliminated extracellular recording of spontaneous electrophysiological activity from cultured neurons grown on a multi electrode array and prevented DOM stimulation of the electrical activity. Although changes in the extracellular Na+ concentration did not alter the magnitude of the rapid increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels associated to DOM exposure, they did change significantly the contribution of voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VScaCs) and the recovery time to baseline. The prevention of Ca2+ influx via VSCaCs by nifedipine failed to prevent DOM toxicity at any extracellular Na+ concentration, while the reduction of extracellular Ca2+ concentration ameliorated DOM toxicity only in the absence of extracellular Na+, enhancing it in physiological conditions. Our data suggest a crucial role for extracellular Na+ concentration in determining excitotoxicity by DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Pérez-Gómez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - David Cabrera-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Davide Warm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ann M Marini
- Department of Neurology and Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Javier Salas Puig
- Unit of Epilepsy, Vall d'Hebrón Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University Autonoma of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,University Institute of Biotechnology
| | - Antonello Novelli
- University Institute of Biotechnology.,Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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7
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Radad K, Moldzio R, Al-Shraim M, Al-Emam A, Rausch WD. Long-term neurotoxic effects of domoic acid on primary dopaminergic neurons. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:279-285. [PMID: 30017864 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Domoic acid, an excitatory neurotoxin produced by certain algae, reaches the food chain through accumulation in some sea organisms. To investigate its long-term neurotoxicity on dopaminergic neurons, prepared primary mesencephalic cell cultures were exposed to different concentrations of domoic acid (0.1, 1, 10, 100 μM) on the 8th day in vitro (DIV) for 4 days. On the 12th DIV, culture media were collected for measurement of lactate dehydrogenase and cultured cells were subjected to immunohistochemistry against tyrosine hydroxylase, neuronal nuclear antigen and glial fibrillary acidic protein, and fluorescence staining using H2DCFDA, JC-1 and Hoechst 33342 dyes. Moreover, roles of AMPA/KA and NMDA receptors in domoic acid neurotoxicity were also investigated. Domoic acid significantly decreased the number of dopaminergic neurons and adversely affected their morphology, and slightly reduced the expression of neuronal nuclear antigen and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Co-treatment of cultures with domoic acid and the AMPA/KA or NMDA receptor antagonists NBQX and MK-801 rescued significant number of dopaminergic neurons. Domoic acid significantly decreased red:green fluorescence ratio of JC-1 and did not affect production of reactive oxygen species and apoptotic cell death. In conclusions, the present study reveals that long-term treatment of primary mesencephalic cell culture with domoic acid significantly destroyed dopaminergic neurons. This effect appears to be attributed to activation of AMPA/KA and NMDA receptors and mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Radad
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Rudolf Moldzio
- Department for Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Emam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Forensic and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Wolf-Dieter Rausch
- Department for Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Ikiz B, Alvarez MJ, Ré DB, Le Verche V, Politi K, Lotti F, Phani S, Pradhan R, Yu C, Croft GF, Jacquier A, Henderson CE, Califano A, Przedborski S. The Regulatory Machinery of Neurodegeneration in In Vitro Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cell Rep 2015; 12:335-45. [PMID: 26146077 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative phenotypes reflect complex, time-dependent molecular processes whose elucidation may reveal neuronal class-specific therapeutic targets. The current focus in neurodegeneration has been on individual genes and pathways. In contrast, we assembled a genome-wide regulatory model (henceforth, "interactome"), whose unbiased interrogation revealed 23 candidate causal master regulators of neurodegeneration in an in vitro model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), characterized by a loss of spinal motor neurons (MNs). Of these, eight were confirmed as specific MN death drivers in our model of familial ALS, including NF-κB, which has long been considered a pro-survival factor. Through an extensive array of molecular, pharmacological, and biochemical approaches, we have confirmed that neuronal NF-κB drives the degeneration of MNs in both familial and sporadic models of ALS, thus providing proof of principle that regulatory network analysis is a valuable tool for studying cell-specific mechanisms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Ikiz
- Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mariano J Alvarez
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Diane B Ré
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Virginia Le Verche
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kristin Politi
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Program in Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Francesco Lotti
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sudarshan Phani
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Radhika Pradhan
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Changhao Yu
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gist F Croft
- Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine and Project A.L.S./Jenifer Estess Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Arnaud Jacquier
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christopher E Henderson
- Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine and Project A.L.S./Jenifer Estess Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Serge Przedborski
- Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Program in Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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9
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Zhang Q, Shao Y, Zhao C, Cai J, Sun S. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 prevents apoptosis in rats that have undergone fetal spinal cord transplantation following spinal hemisection. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1731-1736. [PMID: 25371724 PMCID: PMC4218703 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is the main cause of paraplegia, but effective therapies for it are lacking. Embryonic spinal cord transplantation is able to repair spinal cord injury, albeit with a large amount of neuronal apoptosis remaining in the spinal cord. MK-801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is able to reduce cell death by decreasing the concentration of excitatory amino acids and preventing extracellular calcium ion influx. In this study, the effect of MK-801 on the apoptosis of spinal cord neurons in rats that have received a fetal spinal cord (FSC) transplant following spinal hemisection was investigated. Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Spinal cord hemisection injury with a combination of FSC transplantation and MK-801 treatment (group A); spinal cord hemisection injury with FSC transplantation (group B); and spinal cord injury with insertion of a Gelfoam pledget (group C). The rats were sacrificed 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after the surgery. Apoptosis in spinal slices from the injured spinal cord was examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling reaction, and the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) was measured by immunohistochemistry. The positive cells were quantitatively analyzed using a computer image analysis system. The rate of apoptosis and the positive expression of Bcl-2 protein in the spinal cord neurons in the three groups decreased in the following order: C>B>A (P<0.05) and A>B>C (P<0.05), respectively. This indicates that treatment with the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 prevents apoptosis in the spinal cord neurons of rats that have undergone FSC transplantation following spinal hemisection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Yang Shao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, P.R. China
| | - Changsong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Juan Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
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10
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Oral mucosa stem cells alleviates spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic bladder symptoms in rats. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:43. [PMID: 24884998 PMCID: PMC4028106 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) deteriorates various physical functions, in particular, bladder problems occur as a result of damage to the spinal cord. Stem cell therapy for SCI has been focused as the new strategy to treat the injuries and to restore the lost functions. The oral mucosa cells are considered as the stem cells-like progenitor cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of oral mucosa stem cells on the SCI-induced neurogenic bladder in relation with apoptotic neuronal cell death and cell proliferation. Results The contraction pressure and the contraction time in the urinary bladder were increased after induction of SCI, in contrast, transplantation of the oral mucosa stem cells decreased the contraction pressure and the contraction time in the SCI-induced rats. Induction of SCI initiated apoptosis in the spinal cord tissues, whereas treatment with the oral mucosa stem cells suppressed the SCI-induced apoptosis. Disrupted spinal cord by SCI was improved by transplantation of the oral mucosa stem cells, and new tissues were increased around the damaged tissues. In addition, transplantation of the oral mucosa stem cells suppressed SCI-induced neuronal activation in the voiding centers. Conclusions Transplantation of oral mucosa stem cells ameliorates the SCI-induced neurogenic bladder symptoms by inhibiting apoptosis and by enhancing cell proliferation. As the results, SCI-induced neuronal activation in the neuronal voiding centers was suppressed, showing the normalization of voiding function.
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Transient domoic acid excitotoxicity increases BDNF expression and activates both MEK- and PKA-dependent neurogenesis in organotypic hippocampal slices. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:72. [PMID: 23865384 PMCID: PMC3722092 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously reported evidence of cell proliferation and increased neurogenesis in rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC) after a transient excitotoxic injury to the hippocampal CA1 area induced by low concentrations of the AMPA/kainate agonist domoic acid (DOM). An increased baseline rate of neurogenesis may contribute to recovery from DOM-induced mild injury but the intracellular mechanism(s) responsible for neuronal proliferation remain unclear. The current study investigated the key intracellular pathways responsible for DOM-induced neurogenesis in OHSC including the effects of transient excitotoxicity on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a well-known regulator of progenitor cell mitosis. Results Application of a low concentration of DOM (2 μM) for 24 h followed by recovery induced a significant and long lasting increase in BDNF protein levels expressed by both neurons and microglial cells. Furthermore, the mild DOM toxicity stimulated both PKA and MEK-dependent intracellular signaling cascades and induced a significant increase in BDNF- transcription factor CREB activation and BDNF-receptor TrkB expression. Coexposure to specific inhibitors of PKA and MEK phosphorylation resulted in a significant decrease in the neurogenic marker doublecortin. Conclusions Our results suggest that transient excitotoxic insult induced by DOM produces BDNF and CREB overexpression via MEK and PKA pathways and that both pathways mediate, at least in part, the increased neural proliferation resulting from mild excitotoxicity.
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Lu J, Wu DM, Zheng YL, Hu B, Cheng W, Zhang ZF, Li MQ. Troxerutin Counteracts Domoic Acid–Induced Memory Deficits in Mice by Inhibiting CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein β–Mediated Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:3466-79. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Tsunekawa K, Kondo F, Okada T, Feng GG, Huang L, Ishikawa N, Okada S. Enhanced expression of WD repeat-containing protein 35 (WDR35) stimulated by domoic acid in rat hippocampus: involvement of reactive oxygen species generation and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:4. [PMID: 23289926 PMCID: PMC3548691 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Domoic acid (DA) is an excitatory amino acid analogue of kainic acid (KA) that acts via activation of glutamate receptors to elicit a rapid and potent excitotoxic response, resulting in neuronal cell death. Recently, DA was shown to elicit reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induce apoptosis accompanied by activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in vitro. We have reported that WDR35, a WD-repeat protein, may mediate apoptosis in several animal models. In the present study, we administered DA to rats intraperitoneally, then used liquid chromatography/ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify and quantify DA in the brains of the rats and performed histological examinations of the hippocampus. We further investigated the potential involvement of glutamate receptors, ROS, p38 MAPK, and WDR35 in DA-induced toxicity in vivo. Results Our results showed that intraperitoneally administered DA was present in the brain and induced neurodegenerative changes including apoptosis in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. DA also increased the expression of WDR35 mRNA and protein in a dose- and time-dependent manner in the hippocampus. In experiments using glutamate receptor antagonists, the AMPA/KA receptor antagonist NBQX significantly attenuated the DA-induced increase in WDR35 protein expression, but the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 did not. In addition, the radical scavenger edaravone significantly attenuated the DA-induced increase in WDR35 protein expression. Furthermore, NBQX and edaravone significantly attenuated the DA-induced increase in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Conclusion In summary, our results indicated that DA activated AMPA/KA receptors and induced ROS production and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, resulting in an increase in the expression of WDR35 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Tsunekawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
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Pérez-Gómez A, Tasker RA. Enhanced neurogenesis in organotypic cultures of rat hippocampus after transient subfield-selective excitotoxic insult induced by domoic acid. Neuroscience 2012; 208:97-108. [PMID: 22366222 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
New neurons are continuously generated in the hippocampus and may play an important role in many physiological and pathological conditions. Here we present evidence of cell proliferation and neurogenesis after a selective and transient excitotoxic injury to the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) area induced by low concentrations of domoic acid (DOM) in rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC). DOM is an excitatory amino acid analog to kainic acid that acts through glutamate receptors to elicit a rapid and potent excitotoxic response. Exposure of slice cultures to varying concentrations of DOM for 24 h induced dose-dependent neuronal toxicity that was independent of activation of classic apoptotic markers. Treatment with 2 μM DOM for 24 h caused a selective yet transient neurotoxic injury in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus that appeared recovered after 7 days of incubation in a DOM-free medium and showed significant microgliosis but no sign of astrogliosis. The DOM insult (2 μM, 24 h) resulted in a significant upregulation of cell proliferation, as assessed by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, and a concurrent increase of the neuronal precursor cell marker doublecortin (DCX) within the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and area CA1. Neurogenesis occurred primarily during the first week after termination of the DOM exposure. Our study shows that exposure of OHSC to concentrations of DOM below those required to induce permanent neurotoxicity can induce proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells that may contribute to recovery from mild injury and to develop abnormal circuits relevant to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pérez-Gómez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
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Moreno-Martet M, Mestre L, Loría F, Guaza C, Fernández-Ruiz J, de Lago E. Identification of receptors and enzymes for endocannabinoids in NSC-34 cells: relevance for in vitro studies with cannabinoids in motor neuron diseases. Neurosci Lett 2011; 508:67-72. [PMID: 22206832 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
NSC-34 cells, a hybridoma cell line derived from the fusion of neuroblastoma cells with mice spinal cord cells, have been widely used as an in vitro model for the study of motor neuron diseases [i.e. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)]. In the present study, they were used to characterize different elements of the cannabinoid signaling system, which have been reported to serve as targets for the neuroprotective action of different natural and synthetic cannabinoid compounds. Using RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry, we first identified the presence of the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor in these cells. As expected, CB(2) receptor is not expressed in this neuronal cell line, a result that is concordant with the idea that this receptor type is preferentially expressed in glial elements. Diacylglycerol-lipase (DAGL) and N-arachidonoylphosphatidylethanolamine-phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), the enzymes that synthesize endocannabinoids, have also been detected in these cells using RT-PCR, and the same happened with the endocannabinoid-degrading enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol-lipase (MAGL). The presence of the CB(1) receptor in these cells supports the idea that this receptor may play a role in the regulation of cellular survival face to excitotoxic injury. Interestingly, the expression of CB(1) receptor (and also the FAAH enzyme) was strongly up-regulated after differentiation of these cells, as previously reported with glutamate receptors. No changes were found for NAPE-PLD, DAGL and MAGL. Assuming that glutamate toxicity is one of the major causes of neuronal damage in ALS and other motor neurons diseases, the differentiated NSC-34 cells might serve as a useful model for studying neuroprotection with cannabinoids in conditions of excitotoxic injury, mitochondrial malfunctioning and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Moreno-Martet
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Costa LG, Giordano G, Faustman EM. Domoic acid as a developmental neurotoxin. Neurotoxicology 2010; 31:409-23. [PMID: 20471419 PMCID: PMC2934754 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Domoic acid (DomA) is an excitatory amino acid which can accumulate in shellfish and finfish under certain environmental conditions. DomA is a potent neurotoxin. In humans and in non-human primates, oral exposure to a few mg/kg DomA elicits gastrointestinal effects, while slightly higher doses cause neurological symptoms, seizures, memory impairment, and limbic system degeneration. In rodents, which appear to be less sensitive than humans or non-human primates, oral doses cause behavioral abnormalities (e.g. hindlimb scratching), followed by seizures and hippocampal degeneration. Similar effects are also seen in other species (from sea lions to zebrafish), indicating that DomA exerts similar neurotoxic effects across species. The neurotoxicity of DomA is ascribed to its ability to interact and activate the AMPA/KA receptors, a subfamily of receptors for the neuroexcitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Studies exploring the neurotoxic effects of DomA on the developing nervous system indicate that DomA elicits similar behavioral, biochemical and morphological effects as in adult animals. However, most importantly, developmental neurotoxicity is seen at doses of DomA that are one to two orders of magnitude lower than those exerting neurotoxicity in adults. This difference may be due to toxicokinetic and/or toxicodynamic differences. Estimated safe doses may be exceeded in adults by high consumption of shellfish contaminated with DomA at the current limit of 20 microg/g. Given the potential higher susceptibility of the young to DomA neurotoxicity, additional studies investigating exposure to, and effects of this neurotoxin during brain development are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio G Costa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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