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Yu Y, Tan S, Xie D, Li H, Chen H, Dang Y, Xiang M. Photoaged microplastics induce neurotoxicity associated with damage to serotonergic, glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and GABAergic neuronal systems in Caenorhabditis elegans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165874. [PMID: 37517734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that cause neurotoxicity in various organisms. MPs are typically affected by light irradiation and undergo photoaging. However, the neurotoxic effects of photoaged polystyrene (P-PS) and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, locomotion behaviors, neuronal development, neurotransmitter levels, and the expression of neurotransmission-related genes were investigated in Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to P-PS at environment-relevant concentrations (0.1-100 μg/L). The characterization results showed that photoaging accelerated the aging process and changed the physicochemical properties of the MPs. The toxicity results suggested that exposure to 1-100 μg/L P-PS caused more severe neurotoxicity than virgin polystyrene (V-PS) with endpoints of head thrashes, body bends, wavelength, and mean amplitude. Exposure to P-PS also altered the fluorescence intensity and neurodegeneration percentage of serotonergic, glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and aminobutyric acid (GABA) in transgenic nematodes. Similarly, significant reductions in the levels of these neurotransmitters were also observed. Based on Pearson's correlation, locomotion behaviors were negatively correlated with the neurotransmission of serotonin, glutamate, dopamine, and GABA. Further investigation suggested that the expression of neurotransmitter-related genes (e.g., tph-1, eat-4, and unc-46) was significantly altered in the nematodes. Collectively, the neurotoxic effects of P-PS were attributed to abnormal neurotransmission. This study highlights the potential toxicity of MPs photoaged under environmentally relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Shihui Tan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; School of Public Health, China Medical University, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Dongli Xie
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Institute for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Yao Dang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Mingdeng Xiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
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2
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Adedara IA, Mohammed KA, Canzian J, Rosemberg DB, Aschner M, Farombi EO, Rocha JB. Nauphoeta cinerea as an emerging model in neurotoxicology. ADVANCES IN NEUROTOXICOLOGY 2023; 9:181-196. [PMID: 37389201 PMCID: PMC10310038 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A. Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Khadija A. Mohammed
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Julia Canzian
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Denis B. Rosemberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ebenezer O. Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joao Batista Rocha
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Ohiomokhare S, Olaolorun F, Ladagu A, Olopade F, Howes MJR, Okello E, Olopade J, Chazot PL. The Pathopharmacological Interplay between Vanadium and Iron in Parkinson's Disease Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6719. [PMID: 32937783 PMCID: PMC7554808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology is characterised by distinct types of cellular defects, notably associated with oxidative damage and mitochondria dysfunction, leading to the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain's substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Exposure to some environmental toxicants and heavy metals has been associated with PD pathogenesis. Raised iron levels have also been consistently observed in the nigrostriatal pathway of PD cases. This study explored, for the first time, the effects of an exogenous environmental heavy metal (vanadium) and its interaction with iron, focusing on the subtoxic effects of these metals on PD-like oxidative stress phenotypes in Catecholaminergic a-differentiated (CAD) cells and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK-1)B9Drosophila melanogaster models of PD. We found that undifferentiated CAD cells were more susceptible to vanadium exposure than differentiated cells, and this susceptibility was modulated by iron. In PINK-1 flies, the exposure to chronic low doses of vanadium exacerbated the existing motor deficits, reduced survival, and increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both Aloysia citrodora Paláu, a natural iron chelator, and Deferoxamine Mesylate (DFO), a synthetic iron chelator, significantly protected against the PD-like phenotypes in both models. These results favour the case for iron-chelation therapy as a viable option for the symptomatic treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ohiomokhare
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, County Durham DH1 3LE, UK; (S.O.); (F.O.); (A.L.)
| | - Francis Olaolorun
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, County Durham DH1 3LE, UK; (S.O.); (F.O.); (A.L.)
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria;
| | - Amany Ladagu
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, County Durham DH1 3LE, UK; (S.O.); (F.O.); (A.L.)
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria;
| | - Funmilayo Olopade
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria;
| | - Melanie-Jayne R. Howes
- Natural Capital and Plant Health Department, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK;
| | - Edward Okello
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Tyne and Wear NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - James Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria;
| | - Paul L. Chazot
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, County Durham DH1 3LE, UK; (S.O.); (F.O.); (A.L.)
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Ladagu AD, Olopade FE, Folarin OR, Elufioye TO, Wallach JV, Dybek MB, Olopade JO, Adejare A. Novel NMDA-receptor antagonists ameliorate vanadium neurotoxicity. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1729-1738. [PMID: 32388602 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Various NMDA-receptor antagonists have been investigated for their therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease with memantine shown to be safe and with relative efficacy. There is, however, need to develop novel drugs to counter tolerance and with better efficacy in ameliorating neurodegeneration. We have shown neurodegeneration in different models of vanadium-exposed mice. This study was designed to evaluate and ascertain the potency of three novel NMDA-receptor antagonists (Compounds A, B and C) to ameliorate neurodegeneration in vanadium-exposed mice. One-month-old mice (n = 6) received sterile water (control) and another group (n = 6) was treated with vanadium (3 mg/kg sodium metavanadate) intraperitoneally for 1 month. Three other groups (n = 6) received vanadium and compounds A, B and C (4.35 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively) simultaneously for the same period. Assessment of pathologies and neurodegeneration in different brain regions was done to test the ameliorative effects of the 3 antagonists using different immunohistochemical markers. Vanadium exposure resulted in reduced calbindin expression and pyknosis of Purkinje cells, cell loss and destruction of apical dendrites with greater percentage of cytoplasmic vacuolations, morphological alterations characterized by cell clustering and multiple layering patterns in the Purkinje cell layer. In addition, the observed degeneration included demyelination, increased GFAP-immunoreactive cells and microgliosis. Simultaneous administration of the compounds to vanadium-exposed mice resulted in the preservation of cellular integrity in the same anatomical regions and restoration of the cells' vitality with reduced astroglial and microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Ladagu
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - F E Olopade
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - O R Folarin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - T O Elufioye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - J V Wallach
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M B Dybek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J O Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria.
| | - A Adejare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Schymanski EL, Baker NC, Williams AJ, Singh RR, Trezzi JP, Wilmes P, Kolber PL, Kruger R, Paczia N, Linster CL, Balling R. Connecting environmental exposure and neurodegeneration using cheminformatics and high resolution mass spectrometry: potential and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:1426-1445. [PMID: 31305828 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00068b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Connecting chemical exposures over a lifetime to complex chronic diseases with multifactorial causes such as neurodegenerative diseases is an immense challenge requiring a long-term, interdisciplinary approach. Rapid developments in analytical and data technologies, such as non-target high resolution mass spectrometry (NT-HR-MS), have opened up new possibilities to accomplish this, inconceivable 20 years ago. While NT-HR-MS is being applied to increasingly complex research questions, there are still many unidentified chemicals and uncertainties in linking exposures to human health outcomes and environmental impacts. In this perspective, we explore the possibilities and challenges involved in using cheminformatics and NT-HR-MS to answer complex questions that cross many scientific disciplines, taking the identification of potential (small molecule) neurotoxicants in environmental or biological matrices as a case study. We explore capturing literature knowledge and patient exposure information in a form amenable to high-throughput data mining, and the related cheminformatic challenges. We then briefly cover which sample matrices are available, which method(s) could potentially be used to detect these chemicals in various matrices and what remains beyond the reach of NT-HR-MS. We touch on the potential for biological validation systems to contribute to mechanistic understanding of observations and explore which sampling and data archiving strategies may be required to form an accurate, sustained picture of small molecule signatures on extensive cohorts of patients with chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we reflect on how NT-HR-MS can support unravelling the contribution of the environment to complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Schymanski
- Environmental Cheminformatics Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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6
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Fatola OI, Olaolorun FA, Olopade FE, Olopade JO. Trends in vanadium neurotoxicity. Brain Res Bull 2018; 145:75-80. [PMID: 29577939 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium, atomic number 23, is a transition metal widely distributed in nature. It is a major contaminant of fossil fuels and is widely used in industry as catalysts, in welding, and making steel alloys. Over the years, vanadium compounds have been generating interests due to their use as therapeutic agents in the control of diabetes, tuberculosis, and some neoplasms. However, the toxicity of vanadium compounds is well documented in literature with occupational exposure of workers in vanadium allied industries, environmental pollution from combustion of fossil fuels and industrial exhausts receiving concerns as major sources of toxicity and a likely predisposing factor in the aetiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. A lot has been done to understand the neurotoxic effects of vanadium, its mechanisms of action and possible antidotes. Sequel to our review of the subject in 2011, this present review is to detail the recent insights gained in vanadium neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James O Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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7
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Soria C, Coccini T, De Simone U, Marchese L, Zorzoli I, Giorgetti S, Raimondi S, Mangione PP, Ramat S, Bellotti V, Manzo L, Stoppini M. Enhanced toxicity of silver nanoparticles in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing amyloidogenic proteins. Amyloid 2015; 22:221-8. [PMID: 26466638 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2015.1077216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The increasing number of applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) prompted us to assess their toxicity in vivo. We have investigated their effects on wild type and transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) strains expressing two prototypic amyloidogenic proteins: β2-microglobulin and Aβ peptide3-42. The use of C. elegans allowed us to highlight AgNP toxicity in the early phase of the worm's life cycle (LC50 survival, 0.9 µg/ml). A comparative analysis of LC50 values revealed that our nematode strains were more sensitive to assess AgNP toxicity than the cell lines, classically used in toxicity tests. Movement and superoxide production in the adult population were significantly affected by exposure to AgNP; the transgenic strains were more affected than the wild type worms. Our screening approach could be applied to other types of nanomaterials that can enter the body and express any nanostructure-related bioactivities. We propose that C. elegans reproducing the molecular events associated with protein misfolding diseases, e.g. Alzheimer's disease and systemic amyloidosis, may help to investigate the specific toxicity of a range of potentially harmful molecules. Our study suggests that transgenic C. elegans may be used to predict the effect of chemicals in a "fragile population", where an underlying pathologic state may amplify their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Soria
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Teresa Coccini
- b Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Toxicology Division, Department of Environmental Medicine , IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Scientific Institute of Pavia Medical Centre , Pavia , Italy
| | - Uliana De Simone
- c Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Surgical , Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Loredana Marchese
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Irene Zorzoli
- d Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Therapeutics , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Sofia Giorgetti
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Sara Raimondi
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - P Patrizia Mangione
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy .,e Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, University College London , London , UK , and
| | - Stefano Ramat
- f Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Computer , Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Vittorio Bellotti
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy .,e Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, University College London , London , UK , and
| | - Luigi Manzo
- b Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Toxicology Division, Department of Environmental Medicine , IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Scientific Institute of Pavia Medical Centre , Pavia , Italy .,c Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Surgical , Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Monica Stoppini
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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Mustapha O, Oke B, Offen N, Sirén AL, Olopade J. Neurobehavioral and cytotoxic effects of vanadium during oligodendrocyte maturation: a protective role for erythropoietin. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:98-111. [PMID: 24927405 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium exposure has been known to lead to lipid peroxidation, demyelination and oligodendrocytes depletion. We investigated behaviour and glial reactions in juvenile mice after early neonatal exposure to vanadium, and examined the direct effects of vanadium in oligodendrocyte progenitor cultures from embryonic mice. Neonatal pups exposed to vanadium via lactation for 15 and 22 days all had lower body weights. Behavioural tests showed in most instances a reduction in locomotor activity and negative geotaxis. Brain analyses revealed astrocytic activation and demyelination in the vanadium exposed groups compared to the controls. In cell culture, exposure of oligodendrocytes to 300 μM sodium metavanadate significantly increased cell death. Expression of the oligodendrocyte specific proteins, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) and oligodendrocyte specific protein (OSP/Claudin) were reduced upon vanadium treatment while simultaneous administration of erythropoietin (EPO; 4-12 U/ml) counteracted vanadium-toxicity. The data suggest that oligodendrocyte damage may explain the increased vulnerability of the juvenile brain to vanadium and support a potential for erythropoietin as a protective agent against vanadium-toxicity during perinatal brain development and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Mustapha
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
| | - Bankole Oke
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Nils Offen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Strasse 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Anna-Leena Sirén
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Strasse 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - James Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Strasse 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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Microcystins alter chemotactic behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans by selectively targeting the AWA sensory neuron. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:1813-36. [PMID: 24918360 PMCID: PMC4073131 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6061813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms expose humans and animals to microcystins (MCs) through contaminated drinking water. While hepatotoxicity following acute exposure to MCs is well documented, neurotoxicity after sub-lethal exposure is poorly understood. We developed a novel statistical approach using a generalized linear model and the quasibinomial family to analyze neurotoxic effects in adult Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to MC-LR or MC-LF for 24 h. Selective effects of toxin exposure on AWA versus AWC sensory neuron function were determined using a chemotaxis assay. With a non-monotonic response MCs altered AWA but not AWC function, and MC-LF was more potent than MC-LR. To probe a potential role for protein phosphatases (PPs) in MC neurotoxicity, we evaluated the chemotactic response in worms exposed to the PP1 inhibitor tautomycin or the PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid for 24 h. Okadaic acid impaired both AWA and AWC function, while tautomycin had no effect on function of either neuronal cell type at the concentrations tested. These findings suggest that MCs alter the AWA neuron at concentrations that do not cause AWC toxicity via mechanisms other than PP inhibition.
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Meyer D, Williams PL. Toxicity testing of neurotoxic pesticides in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2014; 17:284-306. [PMID: 25205216 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2014.933722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides is ubiquitous worldwide, and these chemicals exert adverse effects on both target and nontarget species. Understanding the modes of action of pesticides, as well as quantifying exposure concentration and duration, is an important goal of clinicians and environmental health scientists. Some chemical exposures result in adverse effects on the nervous system. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a model lab organism well established for studying neurotoxicity, since the components of its nervous system are mapped and known, and most of its neurotransmitters correspond to human homologs. This review encompasses published studies in which C. elegans nematodes were exposed to pesticides with known neurotoxic actions. Endpoints measured include changes in locomotion, feeding behavior, brood size, growth, life span, and cell death. From data presented, evidence indicates that C. elegans can serve a role in assessing the effects of neurotoxic pesticides at the sublethal cellular level, thereby advancing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying toxicity induced by these chemicals. A proposed toxicity testing scheme for water-soluble chemicals is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Meyer
- a Department of Environmental Health Science , College of Public Health, The University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia , USA
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11
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Zhao Y, Wu Q, Li Y, Wang D. Translocation, transfer, and in vivo safety evaluation of engineered nanomaterials in the non-mammalian alternative toxicity assay model of nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22798c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Yen J, Donerly S, Levin ED, Linney EA. Differential acetylcholinesterase inhibition of chlorpyrifos, diazinon and parathion in larval zebrafish. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2011; 33:735-41. [PMID: 22036888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are increasingly used for developmental neurotoxicity testing because early embryonic events are easy to visualize, exposures are done without affecting the mother and the rapid development of zebrafish allows for high throughput testing. We used zebrafish to examine how exposures to three different organophosphorus pesticides (chlorpyrifos, diazinon and parathion) over the first five days of embryonic and larval development of zebrafish affected their survival, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and behavior. We show that at non-lethal, equimolar concentrations, chlorpyrifos (CPF) is more effective at equimolar concentrations than diazinon (DZN) and parathion (PA) in producing AChE inhibition. As concentrations of DZN and PA are raised, lethality occurs before they can produce the degree of AChE inhibition observed with CPF at 300 nM. Because of its availability outside the mother at the time of fertilization, zebrafish provides a complementary model for studying the neurotoxicity of very early developmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Yen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
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Critical duration of exposure for developmental chlorpyrifos-induced neurobehavioral toxicity. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2011; 33:742-51. [PMID: 21745564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Developmental exposure of rats to the pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) causes persistent neurobehavioral impairment. In a parallel series of studies with zebrafish, we have also found persisting behavioral dysfunction after developmental CPF exposure. We have developed a battery of measures of zebrafish behavior, which are reliable and sensitive to toxicant-induced damage. This study determined the critical duration of developmental CPF exposure for causing persisting neurobehavioral effects. Tests of sensorimotor response (tap startle response and habituation), stress response (novel tank diving test) and learning (3-chamber tank spatial discrimination) were conducted with adult zebrafish after early developmental CPF exposure. The CPF exposure level was 100 ng/ml with durations of 0-1, 0-2, 0-3, 0-4 and 0-5 days after fertilization. Developmental CPF exposure had persisting behavioral effects in zebrafish tested as adults. In the tactile startle test, CPF exposed fish showed decreased habituation to startle and a trend toward increased overall startle response. In the novel tank exploration test, exposed fish showed decreased escape diving response and increased swimming activity. In the 3-chamber learning test, the 0-5 day CPF exposure group had a significantly lower learning rate. There was evidence for persisting declines in brain dopamine and norepinepherine levels after developmental CPF exposure. In all of the measures the clearest persistent effects were seen in fish exposed for the full duration of five days after fertilization. In a follow-up experiment there were some indications for persisting behavioral effects after exposure during only the later phase of this developmental window. This study demonstrated the selective long-term neurobehavioral alterations caused by exposure to CPF in zebrafish. The zebrafish model can facilitate the determination of the molecular mechanisms underlying long-term neurobehavioral impairment after developmental toxicant exposure.
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Yang D, Lauridsen H, Buels K, Chi LH, La Du J, Bruun DA, Olson JR, Tanguay RL, Lein PJ. Chlorpyrifos-oxon disrupts zebrafish axonal growth and motor behavior. Toxicol Sci 2011; 121:146-59. [PMID: 21346248 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal morphology is a critical determinant of neuronal connectivity, and perturbation of the rate or extent of axonal growth during development has been linked to neurobehavioral deficits in animal models and humans. We previously demonstrated that the organophosphorus pesticide (OP) chlorpyrifos (CPF) inhibits axonal growth in cultured neurons. In this study, we used a zebrafish model to determine whether CPF, its oxon metabolite (CPFO), or the excreted metabolite trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) alter spatiotemporal patterns of axonal growth in vivo. Static waterborne exposure to CPFO, but not CPF or TCPy, at concentrations ≥ 0.03 μM from 24- to 72-h post fertilization significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase, and high-performance liquid chromatography detected significantly more TCPy in zebrafish exposed to 0.1 μM CPFO versus 1.0 μM CPF. These data suggest that zebrafish lack the metabolic enzymes to activate CPF during these early developmental stages. Consistent with this, CPFO, but not CPF, significantly inhibited axonal growth of sensory neurons, primary motoneurons, and secondary motoneurons at concentrations ≥ 0.1 μM. Secondary motoneurons were the most sensitive to axonal growth inhibition by CPFO, which was observed at concentrations that did not cause mortality, gross developmental defects, or aberrant somatic muscle differentiation. CPFO effects on axonal growth correlated with adverse effects on touch-induced swimming behavior, suggesting the functional relevance of these structural changes. These data suggest that altered patterns of neuronal connectivity contribute to the developmental neurotoxicity of CPF and demonstrate the relevance of zebrafish as a model for studying OP developmental neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongren Yang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA
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