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Basu T, Sehar U, Malhotra K, Culberson J, Khan H, Morton H, Orlov E, Brownell M, Reddy PH. Healthy brain aging and delayed dementia in Texas rural elderly. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102047. [PMID: 37652312 PMCID: PMC10843417 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Healthy aging is the process of preserving and enhancing one's independence, physical and mental well-being, and overall quality of life. It involves the mental, emotional, and cognitive wellness. Although biological and genetic factors have a significant influence on the process of aging gracefully, other adjustable factors also play a crucial role. Adopting positive behaviors such as maintaining a nutritious and balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, effectively managing stress and anxiety, ensuring sufficient sleep, nurturing spiritual coping mechanisms, and prioritizing overall well-being from an early stage can collectively influence both lifespan and the quality of health during advanced years. We aim to explore the potential impacts of biological, psychosocial, and environmental factors on the process of healthy cognitive aging in individuals who exhibit healthy aging. Additionally, we plan to present initial findings that demonstrate how maintaining good cognitive health during aging could potentially postpone the emergence of neurodegenerative disorders. We hypothesize that there will be strong associations between biological, environmental, and social factors that cause some elderly to be superior in cognitive health than others. For preliminary data collection, we recruited 25 cognitively healthy individuals and 5 individuals with MCI/AD between the ages of 60-90 years. We conducted anthropometric measurements, and blood biomarker testing, administered surveys, and obtained structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores and sub-scores for the healthy group were also reported. We found that at baseline, individuals exhibiting healthy cognitive aging, and those with MCI/AD had comparable measures of anthropometrics and blood biomarkers. The healthy group exhibited lower signs of brain volume loss and the ones observed were age-related. Moreover, within the healthy group, there was a significant correlation (p = 0.003) between age and MoCA scores. Conversely, within the individuals with MCI/AD, the MRI scans showed disease signs of grey and white matter and loss of cerebral volume. Healthy brain aging is a scientific area that remains under-explored. Our current study findings support our hypothesis. Future studies are required in diverse populations to determine the various biological, psychological, environmental, lifestyle, and social factors that contribute to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanisha Basu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Keya Malhotra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Grace Clinic, Covenant Health System, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - John Culberson
- Department of Family Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Hafiz Khan
- Public Health Department, School of Population and Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Hallie Morton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Erika Orlov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Malcolm Brownell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Public Health Department, School of Population and Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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Santana AB, Spelta LEW, Sobalvarro JVM, Podestá MHMC, Garcia RCT, Dos Reis TM, Torres LH. Gestational lead exposure and its effects on fetal/infant development - A systematic review. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 117:108342. [PMID: 36758879 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Studies suggest that gestational exposure to lead (Pb) is related to spontaneous abortions, preterm birth, lower infant birth weight and length, and neurological dysfunctions. However, the evidence about its effects during pregnancy exposure on fetal and child development is still poor. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to verify the association between prenatal exposure to Pb and the occurrence of neurobehavioral deficits, miscarriages, and child mortality. Observational studies with pregnant women exposed to Pb during pregnancy were included, without gender or ethnicity restrictions. The MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS databases were searched. The reading of titles and abstracts was conducted, followed by reading in full format and data extraction, that were performed independently by two reviewers. The included studies were evaluated by Downs and Black tool and qualitatively synthesized. Certainty of evidence was assessed by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE). The study protocol was registered with the Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42022296750). Among twenty-one studies included, sixteen were classified as prospective cohort, two case-control, one nested case-control, one cohort, and one longitudinal study. No study that evaluated child mortality associated with gestational Pb exposure was found. There is a very low certainty of evidence in the association of gestational Pb exposure and neurobehavioral deficits or miscarriages. This systematic review reflects the poor evidence and the challenges of human toxicology studies, since it was not possible to associate gestational Pb exposure to neurobehavioral deficits, miscarriages, and child mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Brandão Santana
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | - Lídia Emmanuela Wiazowski Spelta
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Joselin Valeska Martinez Sobalvarro
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil; Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Mayor Lothário Meissner, 623, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba 80210-170, PR, Brazil
| | - Márcia Helena Miranda Cardoso Podestá
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | - Raphael Caio Tamborelli Garcia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marques Dos Reis
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | - Larissa Helena Torres
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil.
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Trujillo-Vázquez SK, Gaona-Domínguez S, Villeda-González JD, Librado-Osorio R, Luna-López A, Bonilla-González E, Valencia-Quintana PR, Gómez-Olivares JL. Oxidative stress in the ovaries of mice chronically exposed to a low lead concentration: A generational approach. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 115:40-48. [PMID: 36473649 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal that alters the oxidation-reduction balance, affecting reproductive health and transfer during pregnancy and lactation. However, the multigenerational impact of exposure to low concentrations of Pb on mammalian ovaries has not been assessed. This study evaluated general parameters, histology, redox state (RS), protein carbonylation (PC), lipid peroxidation (LP), and hormone concentrations in the ovaries of mice (CD1® ICR) of three successive generations with both unigenerational (E1) and multigenerational (E2) exposure to 0.2 ppm lead acetate through the drinking water and a control group. Body weight, food consumption, the number of born pups, and their weight after weaning were not significantly affected by Pb exposure in E1 and E2. However, the ovaries of three successive generations of the E1 group, in which only the F0 was exposed, showed alterations in the ovarian histoarchitecture, increase in follicular atresia, decrease in the number of available follicles, and a significant RS and PC elevation that were surprisingly similar to those observed in the E2 group. LP increased in the second generation of E1 and E2, while hormone concentration was not altered. This is the first demonstration that exposure to low concentration of Pb induces multigenerational histological alterations and oxidative stress in mouse ovaries, that the termination of this exposure does not ensure the safety of later generations and that the lack of modifications in general parameters may facilitate the silent development of pathologies that affect ovarian health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Trujillo-Vázquez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México.
| | - S Gaona-Domínguez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) Campus sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J D Villeda-González
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Librado-Osorio
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Luna-López
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Bonilla-González
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - P R Valencia-Quintana
- Laboratorio "Rafael Villalobos Petrini" de Toxicología Genómica y Química Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - J L Gómez-Olivares
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
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Sehar U, Rawat P, Choudhury M, Boles A, Culberson J, Khan H, Malhotra K, Basu T, Reddy PH. Comprehensive Understanding of Hispanic Caregivers: Focus on Innovative Methods and Validations. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/adr-220094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Alzheimer’s disease-related disorders (ADRD) are late-onset, age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by memory loss and multiple cognitive impairments. Current research indicates that Hispanic Americans are at an increased risk for AD/ADRD and other chronic conditions such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and kidney disease, and given their rapid growth in numbers, this may contribute to a greater incidence of these disorders. This is particularly true for the state of Texas, where Hispanics are the largest group of ethnic minorities. Currently, AD/ADRD patients are taken care by family caregivers, which puts a tremendous burden on family caregivers who are usually older themselves. The management of disease and providing necessary/timely support for patients with AD/ADRD is a challenging task. Family caregivers support these individuals in completing basic physical needs, maintaining a safe living environment, and providing necessary planning for healthcare needs and end-of-life decisions for the remainder of the patient’s lifetime. Family caregivers are mostly over 50 years of age and provide all-day care for individuals with AD/ADRD, while also managing their health. This takes a significant toll on the caregiver’s own physiological, mental, behavioral, and social health, in addition to low economic status. The purpose of our article is to assess the status of Hispanic caregivers. We also focused on effective interventions for family caregivers of persons with AD/ADRD involving both educational and psychotherapeutic components, and a group format further enhances effectiveness. Our article discusses innovative methods and validations to support Hispanic family caregivers in rural West Texas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Priyanka Rawat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Moumita Choudhury
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - John Culberson
- Department of Family Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hafiz Khan
- Department of Public Health, School of Population and Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Keya Malhotra
- Hendrick Health System, Grace Clinic, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Tanisha Basu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Public Health, School of Population and Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Hendrick Health System, Grace Clinic, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Verdikt R, Armstrong AA, Allard P. Transgenerational inheritance and its modulation by environmental cues. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 152:31-76. [PMID: 36707214 PMCID: PMC9940302 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The epigenome plays an important role in shaping phenotypes. However, whether the environment can alter an organism's phenotype across several generations through epigenetic remodeling in the germline is still a highly debated topic. In this chapter, we briefly review the mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance and their connection with germline development before highlighting specific developmental windows of susceptibility to environmental cues. We further discuss the evidence of transgenerational inheritance to a range of different environmental cues, both epidemiological in humans and experimental in rodent models. Doing so, we pinpoint the current challenges in demonstrating transgenerational inheritance to environmental cues and offer insight in how recent technological advances may help deciphering the epigenetic mechanisms at play. Together, we draw a detailed picture of how our environment can influence our epigenomes, ultimately reshaping our phenotypes, in an extended theory of inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Verdikt
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Abigail A Armstrong
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Patrick Allard
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Wen Q, Verheijen M, Wittens MMJ, Czuryło J, Engelborghs S, Hauser D, van Herwijnen MHM, Lundh T, Bergdahl IA, Kyrtopoulos SA, de Kok TM, Smeets HJM, Briedé JJ, Krauskopf J. Lead-exposure associated miRNAs in humans and Alzheimer’s disease as potential biomarkers of the disease and disease processes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15966. [PMID: 36153426 PMCID: PMC9509380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that eventually affects memory and behavior. The identification of biomarkers based on risk factors for AD provides insight into the disease since the exact cause of AD remains unknown. Several studies have proposed microRNAs (miRNAs) in blood as potential biomarkers for AD. Exposure to heavy metals is a potential risk factor for onset and development of AD. Blood cells of subjects that are exposed to lead detected in the circulatory system, potentially reflect molecular responses to this exposure that are similar to the response of neurons. In this study we analyzed blood cell-derived miRNAs derived from a general population as proxies of potentially AD-related mechanisms triggered by lead exposure. Subsequently, we analyzed these mechanisms in the brain tissue of AD subjects and controls. A total of four miRNAs were identified as lead exposure-associated with hsa-miR-3651, hsa-miR-150-5p and hsa-miR-664b-3p being negatively and hsa-miR-627 positively associated. In human brain derived from AD and AD control subjects all four miRNAs were detected. Moreover, two miRNAs (miR-3651, miR-664b-3p) showed significant differential expression in AD brains versus controls, in accordance with the change direction of lead exposure. The miRNAs’ gene targets were validated for expression in the human brain and were found enriched in AD-relevant pathways such as axon guidance. Moreover, we identified several AD relevant transcription factors such as CREB1 associated with the identified miRNAs. These findings suggest that the identified miRNAs are involved in the development of AD and might be useful in the development of new, less invasive biomarkers for monitoring of novel therapies or of processes involved in AD development.
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McLaren SJ, Sahli MW, Selig S, Masten SJ, Page WH. The drinking water crises of Flint and Havelock North: a failure of public health risk management. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2022; 20:1314-1328. [PMID: 36170188 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Between 2014 and 2016, there were two severe community water system (CWS) failures in Flint, Michigan (MI), USA and Havelock North, Hawkes Bay, New Zealand. These events had profound implications for public health in their respective countries. While the nature of both crises was different, certain aspects of the failings were strikingly similar. These included: failure of authorities to protect the integrity of their source water, 'wait-and-see approach' to address problems if and when they occurred, negligent approach to regulatory oversight and responsibility, substandard facilities and lack of knowledge and training of staff, failure of consultants and advisory services engaged by suppliers, and failure of government agencies to enforce regulations. The lessons from both incidents must be learned, or similar tragic events are likely to reoccur. The six principles identified in the Government Inquiry into the Havelock North outbreak are an essential first step. The next step is to implement them throughout the drinking water sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J McLaren
- College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - M W Sahli
- Department of Public Health and Health Sciences, Coolege of Health Sciences, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI, USA
| | - S Selig
- Department of Public Health and Health Sciences, Coolege of Health Sciences, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI, USA
| | - S J Masten
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA E-mail:
| | - W H Page
- College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
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Lahiri DK, Maloney B, Song W, Sokol DK. Crossing the "Birth Border" for Epigenetic Effects. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:e21-e23. [PMID: 35248366 PMCID: PMC9514510 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debomoy K Lahiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Bryan Maloney
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Weihong Song
- Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deborah K Sokol
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Kastury F, Tang W, Herde C, Noerpel MR, Scheckel KG, Juhasz AL. Plumbojarosite formation in contaminated soil to mitigate childhood exposure to lead, arsenic and antimony. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126312. [PMID: 34329036 PMCID: PMC9619228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel method for lead (Pb) immobilization was developed in contaminated soils using iron (III) (Fe3+) in conjunction with 0.05 M H2SO4. During method optimization, a range of microwave treatment times, solid to solution ratios, and Fe2(SO4)3/H2SO4 concentrations were assessed using a mining/smelting impacted soil (BHK2, Pb: 3031 mg/kg), followed by treatment of additional Pb contaminated soils (PP, Pb: 1506 mg/kg, G10, Pb: 2454 mg/kg and SoFC-1, Pb: 6340 mg/kg) using the optimized method. Pb bioaccessibility was assessed using USEPA Method 1340, with Pb speciation determined by X-ray Absorption (XAS) spectroscopy. Treatment efficacy was also validated using an in vivo mouse assay, where Pb accumulation in femur, kidney and liver was assessed to confirm in vitro bioaccessibility outcomes. Results showed that Pb bioaccessibility could be reduced by 77.4-97.0% following treatment of soil with Fe2(SO4)3 (0.4-1.0 M), H2SO4 (0.05 M) at 150 °C for 60 min in a closed microwave system. Results of bioavailability assessment demonstrated treatment effect ratio of 0.06-0.07 in femur, 0.06-0.27 in kidney and 0.06-0.11 in liver (bioavailability reduction between 73% and 93%). Formation of plumbojarosite in treated soils was confirmed by XAS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Kastury
- University of South Australia, Future Industries Institute, SA, Australia.
| | - Wayne Tang
- University of South Australia, Future Industries Institute, SA, Australia
| | - Carina Herde
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Matt R Noerpel
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Land Remediation and Technology Division, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kirk G Scheckel
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Land Remediation and Technology Division, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Albert L Juhasz
- University of South Australia, Future Industries Institute, SA, Australia
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Shiek SS, Mani MS, Kabekkodu SP, Dsouza HS. Health repercussions of environmental exposure to lead: Methylation perspective. Toxicology 2021; 461:152927. [PMID: 34492314 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure has been a major public health concern for a long time now due to its permanent adverse effects on the human body. The process of lead toxicity has still not been fully understood, but recent advances in Omics technology have enabled researchers to evaluate lead-mediated alterations at the epigenome-wide level. DNA methylation is one of the widely studied and well-understood epigenetic modifications. Pb has demonstrated its ability to induce not just acute deleterious health consequences but also alters the epi-genome such that the disease manifestation happens much later in life as supported by Barkers Hypothesis of the developmental origin of health and diseases. Furthermore, these alterations are passed on to the next generation. Based on previous in-vivo, in-vitro, and human studies, this review provides an insight into the role of Pb in the development of several human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya Sadiq Shiek
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Monica Shirley Mani
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Herman S Dsouza
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Berríos-Cartagena N, Rubio-Dávila MM, Rivera-Delgado I, Feliciano-Bonilla MM, De Cardona-Juliá EA, Ortiz JG. Effects of Zinc, Mercury, or Lead on [ 3H]MK-801 and [ 3H]Fluorowillardiine Binding to Rat Synaptic Membranes. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:3159-3165. [PMID: 34370167 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) is considered the most important excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter in the mammalian Central Nervous System. Zinc (Zn) is co-released with Glu during synaptic transmission and interacts with Glutamate receptors and transporters. We performed binding experiments using [3H]MK-801 (NMDA), and [3H]Fluorowillardine (AMPA) as ligands to study Zn-Glutamate interactions in rat cortical synaptic membranes. We also examined the effects of mercury and lead on NMDA or AMPA receptors. Zinc at 1 nM, significantly potentiates [3H]MK-801 binding. Lead inhibits [3H]MK-801 binding at micromolar concentrations. At millimolar concentrations, Hg also has a significant inhibitory effect. These effects are not reversed by Zn (1 nM). Zinc displaces the [3H]FW binding curve to the right. Lead (nM) and Hg (μM) inhibit [3H]FW binding. At certain concentrations, Zn reverses the effects of these metals on [3H]FW binding. These specific interactions serve to clarify the role of Zn, Hg, and Pb in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Berríos-Cartagena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - M M Rubio-Dávila
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - I Rivera-Delgado
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - M M Feliciano-Bonilla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - E A De Cardona-Juliá
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - J G Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico.
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Eiró LG, Ferreira MKM, Frazão DR, Aragão WAB, Souza-Rodrigues RD, Fagundes NCF, Maia LC, Lima RR. Lead exposure and its association with neurological damage: systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:37001-37015. [PMID: 34046839 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most toxic and abundant elements in the earth's crust, which is pointed out that the intoxication caused by it may damage biological systems. This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between Pb exposure and neurological damage. This work was executed according to PRISMA guidelines, and seven online databases were consulted. Based on the PECO strategy, studies presenting humans as participants (populations) exposed to Pb (exposure) compared to non-exposed to Pb (control) evaluating the neurological impairment (outcome) were included. The quality and risk of bias were verified by Fowkes and Fulton checklist. Two meta-analyses were conducted considering Digit Symbol and Profile Mood tests. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated with the GRADE tool. This review identified 2019 studies, of which 12 were eligible according to the inclusion criteria. Eight were considered with a low risk of bias. All the studies elected showed that exposure to Pb is associated with neurological damage, but the meta-analysis did not show any difference for the evaluated tests, and the certainty of the evidence was considered very low. Nevertheless, the included studies showed that Pb occupational exposure is associated with neurological damage, and the main parameters evaluated for possible neurological damage were related to mnemonic aspects, reaction time, intelligence, attention disorders, and mood changes. Thus, our results revealed that a definitive demonstration of an association of Pb and neurological changes in humans is still a pending issue. Future studies should take into consideration more confident methods to answer this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Guimarães Eiró
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 01 Augusto Correa Street, Guama, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Maria Karolina Martins Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 01 Augusto Correa Street, Guama, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Déborah Ribeiro Frazão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 01 Augusto Correa Street, Guama, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 01 Augusto Correa Street, Guama, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Renata Duarte Souza-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 01 Augusto Correa Street, Guama, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 01 Augusto Correa Street, Guama, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
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(Ascorb)ing Pb Neurotoxicity in the Developing Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121311. [PMID: 33371438 PMCID: PMC7767447 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) neurotoxicity is a major concern, particularly in children. Developmental exposure to Pb can alter neurodevelopmental trajectory and has permanent neuropathological consequences, including an increased vulnerability to further stressors. Ascorbic acid is among most researched antioxidant nutrients and has a special role in maintaining redox homeostasis in physiological and physio-pathological brain states. Furthermore, because of its capacity to chelate metal ions, ascorbic acid may particularly serve as a potent therapeutic agent in Pb poisoning. The present review first discusses the major consequences of Pb exposure in children and then proceeds to present evidence from human and animal studies for ascorbic acid as an efficient ameliorative supplemental nutrient in Pb poisoning, with a particular focus on developmental Pb neurotoxicity. In doing so, it is hoped that there is a revitalization for further research on understanding the brain functions of this essential, safe, and readily available vitamin in physiological states, as well to justify and establish it as an effective neuroprotective and modulatory factor in the pathologies of the nervous system, including developmental neuropathologies.
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Ahamed M, Akhtar MJ, Khan MAM. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Attenuate Cytotoxic and Oxidative Stress Response of Pb in Human Lung Epithelial (A549) Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8221. [PMID: 33172159 PMCID: PMC7664418 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Combined exposure of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and trace metal lead (Pb) in ambient air is unavoidable. Most of the previous studies on the toxicity of SWCNTs and Pb have been conducted individually. There is a scarcity of information on the combined toxicity of SWCNTs and Pb in human cells. This work was designed to explore the combined effects of SWCNTs and Pb in human lung epithelial (A549) cells. SWCNTs were prepared through the plasma-enhanced vapor deposition technique. Prepared SWCNTs were characterized by x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. We observed that SWCNTs up to a concentration of 100 µg/mL was safe, while Pb induced dose-dependent (5-100 µg/mL) cytotoxicity in A549 cells. Importantly, cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial membrane potential depletion, lipid peroxidation, and induction of caspase-3 and -9 enzymes following Pb exposure (50 µg/mL for 24 h) were efficiently attenuated by the co-exposure of SWCNTs (10 µg/mL for 24 h). Furthermore, generation of Pb-induced pro-oxidants (reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide) and the reduction of antioxidants (antioxidant enzymes and glutathione) were also mitigated by the co-exposure of SWCNTs. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry results suggest that the adsorption of Pb on the surface of SWCNTs could attenuate the bioavailability and toxicity of Pb in A549 cells. Our data warrant further research on the combined effects of SWCNTs and Pb in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqusood Ahamed
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (M.A.M.K.)
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15
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Iron-responsive-like elements and neurodegenerative ferroptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:395-413. [PMID: 32817306 PMCID: PMC7433652 DOI: 10.1101/lm.052282.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A set of common-acting iron-responsive 5′untranslated region (5′UTR) motifs can fold into RNA stem loops that appear significant to the biology of cognitive declines of Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), Lewy body dementia (LDD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurodegenerative diseases exhibit perturbations of iron homeostasis in defined brain subregions over characteristic time intervals of progression. While misfolding of Aβ from the amyloid-precursor-protein (APP), alpha-synuclein, prion protein (PrP) each cause neuropathic protein inclusions in the brain subregions, iron-responsive-like element (IRE-like) RNA stem–loops reside in their transcripts. APP and αsyn have a role in iron transport while gene duplications elevate the expression of their products to cause rare familial cases of AD and PDD. Of note, IRE-like sequences are responsive to excesses of brain iron in a potential feedback loop to accelerate neuronal ferroptosis and cognitive declines as well as amyloidosis. This pathogenic feedback is consistent with the translational control of the iron storage protein ferritin. We discuss how the IRE-like RNA motifs in the 5′UTRs of APP, alpha-synuclein and PrP mRNAs represent uniquely folded drug targets for therapies to prevent perturbed iron homeostasis that accelerates AD, PD, PD dementia (PDD) and Lewy body dementia, thus preventing cognitive deficits. Inhibition of alpha-synuclein translation is an option to block manganese toxicity associated with early childhood cognitive problems and manganism while Pb toxicity is epigenetically associated with attention deficit and later-stage AD. Pathologies of heavy metal toxicity centered on an embargo of iron export may be treated with activators of APP and ferritin and inhibitors of alpha-synuclein translation.
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A Colorimetric Aptamer Sensor Based on the Enhanced Peroxidase Activity of Functionalized Graphene/Fe3O4-AuNPs for Detection of Lead (II) Ions. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (II) is regarded as one of the most hazardous heavy metals, and lead contamination has a serious impact on food chains, human health, and the environment. Herein, a colorimetric aptasensor based on the graphene/Fe3O4-AuNPs composites with enhanced peroxidase-like activity has been developed to monitor lead ions (Pb2+). In short, graphene/Fe3O4-AuNPs were fabricated and acted as an enzyme mimetic, so the color change could be observed by chromogenic reaction. The aptamer of Pb2+ was decorated on the surface of the amine magnetic beads by streptavidin–biotin interaction, and the complementary strands of the aptamer and target Pb2+ competed for the binding Pb2+ aptamer. In the presence of Pb2+, aptamers bonded the metal ions and were removed from the system by magnetic separation; the free cDNA was adsorbed onto the surface of the graphene/Fe3O4-AuNPs composites, thus inhibiting the catalytic activity and the color reaction. The absorbance of the reaction solution at 652 nm had a clear linear correlation with the Pb2+ concentration in the range of 1–300 ng/mL, and the limit of detection was 0.63 ng/mL. This assay is simple and convenient in operation, has good selectivity, and has been used to test tap water samples, which proves that it is capable for the routine monitoring of Pb2+.
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da Silva DRF, Bittencourt LO, Aragão WAB, Nascimento PC, Leão LKR, Oliveira ACA, Crespo-López ME, Lima RR. Long-term exposure to lead reduces antioxidant capacity and triggers motor neurons degeneration and demyelination in spinal cord of adult rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110358. [PMID: 32151863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a toxic metal found in environment with great neurotoxic potential. The main effect is associated with impairments in hippocampus and cerebellum, driving to cognitive and motor dysfunctions, however, there is a lack of evidences about the effects over the spinal cord. In this way, we aimed to investigate in vivo the effects of long-term exposure to lead acetate in oxidative biochemistry and morphology of rats' spinal cord. For this, 36 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into the group exposed to 50 mg/kg of lead acetate and control group, which received only distilled water, both groups through intragastric gavage, for 55 days. After the exposure period, the animals were euthanized and the spinal cords were collected to perform the analyses of lead levels quantification, oxidative biochemistry evaluation by levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrites and the antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP). Besides, morphological evaluation with quantitative analysis of mature and motor neurons and reactivity to myelin basic protein (MBP). Our results showed high levels of lead in spinal cord after long-term exposure; there was a reduction on ACAP level; however, there was no difference observed in MDA and nitrite levels. Moreover, there was a reduction of mature and motor neurons in all three regions, and a reduction of immunolabeling of MBP in the thoracic and lumbar segments. Therefore, we conclude that long-term exposure to lead is able of increasing the levels of the metal in spinal cord, affecting the antioxidant capacity and inducing morphological impairments in spinal cord parenchyma. Our results also suggest that the tissue impairments triggered by lead may be resultant from others molecular mechanisms besides the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannilo Roberto Ferreira da Silva
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, State of Pará, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, State of Pará, Brazil
| | - Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, State of Pará, Brazil
| | - Priscila Cunha Nascimento
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, State of Pará, Brazil
| | - Luana Ketlen Reis Leão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, State of Pará, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Alves Oliveira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, State of Pará, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-López
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, State of Pará, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, State of Pará, Brazil.
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Ahamed M, Akhtar MJ, Khan MAM, Alhadlaq HA. Alleviating effects of reduced graphene oxide against lead-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human alveolar epithelial (A549) cells. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1228-1238. [PMID: 32220024 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Broad application of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and ubiquitous lead (Pb) pollution may increase the possibility of combined exposure of humans. Information on the combined effects of rGO and Pb in human cells is scarce. This work was designed to explore the potential effects of rGO on Pb-induced toxicity in human alveolar epithelial (A549) cells. Prepared rGO was polycrystalline in nature. The formation of a few layers of visible creases and silky morphology due to high aspect ratio was confirmed. Low level (25 μg/mL) of rGO was not toxic to A549 cells. However, Pb exposure (25 μg/mL) induced cell viability reduction, lactate dehydrogenase enzyme leakage with rounded morphology in A549 cells. Remarkably, Pb-induced cytotoxicity was significantly mitigated by rGO co-exposure. Pb-induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss, cell cycle arrest and higher activity of caspase-3 and -9 enzymes were also alleviated by rGO co-exposure. Moreover, we observed that Pb exposure causes generation of pro-oxidants (e.g., reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation) and antioxidant depletion (e.g., glutathione and antioxidant enzymes). In addition, the effects of Pb on pro-oxidant and antioxidant markers were significantly reverted by GO co-exposure. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry suggested that due to the adsorption of Pb on rGO sheets, accessibility of Pb ions for A549 cells was limited. Hence, rGO reduced the toxicity of Pb in A549 cells. This research warrants further study to work on detailed underlying mechanisms of the mitigating effects of rGO against Pb-induced toxicity on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqusood Ahamed
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Javed Akhtar
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Majeed Khan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham A Alhadlaq
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Manivannan B, Yegambaram M, Supowit S, Beach TG, Halden RU. Assessment of Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic Organic Environmental Pollutants in Liver and Adipose Tissue of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients and Age-matched Controls. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:1039-1049. [DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666191010114744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Lifetime exposure to environmental (neuro) toxicants may contribute to the
pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Since many contaminants do not cross the blood-brain
barrier, brain tissue alone cannot serve to assess the spectrum of environmental exposures.
Methods:
We used liquid and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to monitor, in postmortem
liver and adipose tissues of AD patients and age-matched controls, the occurrence and
concentrations of 11 environmental contaminants.
Results:
Seven toxicants were detected at 100% frequency: p,p'-DDE, dieldrin, triclosan,
methylparaben, bisphenol A, fipronil and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Intra-individual, tissuedependent
differences were detected for triclosan, methylparaben, fipronil and TBBPA. High
concentrations of p,p’-DDE and dieldrin were observed in adipose tissue when compared to liver values
for both AD cases and controls.
Conclusion:
This study provides vital data on organ-specific human body burdens to select analytes and
demonstrate the feasibility of analyzing small sample quantities for toxicants suspected to constitute AD
risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyashree Manivannan
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Manivannan Yegambaram
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Samuel Supowit
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Thomas G. Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ-85287, United States
| | - Rolf U. Halden
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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