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Zhang L, Hu Z, Yang L, Liu T, Xun J, Zhang Q, Wang X, Gao H, Jin Z. Saikosaponin a promotes neutrophil extracellular trap formation and bactericidal activity. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38635418 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2343918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of SSa, one of the major triterpenoid saponins extracted from Radix bupleuri, on neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and the mechanism associated with this process. Using Sytox green and immunofluorescence assays, we found SSa rapidly induced NET formation, which depended on NADPH oxidase (NOX)-independent ROS production and autophagy. Pharmacologic inhibitor studies indicated that ERK and PI3K/AKT signalling were also required for SSa-induced NET formation, whereas protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) was not required. Furthermore, we found that SSa promoted neutrophil bactericidal activity mainly through NET formation. Based on flow cytometry and the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, the results demonstrated that SSa-induced NET formation occurred without neutrophil death. Taken together, these findings indicated that SSa could be a potential natural product to boost innate immune defense against pathogen attack via NET formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqiu Zhang
- Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengwei Hu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Xun
- Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ximo Wang
- Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hejun Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongkui Jin
- Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Guo J, Zhang J, Liu Q, Yang N, Huang Y, Hu T, Rao C. Research progress on components and mechanisms of neurotoxicity induced by traditional Chinese medicine. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:338-349. [PMID: 36148542 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, the safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has received widespread attention, especially the central nervous system-related adverse reactions. Indeed, the complexity of TCM has limited the widespread application of TCM. The article summarizes the main components associated with neurotoxicity, including alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, saponins, proteins, and heavy metals, by reviewing the literature on the neurotoxicity of TCM. It has been established that the neurotoxicity mechanisms mainly include mitochondrial damage, oxidative damage, inhibition of cell proliferation (including transcriptional and DNA damage), changes in cell membrane permeability, and apoptosis. By reviewing the latest literature, this paper provides the foothold for follow-up studies and can assist clinicians in preventing neurotoxicity via rational and safe TCM drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Guo
- R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica With Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica With Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuyan Liu
- R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica With Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nannan Yang
- R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica With Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Huang
- R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica With Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica With Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaolong Rao
- R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica With Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Wang HL, Li R, Zhao M, Wang ZY, Tang H, Cao ZY, Zheng GL, Zhang W. A Drimane Meroterpenoid Borate as a Synchronous Ca + Oscillation Inhibitor from the Coral-Associated Fungus Alternaria sp. ZH-15. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:429-433. [PMID: 36729068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Territrem F (1), a drimane meroterpenoid bearing a unique borate ring system, was isolated together with its diol precursor territrem B (2) from the fungus Alternaria sp. ZH-15 associated with the soft coral Lobophytum crassum collected in the South China Sea. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and an X-ray single-crystal diffraction study, representing a new type of boron-containing natural product. Both compounds significantly inhibited spontaneous synchronous Ca2+ oscillations (SCOs) and epileptic discharges induced by 4-aminopyridine, showing the potential for antiepileptic drug research. The 5,9-boronic ester derivative of 2 did not change its SCO inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Li
- School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Si-Ping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng-Yiyi Wang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Si-Ping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Tang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Zhong-Yang Road, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Liang Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong-Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Si-Ping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
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Zheng J, Antrobus S, Feng W, Purdy TN, Moore BS, Pessah IN. Marine and Anthropogenic Bromopyrroles Alter Cellular Ca 2+ Dynamics of Murine Cortical Neuronal Networks by Targeting the Ryanodine Receptor and Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16023-16033. [PMID: 34788016 PMCID: PMC8813095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bromopyrroles (BrPyr) are synthesized naturally by marine sponge symbionts and produced anthropogenically as byproducts of wastewater treatment. BrPyr interact with ryanodine receptors (RYRs) and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). Influences of BrPyr on the neuronal network activity remain uncharted. BrPyr analogues with differing spectra of RYR/SERCA activities were tested using RYR-null or RYR1-expressing HEK293 and murine cortical neuronal/glial cocultures (NGCs) loaded with Fluo-4 to elucidate their mechanisms altering Ca2+ dynamics. The NGC electrical spike activity (ESA) was measured from NGCs plated on multielectrode arrays. Nanomolar tetrabromopyrrole (TBP, 1) potentiated caffeine-triggered Ca2+ release independent of extracellular [Ca2+] in RYR1-HEK293, whereas higher concentrations produce slow and sustained rise in cytoplasmic [Ca2+] independent of RYR1 expression. TBP, 2,3,5-tribromopyrrole (2), pyrrole (3), 2,3,4-tribromopyrrole (4), and ethyl 4-bromopyrrole-2-carboxylate (5) added acutely to NGC showed differential potency; rank order TBP (IC50 ≈ 220 nM) > 2 ≫ 5, whereas 3 and 4 were inactive at 10 μM. TBP >2 μM elicited sustained elevation of cytoplasmic [Ca2+] and loss of neuronal viability. TBP did not alter network ESA. BrPyr from marine and anthropogenic sources are ecological signaling molecules and emerging anthropogenic pollutants of concern to environmental and human health that potently alter ER Ca2+ dynamics and warrant further investigation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Shane Antrobus
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Trevor N Purdy
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Isaac N Pessah
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Zhou P, Shi W, He XY, Du QY, Wang F, Guo J. Saikosaponin D: review on the antitumour effects, toxicity and pharmacokinetics. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1480-1489. [PMID: 34714209 PMCID: PMC8567945 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1992448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bupleuri Radix, the dried root of Bupleurum chinense DC and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd (Apiaceae), is an important medicinal herb widely used to treat cancers for hundreds of years in Asian countries. As the most antitumour component but also the main toxic component in Bupleuri Radix, saikosaponin D (SSD) has attracted extensive attention. However, no summary studies have been reported on the antitumour effects, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of this potential natural anticancer substance. OBJECTIVE To analyse and summarise the existing findings regarding to the antitumour effects, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of SSD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected relevant information published before April 2021 by conducting a search of literature available in various online databases including PubMed, Science Direct, CNKI, Wanfang database and the Chinese Biological Medicine Database. Bupleurum, Bupleuri Radix, saikosaponin, saikosaponin D, tumour, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics were used as the keywords. RESULTS The antitumour effects of SSD were multi-targeted and can be realised through various mechanisms, including inhibition of proliferation, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, as well as induction of cell apoptosis, autophagy, and differentiation. The toxicological effects of SSD mainly included hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, haemolysis and cardiotoxicity. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that SSD had the potential to alter the pharmacokinetics of some drugs for its influence on CYPs and P-gp, and the oral bioavailability and actual pharmacodynamic substances in vivo of SSD are still controversial. CONCLUSIONS SSD is a potentially effective and relatively safe natural antitumour substance, but more research is needed, especially in vivo antitumour effects and pharmacokinetics of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Zhou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yan He
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan-Yu Du
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- CONTACT Fei Wang Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu610072, P.R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Jing Guo Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu610072, P.R. China
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Peng GY, Kurtán T, Mándi A, He J, Cao ZY, Tang H, Mao SC, Zhang W. Neuronal Modulators from the Coral-Associated Fungi Aspergillus candidus. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19050281. [PMID: 34069724 PMCID: PMC8161303 DOI: 10.3390/md19050281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new p-terphenyl derivatives, named 4″-O-methyl-prenylterphenyllin B (1) and phenylcandilide A and B (17 and 18), and three new indole-diterpene alkaloids, asperindoles E-G (22-24), were isolated together with eighteen known analogues from the fungi Aspergillus candidus associated with the South China Sea gorgonian Junceela fragillis. The structures and absolute configurations of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, and DFT/NMR and TDDFT/ECD calculations. In a primary cultured cortical neuronal network, the compounds 6, 9, 14, 17, 18 and 24 modulated spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations and 4-aminopyridine hyperexcited neuronal activity. A preliminary structure-activity relationship was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Yang Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China;
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1239 Si-Ping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, 325 Guo-He Rd., Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long-Mian Ave., Nanjing 211198, China; (J.H.); (Z.-Y.C.)
| | - Zheng-Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long-Mian Ave., Nanjing 211198, China; (J.H.); (Z.-Y.C.)
| | - Hua Tang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China;
| | - Shui-Chun Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China;
- Correspondence: (S.-C.M.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1239 Si-Ping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, 325 Guo-He Rd., Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence: (S.-C.M.); (W.Z.)
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7
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Koganezawa N, Sekino Y, Kawakami H, Fuchino H, Kawahara N, Shirao T. NMDA receptor-dependent and -independent effects of natural compounds and crude drugs on synaptic states as revealed by drebrin imaging analysis. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3548-3560. [PMID: 33851450 PMCID: PMC8365428 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Effective drugs that can cure cognitive impairments remain elusive. Because synaptic dysfunction has been correlated with cognitive impairments, drug development to target synaptic dysfunction is important. Recently, natural compounds and crude drugs have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for cognitive disorders. However, their effects on synaptic function remain unclear, because of lack of evaluation system with high reproducibility. We have recently developed highly reproducible in vitro high-content imaging analysis system for evaluation of synaptic function using drebrin as a marker for synaptic states. Therefore, we aimed to examine the direct effects of well-known natural compounds and crude drugs on synaptic states using this system. Rat hippocampal neurons were treated using natural compounds (nobiletin, diosgenin and tenuifolin) and crude drugs (Uncaria Hook [UH], Bezoar Bovis [BB], Coptis Rhizome [CR], Phellodendron Bark [PB] and Polygala Root [PR]). Immunocytochemical analysis was performed, and dendrite lengths and drebrin cluster densities were automatically quantified. We found that diosgenin, tenuifolin, CR, PB and PR decreased drebrin cluster densities, and the effects of PB and PR were partially dependent on N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs). Nobiletin and UH did not show any effects, whereas low-dose BB treatment increased drebrin cluster densities. Our results showed that diosgenin, tenuifolin, BB, CR, PB and PR appeared to directly change synaptic states. Particularly, the NMDAR dependency of PB and PR appears to affect synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Koganezawa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuko Sekino
- Endowed Laboratory of Human Cell-Based Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kawakami
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fuchino
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kawahara
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shirao
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.,AlzMed, Inc, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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Yu X, Pan J, Shen N, Zhang H, Zou L, Miao H, Xing L. Development of Saikosaponin D Liposome Nanocarrier with Increased Hepatoprotective Effect Against Alcoholic Hepatitis Mice. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:627-639. [PMID: 35057889 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mortality rate of ethanol induced liver disease has substantially raised to alert level with an increasing use of alcohol, but development of definite hepatoprotective drug is still challenging. The efficacy of Saikosaponin D, one of the natural herbal medicine has been studied
in different diseases. Nonetheless, its clinical application is restricted by poor bioavailability, stability and solubility. This study sought to develop a Saikosaponin D loaded liposome via thin film hydration method. The surface morphology, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity
were detected with transmission electron microscopy and HPLC, in vitro dissolution was via dialysis method, but efficacy and safety evaluation was through pharmacokinetics, while the assessment of hepatoprotective activity on alcohol induced acute hepatitis mice models was conducted.
The optimized liposomes showed significant greater therapeutic effect on liver, through decreased serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG)
in liver homogenate. In contrast, levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) were increased significantly. Pathological study exhibited remarkable alteration of hepatitis liver architecture to almost normal state after administration of Saikosaponin D
liposome. The increased hepatoprotective effect of Saikosaponin D liposome was observed during the attenuation of alcoholic hepatitis in mice, which might be ascribable to the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of the drug. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing
advanced system of Saikosaponin D delivery for the promotion of the therapeutic effects of the liposome against various kinds of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jielu Pan
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lu Zou
- Experiment Center for Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongyu Miao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lianjun Xing
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Activation of voltage-gated sodium channels by BmK NT1 augments NMDA receptor function through Src family kinase signaling pathway in primary cerebellar granule cell cultures. Neuropharmacology 2020; 180:108291. [PMID: 32931812 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in excitable cells and are the molecular targets of an array of neurotoxins. BmK NT1, an α-scorpion toxin obtained from the scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch (BmK), produces neurotoxicity that is associated with extracellular Ca2+ influx through Na+-Ca2+ exchangers, N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors, and L-type Ca2+ channels in cultured cerebellar granule cells (CGCs). In the present study, we demonstrated that BmK NT1 triggered concentration-dependent release of excitatory neurotransmitters, glutamate and aspartate; both effects were eliminated by VGSC blocker, tetrodotoxin. More importantly, we demonstrated that a threshold concentration of BmK NT1 that produced marginal Ca2+ influx and neuronal death augmented glutamate-induced Ca2+ elevation and neuronal death in CGCs. BmK NT1-augmented glutamate-induced Ca2+ influx and neuronal death were suppressed by tetrodotoxin and MK-801 suggesting that the augmentation was through activation of VGSCs and NMDA receptors. Consistently, BmK NT1 also enhanced NMDA-induced Ca2+ influx. Further mechanistic investigations demonstrated that BmK NT1 increased the expression level of NMDA receptors on the plasma membrane and increased the phosphorylation level of NR2B at Tyr1472. Src family kinase inhibitor, 1-tert-butyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]amine (PP2), but not the inactive analogue, 4-amino-1-phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP3), eliminated BmK NT1-triggered NR2B phosphorylation, NMDA receptor trafficking, as well as BmK NT1-augmented NMDA Ca2+ response and neuronal death. Considered together, these data demonstrated that both presynaptic (excitatory amino acid release) and postsynaptic mechanisms (augmentation of NMDA receptor function) are critical for VGSC activation-induced neurotoxicity in primary CGC cultures.
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10
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Qin T, Yuan Z, Yu J, Fu X, Deng X, Fu Q, Ma Z, Ma S. Saikosaponin-d impedes hippocampal neurogenesis and causes cognitive deficits by inhibiting the survival of neural stem/progenitor cells via neurotrophin receptor signaling in mice. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e243. [PMID: 33377633 PMCID: PMC7752162 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) are multipotent stem cells in the central nervous system. Damage to NPCs has been demonstrated to cause adverse effects on neurogenesis and to contribute to neurological diseases. Our previous research suggested that saikosaponin-d (SSd), a cytostatic drug belonging to the bioactive triterpenoid saponins, exhibited neurotoxicity by inhibiting hippocampal neurogenesis, but the underlying mechanism remained elusive. This study was performed to clarify the role of SSd in cognitive function and the mechanism by which SSd induced damage to hippocampal neurogenesis and NPCs. Our results indicated that SSd caused hippocampus-dependent cognitive deficits and inhibited hippocampal neurogenesis by reducing the numbers of newborn neurons in mice. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that SSd-induced neurotoxicity in the hippocampus involved neurotrophin receptor-interacting MAGE (NRAGE)/neurotrophin receptor interacting factor (NRIF)/p75NTR -associated cell death executor (NADE) cell signaling activated by the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR ). Mechanistic studies showed that a short hairpin RNA targeting p75NTR intracellular domain reversed SSd-increased NRAGE/NRIF/NADE signaling and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase/caspase apoptotic pathway, subsequently contributing to the survival of NPCs, as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. The addition of recombinant brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) ameliorated the SSd-induced inhibition of BDNF/Tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) neurotrophic signaling, but did not affect SSd-activated pro-BDNF/p75NTR signaling. Moreover, the SSd-induced elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration was responsible for damage to NPCs. The extracellular Ca2+ chelator ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), rather than the intracellular Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetrakis(acetoxymethyl ester) (BAPTA/AM), attenuated SSd-induced cytosolic Ca2+ dysfunction and SSd-disordered TrkB/p75NTR signaling. Overall, this study demonstrated a new mechanism for the neurotoxic effect of SSd, which has emerging implications for pharmacological research of SSd and provides a better understanding of neurotoxicity induced by cytostatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qin
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ziqiao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug ScreeningChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiayu Yu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xinxin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xueyang Deng
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhanqiang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shiping Ma
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Qinba Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Research and Development CenterAnKang UniversityAnkangChina
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11
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Channels that Cooperate with TRPV4 in the Brain. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1812-1820. [PMID: 32524421 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a nonselective Ca2+-permeable cation channel that is a member of the TRP channel family. It is clear that TRPV4 channels are broadly expressed in the brain. As they are expressed on the plasma membrane, they interact with other channels and play a crucial role in nervous system activity. Under some pathological conditions, TRPV4 channels are upregulated and sensitized via cellular signaling pathways, and this can cause nervous system diseases. In this review, we focus on receptors that cooperate with TRPV4, including large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+(BKca) channels, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate receptors (AMPARs), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), ryanodine receptors (RyRs), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), and other potential cooperative receptors in the brain. The data demonstrate how these channels work together to cause nervous system diseases under pathological conditions. The aim of this review was to discuss the receptors and signaling pathways related to TRPV4 based on recent data on the important physiological functions of TRPV4 channels to provide new clues for future studies and prospective therapeutic targets for related brain diseases.
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Wang HL, Li R, Li J, He J, Cao ZY, Kurtán T, Mándi A, Zheng GL, Zhang W. Alternarin A, a Drimane Meroterpenoid, Suppresses Neuronal Excitability from the Coral-Associated Fungi Alternaria sp. ZH-15. Org Lett 2020; 22:2995-2998. [PMID: 32237750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alternarin A (1), a rearranged drimane meroterpenoid characterized by a thioglycerate moiety, was isolated together with two known analogues from the coral-associated fungi Alternaria sp. ZH-15. Its structure was determined based on spectroscopic analysis, modified Mosher's method, and TDDFT/ECD calculations. In a primary cultured cortical neuronal network, compound 1 effectively inhibited the activity of spontaneous synchronous Ca2+ oscillations and 4-aminopyridine induced epileptic discharges in the low micromolar concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,NCO School of Army Medical University, 450 West Zhong-Shan Rd., Shijiazhuang 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Gao-Ke Road, Hangzhou 311402, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long-Mian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long-Mian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gui-Liang Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong-Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, 389 Xin-Cun Road, Shanghai 200065, People's Republic of China
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13
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Peterková L, Kmoníčková E, Ruml T, Rimpelová S. Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase Inhibitors: Beyond Anticancer Perspective. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1937-1963. [PMID: 32030976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA), which plays a key role in the maintenance of Ca2+ ion homeostasis, is an extensively studied enzyme, the inhibition of which has a considerable impact on cell life and death decision. To date, several SERCA inhibitors have been thoroughly studied and the most notable one, a derivative of the sesquiterpene lactone thapsigargin, is gradually approaching a clinical application. Meanwhile, new compounds with SERCA-inhibiting properties of natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic origin are being discovered and/or developed; some of these might also be suitable for the development of new drugs with improved performance. This review brings an up-to-date comprehensive overview of recently discovered compounds with the potential of SERCA inhibition, discusses their mechanism of action, and highlights their potential clinical applications, such as cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Peterková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kmoníčková
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Synergistic Mechanisms of Constituents in Herbal Extracts during Intestinal Absorption: Focus on Natural Occurring Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020128. [PMID: 32028739 PMCID: PMC7076514 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic separation strategy has long and widely been applied in the research and development of herbal medicines. However, the pharmacological effects of many bioactive constituents are much weaker than those of the corresponding herbal extracts. Thus, there is a consensus that purer herbal extracts are sometimes less effective. Pharmacological loss of purified constituents is closely associated with their significantly reduced intestinal absorption after oral administration. In this review, pharmacokinetic synergies among constituents in herbal extracts during intestinal absorption were systematically summarized to broaden the general understanding of the pharmaceutical nature of herbal medicines. Briefly, some coexisting constituents including plant-produced primary and secondary metabolites, promote the intestinal absorption of active constituents by improving solubility, inhibiting first-pass elimination mediated by drug-metabolizing enzymes or drug transporters, increasing the membrane permeability of enterocytes, and reversibly opening the paracellular tight junction between enterocytes. Moreover, some coexisting constituents change the forms of bioactive constituents via mechanisms including the formation of natural nanoparticles. This review will focus on explaining this new synergistic mechanism. Thus, herbal extracts can be considered mixtures of bioactive compounds and pharmacokinetic synergists. This review may provide ideas and strategies for further research and development of herbal medicines.
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Qin T, Fu X, Yu J, Zhang R, Deng X, Fu Q, Ma Z, Ma S. Modification of GSK3β/β-catenin signaling on saikosaponins-d-induced inhibition of neural progenitor cell proliferation and adult neurogenesis. Toxicology 2019; 424:152233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Zhang CL, Wang Y, Zhao F, Liu YF, Shi GR, Chen RY, Yu DQ, Cao ZY. Rearranged iridal-type triterpenoids from Iris tectorum. Fitoterapia 2019; 137:104193. [PMID: 31175949 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Three new iridal-type triterpenoids (1-3) featuring a rearranged homofarnesylside chain were isolated from the rhizomes of Iris tectorum. Compounds 2 and 3 were found to be a pair of epimers. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. A possible biosynthetic pathway for them was postulated. Moreover, the mixture of compounds 2 and 3 exhibited moderate neuroprotective activity against serum deprivation-induced PC12 cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ru Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruo-Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Quan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zheng-Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Zheng J, Yu Y, Feng W, Li J, Liu J, Zhang C, Dong Y, Pessah IN, Cao Z. Influence of Nanomolar Deltamethrin on the Hallmarks of Primary Cultured Cortical Neuronal Network and the Role of Ryanodine Receptors. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:67003. [PMID: 31166131 PMCID: PMC6792378 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pyrethroid deltamethrin (DM) is broadly used for insect control. Although DM hyperexcites neuronal networks by delaying inactivation of axonal voltage-dependent [Formula: see text] channels, this mechanism is unlikely to mediate neurotoxicity at lower exposure levels during critical perinatal periods in mammals. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify mechanisms by which acute and subchronic DM altered axonal and dendritic growth, patterns of synchronous [Formula: see text] oscillations (SCOs), and electrical spike activity (ESA) functions critical to neuronal network formation. METHODS Measurements of SCOs using [Formula: see text] imaging, ESA using microelectrode array (MEA) technology, and dendritic complexity using Sholl analysis were performed in primary murine cortical neurons from wild-type (WT) and/or ryanodine receptor 1 ([Formula: see text]) mice between 5 and 14 d in vitro (DIV). [Formula: see text] binding analysis and a single-channel voltage clamp were utilized to measure engagement of RyRs as a direct target of DM. RESULTS Neuronal networks responded to DM ([Formula: see text]) as early as 5 DIV, reducing SCO amplitude and depressing ESA and burst frequencies by 60-70%. DM ([Formula: see text]) enhanced axonal growth in a nonmonotonic manner. [Formula: see text] enhanced dendritic complexity. DM stabilized channel open states of RyR1, RyR2, and cortical preparations expressing all three isoforms. DM ([Formula: see text]) altered gating kinetics of RyR1 channels, increasing mean open time, decreasing mean closed time, and thereby enhancing overall open probability. SCO patterns from cortical networks expressing [Formula: see text] were more responsive to DM than WT. [Formula: see text] neurons showed inherently longer axonal lengths than WT neurons and maintained less length-promoting responses to nanomolar DM. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that RyRs were sensitive molecular targets of DM with functional consequences likely relevant for mediating abnormal neuronal network connectivity in vitro. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4583.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Yiyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Dong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Isaac N. Pessah
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Shen L, Yang Q, He Y, Zou X, Cao Z. BmK NT1-induced neurotoxicity is mediated by PKC/CaMKⅡ-dependent ERK1/2 and p38 activation in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells. Toxicology 2019; 421:22-29. [PMID: 30940546 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) represent molecular targets for a number of potent neurotoxins that affect the ion permeation or gating kinetics. BmK NT1, an α-scorpion toxin purified from Buthus martensii Karch (BMK), induces excitatory neurotoxicity by activation of VGSCs with subsequent overloading of intracellular Ca2+ in cerebellar granule cells (CGCs). In the current study, we further investigated signaling pathways responsible for BmK NT1-induced neurotoxicity in CGCs. BmK NT1 exposure induced neuronal death in different development stages of CGCs with similar potencies ranging from 0.21-0.48 μM. The maximal neuronal death induced by BmK NT1 gradually increased from 25.6% at 7 days in vitro (DIVs) to 42.1%, 47.8%, and 67.2% at 10, 13, and 16 DIVs, respectively, suggesting that mature CGCs are more vulnerable to BmK NT1 exposure. Application of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMKⅡ) inhibitors, KN-62 or KN-93, but not Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) inhibitor, STO-609, completely abolished BmK NT1-induced neuronal death. Moreover, BmK NT1 exposure stimulated CaMKⅡ phosphorylation. BmK NT1 also stimulated extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 phosphorylation which was abolished by tetrodotoxin demonstrating the role of VGSCs on BmK NT1-induced ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation. However, BmK NT1 didn't affect c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. In addition, both ERK1/2 inhibitor, U0126 and p38 inhibitor, SB203580 attenuated BmK NT1-induced neuronal death. Both PKC inhibitor, Gö 6983 and CaMKⅡ inhibitor, KN-62 abolished BmK NT1-induced ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation. Considered together, these data demonstrate that BmK NT1-induced neurotoxicity is through PKC/CaMKⅡ mediated ERK1/2 and p38 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Qundi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Yuwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Xiaohan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
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19
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Wu G, Chu H, Wang J, Mu Y, Sun J. Synthesis of gypsogenin and gypsogenic acid derivatives with antitumor activity by damaging cell membranes. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04287c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Forty-five gypsogenin and gypsogenic acid derivatives were synthesized and screened for their cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Wu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences
- University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250200
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Haiping Chu
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250062
- China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health
| | - Jilei Wang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences
- University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250200
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Yanling Mu
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250062
- China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health
| | - Jingyong Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250062
- China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health
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