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Gutiérrez L, Bartelt L. Current Understanding of Giardia lamblia and Pathogenesis of Stunting and Cognitive Deficits in Children from Low- and Middle-Income Countries. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2024; 11:28-39. [PMID: 38993355 PMCID: PMC11238937 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-024-00314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Giardia lamblia is a common intestinal parasite worldwide, mainly in children from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Also, it has been associated with increased intestinal permeability, stunting, and cognitive impairment. Nonetheless, the pathogenesis of long-term consequences is difficult to elucidate. Recent Findings Recent studies try to understand the long-term consequences of Giardia infections. First, well-characterized studies associate Giardia with intestinal damage and child growth. Second, infections appear not to be associated with inflammation, but "lack of inflammation" may not, however, entirely exclude a pro-inflammatory pathway. Finally, some important amino acids are lower and could contribute to prolongate stunting and cognitive deficit. Summary Giardia infections in LMIC used to be associated with child growth shortfalls, gut permeability, and cognitive deficits. Multifactorial effects could be associated with Giardia, including nutritional, altered microbiota, and generation of potentially toxic microbial metabolic byproducts, all together increasing risk of long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Luther Bartelt
- Departments of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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2
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Xu K, Li Z, Qiao J, Wang S, Xie P, Zong Z, Hu C. Persistent organic pollutants exposure and risk of autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122439. [PMID: 37619697 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating number of epidemiological studies has recently proposed that improvement in the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is associated with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) exposure. However, evidence from current researches is limited and inconsistent. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the potential associations comprehensively. We systematically and extensively searched two electronic databases (PubMed and EMBASE) from inception to July 3, 2022 and an updated search was performed before submission. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from stratified random-effects meta-analyses by type of exposure and outcome. We also tested the potential heterogeneity across studies, conducted sensitivity analysis and evaluated publication bias. A total of 20 studies were finally included in our study. Meta-analytical effect estimates indicated a positive association between prenatal exposure to PCB-138, PCB-153 and PCB-170 and an increased risk of ASD, with OR of 1.89 (95% CI = 1.21-2.95, I2 = 0%), 1.61 (95% CI = 1.05-2.47, I2 = 0%) and 1.46 (95% CI = 1.03-2.06, I2 = 0%) respectively. In contrast, PFDA was found inversely associated with the risk of ASD (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.52-0.94, I2 = 0%). The level of evidence supporting a link between ASD risk and exposure to PCB-138, PCB-153, PCB-170, and PFDA was respectively categorized as low, low, moderate, and low. In summary, this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that exposure to PCB-138, PCB-153, and PCB-170 correlates with a heightened risk of ASD, with evidence levels rated as "low", "low", and "moderate", respectively. In contrast, PFDA exposure appears to be inversely associated with ASD risk, with a "low" level of supporting evidence. However, due to the limited number of studies available for each exposure and outcome pairing, these results should be interpreted with caution. Sufficiently powered studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhuoyan Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jianchao Qiao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Senzheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Pinpeng Xie
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chengyang Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Humanistic Medicine, School of Humanistic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
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3
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Liang S, Jin F, Jia C. Editorial: The effect of gut microbiota on the brain structure and function. Front Integr Neurosci 2023; 17:1226664. [PMID: 37483652 PMCID: PMC10356552 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2023.1226664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
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Agarwal M, Hoffman J, Ngo Tenlep SY, Santarossa S, Pearson KJ, Sitarik AR, Cassidy-Bushrow AE, Petriello MC. Maternal polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (PCB 126) exposure modulates offspring gut microbiota irrespective of diet and exercise. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 118:108384. [PMID: 37061048 PMCID: PMC10257154 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role throughout the lifespan in maintaining host health, and several factors can modulate microbiota composition including diet, exercise, and environmental exposures. Maternal microbiota is transferred to offspring during early life; thus, environmental exposures before gestation may also modulate offspring microbiota. Here we aimed to investigate the effects of maternal exposure to dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the microbiota of aged offspring and to determine if lifestyle factors, including maternal exercise or offspring high-fat feeding alter these associations. To test this, dams were exposed to PCB 126 (0.5 μmole/kg body weight) or vehicle oil by oral gavage during preconception, gestation, and during lactation. Half of each group was allowed access to running wheels for ≥ 7 days before and during pregnancy and up through day 14 of lactation. Female offspring born from the 4 maternal groups (PCB exposure or not, with/without exercise) were subsequently placed either on regular diet or switched to a high-fat diet during adulthood. Microbiota composition was quantified in female offspring at 49 weeks of age by 16 S rRNA sequencing. Maternal exposure to PCB 126 resulted in significantly reduced richness and diversity in offspring microbiota regardless of diet or exercise. Overall compositional differences were largely driven by offspring diet, but alterations in specific taxa due to maternal PCB 126 exposure, included the depletion of Verrucomicrobiaceae and Akkermansia muciniphila, and an increase in Anaeroplasma. Perturbation of microbiota due to PCB 126 may predispose offspring to a variety of chronic diseases later in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Jessie Hoffman
- Department of Human Nutrition, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC 29733, USA
| | - Sara Y Ngo Tenlep
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - Sara Santarossa
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Kevin J Pearson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - Alexandra R Sitarik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | - Michael C Petriello
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Calero-Medina L, Jimenez-Casquet MJ, Heras-Gonzalez L, Conde-Pipo J, Lopez-Moro A, Olea-Serrano F, Mariscal-Arcas M. Dietary exposure to endocrine disruptors in gut microbiota: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 886:163991. [PMID: 37169193 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interfere with hormonal actions and have been associated with a higher incidence of metabolic disorders. They affect numerous physiological, biochemical, and endocrinal activities, including reproduction, metabolism, immunity, and behavior. The purpose of this review was to elucidate the association of EDCs in food with the gut microbiota and with metabolic disorders. EDC exposure induces changes that can lead to microbial dysbiosis. Products and by-products released by the microbial metabolism of EDCs can be taken up by the host. Changes in the composition of the microbiota and production of microbial metabolites may have a major impact on the host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Calero-Medina
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Jimenez-Casquet
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Leticia Heras-Gonzalez
- Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Conde-Pipo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lopez-Moro
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Fatima Olea-Serrano
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Mariscal-Arcas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
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6
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Keil-Stietz K, Lein PJ. Gene×environment interactions in autism spectrum disorders. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 152:221-284. [PMID: 36707213 PMCID: PMC10496028 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is credible evidence that environmental factors influence individual risk and/or severity of autism spectrum disorders (hereafter referred to as autism). While it is likely that environmental chemicals contribute to the etiology of autism via multiple mechanisms, identifying specific environmental factors that confer risk for autism and understanding how they contribute to the etiology of autism has been challenging, in part because the influence of environmental chemicals likely varies depending on the genetic substrate of the exposed individual. Current research efforts are focused on elucidating the mechanisms by which environmental chemicals interact with autism genetic susceptibilities to adversely impact neurodevelopment. The goal is to not only generate insights regarding the pathophysiology of autism, but also inform the development of screening platforms to identify specific environmental factors and gene×environment (G×E) interactions that modify autism risk. Data from such studies are needed to support development of intervention strategies for mitigating the burden of this neurodevelopmental condition on individuals, their families and society. In this review, we discuss environmental chemicals identified as putative autism risk factors and proposed mechanisms by which G×E interactions influence autism risk and/or severity using polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Keil-Stietz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, United States.
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Campana AM, Laue HE, Shen Y, Shrubsole MJ, Baccarelli AA. Assessing the role of the gut microbiome at the interface between environmental chemical exposures and human health: Current knowledge and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120380. [PMID: 36220576 PMCID: PMC10239610 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The explosion of microbiome research over the past decade has shed light on the various ways that external factors interact with the human microbiome to drive health and disease. Each individual is exposed to more than 300 environmental chemicals every day. Accumulating evidence indicates that the microbiome is involved in the early response to environmental toxicants and biologically mediates their adverse effects on human health. However, few review articles to date provided a comprehensive framework for research and translation of the role of the gut microbiome in environmental health science. This review summarizes current evidence on environmental compounds and their effect on the gut microbiome, discusses the involved compound metabolic pathways, and covers environmental pollution-induced gut microbiota disorders and their long-term outcomes on host health. We conclude that the gut microbiota may crucially mediate and modify the disease-causing effects of environmental chemicals. Consequently, gut microbiota needs to be further studied to assess the complete toxicity of environmental exposures. Future research in this field is required to delineate the key interactions between intestinal microbiota and environmental pollutants and further to elucidate the long-term human health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Campana
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Hannah E Laue
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Yike Shen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Banerjee S, Chitty C, Lee Q, Treur J. An Adaptive Network Model of the Role of the Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in Insomnia. COGN SYST RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Male Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: An Underrepresented Endpoint in Toxicology Research. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10020089. [PMID: 35202275 PMCID: PMC8880407 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is nearly ubiquitous in men of advancing age and exerts substantial physical, mental, social, and financial costs to society. While a large body of research is focused on the molecular, genetic, and epigenetic underpinnings of the disease, little research has been dedicated to the influence of environmental chemicals on disease initiation, progression, or severity. Despite a few recent studies indicating a potential developmental origin of male LUTD linked to chemical exposures in the womb, it remains a grossly understudied endpoint in toxicology research. Therefore, we direct this review to toxicologists who are considering male LUTD as a new aspect of chemical toxicity studies. We focus on the LUTD disease process in men, as well as in the male mouse as a leading research model. To introduce the disease process, we describe the physiology of the male lower urinary tract and the cellular composition of lower urinary tract tissues. We discuss known and suspected mechanisms of male LUTD and examples of environmental chemicals acting through these mechanisms to contribute to LUTD. We also describe mouse models of LUTD and endpoints to diagnose, characterize, and quantify LUTD in men and mice.
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10
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Sinisalu L, Yeung LWY, Wang J, Pan Y, Dai J, Hyötyläinen T. Prenatal exposure to poly-/per-fluoroalkyl substances is associated with alteration of lipid profiles in cord-blood. Metabolomics 2021; 17:103. [PMID: 34816353 PMCID: PMC8610959 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poly-/per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread environmental pollutants that may induce metabolic perturbations in humans, including particularly alterations in lipid profiles. Prenatal exposure to PFAS can cause lasting effects on offspring metabolic health, however, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. OBJECTIVES The goal of the study was to investigate the impact of prenatal PFAS exposure on the lipid profiles in cord blood. METHODS Herein, we combined determination of bile acids (BAs) and molecular lipids by liquid chromatography with ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry, and separately quantified cord blood concentrations of sixteen PFAS in a cohort of Chinese infants (104 subjects) in a cross-sectional study. We then evaluated associations between PFAS concentration and lipidome using partial correlation network analysis, debiased sparse partial correlation, linear regression analysis and correlation analysis. RESULTS PFAS levels showed significant associations with the lipid profiles; specifically, PFAS exposure was positively correlated with triacylgycerols (TG) and several bile acids. Importantly, exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) were associated with increased levels of TGs with saturated fatty acids while multiple classes of phospholipids were decreased. In addition, several free fatty acids showed significant positive correlations with PFOS. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that prenatal exposure to PFAS mediated metabolic changes, which may explain the associations reported between PFAS exposure and metabolic health later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanna Sinisalu
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 702 81, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Leo W Y Yeung
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 702 81, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yitao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 702 81, Örebro, Sweden.
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Keil Stietz KP, Kennedy CL, Sethi S, Valenzuela A, Nunez A, Wang K, Wang Z, Wang P, Spiegelhoff A, Puschner B, Bjorling DE, Lein PJ. In utero and lactational PCB exposure drives anatomic changes in the juvenile mouse bladder. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:1-18. [PMID: 34337439 PMCID: PMC8317607 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder dysfunction, including incontinence, difficulty emptying the bladder, or urgency to urinate is a pervasive health and quality of life concern. However, risk factors for developing these symptoms are not completely understood, and the influence of exposure to environmental chemicals, especially during development, on the formation and function of the bladder is understudied. Environmental contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are known to pose a risk to the developing brain; however, their influence on the development of peripheral target organs, such as bladder, are unknown. To address this data gap, C57Bl/6J mouse dams were exposed to an environmentally-relevant PCB mixture at 0, 0.1, 1 or 6 mg/kg daily beginning two weeks prior to mating and continuing through gestation and lactation. Bladders were collected from offspring at postnatal days (P) 28-31. PCB concentrations were detected in bladders in a dose-dependent manner. PCB effects on the bladder were sex- and dose-dependent. Overall, PCB effects were observed in male, but not female, bladders. PCBs increased bladder volume and suburothelial βIII-tubulin-positive nerve density compared to vehicle control. A subset of these nerves were sensory peptidergic axons indicated by increased calcitonin gene-related protein (CGRP) positive nerve fibers in mice exposed to the highest PCB dose compared to the lowest PCB dose. PCB-induced increased nerve density was also positively correlated with the number of mast cells in the bladder, suggesting inflammation may be involved. There were no detectable changes in epithelial composition or apoptosis as indicated by expression of cleaved caspase 3, suggesting PCBs do not cause overt toxicity. Bladder volume changes were not accompanied by changes in bladder mass or epithelial thickness, indicating that obstruction was not likely involved. Together, these results are the first to suggest that following developmental exposure, PCBs can distribute to the bladder and alter neuroanatomic development and bladder volume in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly P. Keil Stietz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Comparative Biosciences University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Conner L. Kennedy
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sunjay Sethi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Valenzuela
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Nunez
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kathy Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zunyi Wang
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peiqing Wang
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Audrey Spiegelhoff
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Birgit Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dale E. Bjorling
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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Orešič M, McGlinchey A, Wheelock CE, Hyötyläinen T. Metabolic Signatures of the Exposome-Quantifying the Impact of Exposure to Environmental Chemicals on Human Health. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110454. [PMID: 33182712 PMCID: PMC7698239 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human health and well-being are intricately linked to environmental quality. Environmental exposures can have lifelong consequences. In particular, exposures during the vulnerable fetal or early development period can affect structure, physiology and metabolism, causing potential adverse, often permanent, health effects at any point in life. External exposures, such as the “chemical exposome” (exposures to environmental chemicals), affect the host’s metabolism and immune system, which, in turn, mediate the risk of various diseases. Linking such exposures to adverse outcomes, via intermediate phenotypes such as the metabolome, is one of the central themes of exposome research. Much progress has been made in this line of research, including addressing some key challenges such as analytical coverage of the exposome and metabolome, as well as the integration of heterogeneous, multi-omics data. There is strong evidence that chemical exposures have a marked impact on the metabolome, associating with specific disease risks. Herein, we review recent progress in the field of exposome research as related to human health as well as selected metabolic and autoimmune diseases, with specific emphasis on the impacts of chemical exposures on the host metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; (M.O.); (A.M.)
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Aidan McGlinchey
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; (M.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Craig E. Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): Risk Factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder? TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8030070. [PMID: 32957475 PMCID: PMC7560399 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a group of multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorders defined clinically by core deficits in social reciprocity and communication, restrictive interests and repetitive behaviors. ASD affects one in 54 children in the United States, one in 89 children in Europe, and one in 277 children in Asia, with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 1-2%. While there is increasing consensus that ASD results from complex gene x environment interactions, the identity of specific environmental risk factors and the mechanisms by which environmental and genetic factors interact to determine individual risk remain critical gaps in our understanding of ASD etiology. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that have been linked to altered neurodevelopment in humans. Preclinical studies demonstrate that PCBs modulate signaling pathways implicated in ASD and phenocopy the effects of ASD risk genes on critical morphometric determinants of neuronal connectivity, such as dendritic arborization. Here, we review human and experimental evidence identifying PCBs as potential risk factors for ASD and discuss the potential for PCBs to influence not only core symptoms of ASD, but also comorbidities commonly associated with ASD, via effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems, and/or peripheral target tissues, using bladder dysfunction as an example. We also discuss critical data gaps in the literature implicating PCBs as ASD risk factors. Unlike genetic factors, which are currently irreversible, environmental factors are modifiable risks. Therefore, data confirming PCBs as risk factors for ASD may suggest rational approaches for the primary prevention of ASD in genetically susceptible individuals.
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Su H, Liu J, Wu G, Long Z, Fan J, Xu Z, Liu J, Yu Z, Cao M, Liao N, Peng J, Yu W, Li W, Wu H, Wang X. Homeostasis of gut microbiota protects against polychlorinated biphenyl 126-induced metabolic dysfunction in liver of mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137597. [PMID: 32143051 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exposure is closely associated with the prevalence of metabolic diseases, including fatty liver and dyslipidemia. Emerging literature suggests that disturbance of gut microbiota is related to PCB126-induced metabolic disorders. However, the causal role of dysbiosis in PCB126-induced fatty liver is still unknown. To clarify the role of the gut microbiome in the detoxification of PCB126 in intestine or PCB126-induced toxicity in liver, mice were administrated with drinking water containing antibiotics (ampicillin, vancomycin, neomycin, and metronidazole) or Inulin. We showed that PCB126 resulted in significant hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. PCB126, Antibiotics, and Inulin significantly affected the structure and shifted community membership of gut microbiome. 7 KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways at level 2 and 39 KEGG pathways at level 3 were significantly affected. Antibiotics alleviated PCB126-induced fibrosis in the liver but increased inflammation. Inulin treatment ameliorated both inflammation and fibrosis in the liver of PCB126-treated mice. Neither Antibiotics nor Inulin had significant effect on PCB126-induced hepatic steatosis. The more specific intervention of gut microbiota is needed to alleviate PCB126-induced fatty liver. These data demonstrate that homeostasis of gut microbiota is critical for the defense against PCB126 toxicity and dysbiosis plays a fundamental role in the development of inflammation and fibrosis in liver of PCB126-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Su
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jiangzheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guangyuan Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zi Long
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Junshu Fan
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhongrui Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhongtian Yu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Nai Liao
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wenli Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China.
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