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Partearroyo T, Vallecillo N, Pajares MA, Varela-Moreiras G, Varela-Nieto I. Cochlear Homocysteine Metabolism at the Crossroad of Nutrition and Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:107. [PMID: 28487633 PMCID: PMC5403919 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss (HL) is one of the most common causes of disability, affecting 360 million people according to the World Health Organization (WHO). HL is most frequently of sensorineural origin, being caused by the irreversible loss of hair cells and/or spiral ganglion neurons. The etiology of sensorineural HL (SNHL) is multifactorial, with genetic and environmental factors such as noise, ototoxic substances and aging playing a role. The nutritional status is central in aging disability, but the interplay between nutrition and SNHL has only recently gained attention. Dietary supplementation could therefore constitute the first step for the prevention and potential repair of hearing damage before it reaches irreversibility. In this context, different epidemiological studies have shown correlations among the nutritional condition, increased total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) and SNHL. Several human genetic rare diseases are also associated with homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism and SNHL confirming this potential link. Accordingly, rodent experimental models have provided the molecular basis to understand the observed effects. Thus, increased tHcy levels and vitamin deficiencies, such as folic acid (FA), have been linked with SNHL, whereas long-term dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids improved Hcy metabolism, cell survival and hearing acuity. Furthermore, pharmacological supplementations with the anti-oxidant fumaric acid that targets Hcy metabolism also improved SNHL. Overall these results strongly suggest that cochlear Hcy metabolism is a key player in the onset and progression of SNHL, opening the way for the design of prospective nutritional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Partearroyo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San PabloMadrid, Spain
| | - Néstor Vallecillo
- Departamento de Fisiopatología y del Sistema Nervios, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UAM)Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - María A Pajares
- Departamento de Fisiopatología y del Sistema Nervios, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UAM)Madrid, Spain.,Investigación en Otoneurocirugía, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPAZ)Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San PabloMadrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Departamento de Fisiopatología y del Sistema Nervios, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UAM)Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain.,Investigación en Otoneurocirugía, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPAZ)Madrid, Spain
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Martínez-Vega R, Garrido F, Partearroyo T, Cediel R, Zeisel SH, Martínez-Álvarez C, Varela-Moreiras G, Varela-Nieto I, Pajares MA. Folic acid deficiency induces premature hearing loss through mechanisms involving cochlear oxidative stress and impairment of homocysteine metabolism. FASEB J 2014; 29:418-32. [PMID: 25384423 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-259283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional imbalance is emerging as a causative factor of hearing loss. Epidemiologic studies have linked hearing loss to elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and folate deficiency, and have shown that folate supplementation lowers tHcy levels potentially ameliorating age-related hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to address the impact of folate deficiency on hearing loss and to examine the underlying mechanisms. For this purpose, 2-mo-old C57BL/6J mice (Animalia Chordata Mus musculus) were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 65 each) that were fed folate-deficient (FD) or standard diets for 8 wk. HPLC analysis demonstrated a 7-fold decline in serum folate and a 3-fold increase in tHcy levels. FD mice exhibited severe hearing loss measured by auditory brainstem recordings and TUNEL-positive-apoptotic cochlear cells. RT-quantitative PCR and Western blotting showed reduced levels of enzymes catalyzing homocysteine (Hcy) production and recycling, together with a 30% increase in protein homocysteinylation. Redox stress was demonstrated by decreased expression of catalase, glutathione peroxidase 4, and glutathione synthetase genes, increased levels of manganese superoxide dismutase, and NADPH oxidase-complex adaptor cytochrome b-245, α-polypeptide (p22phox) proteins, and elevated concentrations of glutathione species. Altogether, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that the relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia induced by folate deficiency and premature hearing loss involves impairment of cochlear Hcy metabolism and associated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martínez-Vega
- *Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Garrido
- *Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Partearroyo
- *Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Cediel
- *Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Steven H Zeisel
- *Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Martínez-Álvarez
- *Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- *Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- *Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Pajares
- *Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad 761, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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