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Liu H, Zhang C, Wen F, Feng L, Wang H, Wang W, Li P. Effects of Low-dose Mercury Exposure in Newborns on mRNA Expression Profiles. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:975-981. [PMID: 33944966 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanism of mercury (Hg) toxicity in the newborns by mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq). A questionnaire survey, routine blood parameters of pregnant women, and umbilical cord blood (UCB) of newborns were collected. The median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) of total Hg (THg) concentrations in UCB of newborns was 3.63 (2.50, 6.19) µg/L. A total of 504 differentially expressed genes of mRNA were revealed between the case and control group, including 456 upregulated and 48 downregulated genes. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were primarily involved in mitophagy, hemoglobin complex, and oxygen carrier activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated that the most differentially expressed genes were annotated in Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. The qRT-PCR was used to validate the results of mRNA-seq. Low-dose Hg exposure could increase blood NE# and WBC in the pregnant women. This study provides scientific evidences on mechanism of Hg toxicity in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Liu
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Chanchan Zhang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Fuli Wen
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Huiqun Wang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 550081, Guiyang, China.
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2
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Shayan S, Okocha O, Srdanovic N, Balmert L, Grafman J, Madhan AS, Samra SS, Brown ICH, Sweitzer B, Hogue CW. Preoperative Anemia and Risk for Perioperative Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Retrospective Analysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 36:1056-1063. [PMID: 34657797 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether there is a relationship between preoperative anemia and domain-specific cognitive performance in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of data collected from a randomized study. SETTING Tertiary care university hospital. PARTICIPANTS A total of 436 patients age ≥55 years undergoing cardiac surgery. INTERVENTION None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Neuropsychological testing was performed before and one month after surgery, using a standard battery. Individual Z-scores calculated from the mean and standard deviation of tests at baseline were combined into domain-specific scores. Anemia (hemoglobin <130 g/L for men, <120 g/L for women) was present in 41% of patients. Preoperative anemia had little impact on preoperative cognition. There were no differences in the change in cognitive performance one month after surgery from baseline between patients with and without preoperative anemia. However, in a sensitivity analysis using multiple imputation for missing cognitive test scores, significant associations were observed between preoperative anemia and change in postoperative processing speed (p = 0.016), change in executive function (p = 0.049), and change in fine motor speed (p = 0.016). Nadir hemoglobin during cardiopulmonary bypass, which was lower in anemic than nonanemic patients, was associated with decrements in performance on tests of verbal fluency (p = 0.007), processing speed (p = 0.042), and executive function (p = 0.10) one month after surgery but not delayed neurocognitive recovery (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative anemia may be associated with impairment of selective cognitive domains after surgery. Any effect of preoperative anemia may have on cognition after surgery might be related to lower nadir hemoglobin during cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Shayan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Obianuju Okocha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Nina Srdanovic
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Lauren Balmert
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Neurology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Center, Department of Psychiatry, Feinberg School of Medicine & Department of Psychology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Iv Charles H Brown
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - BobbieJean Sweitzer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Charles W Hogue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
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Altinoz MA, Guloksuz S, Schmidt-Kastner R, Kenis G, Ince B, Rutten BPF. Involvement of hemoglobins in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Gerontol 2019; 126:110680. [PMID: 31382012 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobins (Hbs) are heme-containing proteins binding oxygen, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxide. While erythrocytes are the most well-known location of Hbs, Hbs also exist in neurons, glia and oligodendroglia and they are primarily localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane of neurons with likely roles in cellular respiration and buffering protons. Recently, studies have suggested links between hypoxia and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer Disease (AD) and furthermore suggested involvement of Hbs in the pathogenesis of AD. While cellular immunohistochemical studies on AD brains have observed reduced levels of Hb in the cytoplasm of pre-tangle and tangle-bearing neurons, other studies on homogenates of AD brain samples observed increased Hb levels. This potential discrepancy may result from differential presence and function of intracellular versus extracellular Hbs. Intracellular Hbs may protect neurons against hypoxia and hyperoxia. On the other hand, extracellular free Hb and its degradation products may trigger inflammatory immune and oxidative reactions against neural macromolecules and/or damage the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, biological processes leading to reduction of Hb transcription (including clinically silent Hb mutations) may influence intra-erythrocytic and neural Hbs, and reduce the transport of oxygen, carbon monoxide and nitric oxide which may be involved in the (patho)physiology of neurodegenerative disorders such as AD. Agents such as erythropoietin, which stimulate both erythropoiesis, reduce eryptosis and induce intracellular neural Hbs may exert multiple beneficial effects on the onset and course of AD. Thus, evidence accumulates for a role of Hbs in the central nervous system while Hbs deserve more attention as possible candidate molecules involved in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric A Altinoz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rainald Schmidt-Kastner
- Integrated Medical Science Department, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University (FAU), Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Gunter Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bahri Ince
- Department of Psychiatry, Mazhar Osman Bakirkoy Mental Diseases Research and Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Wolters FJ, Zonneveld HI, Licher S, Cremers LGM, Ikram MK, Koudstaal PJ, Vernooij MW, Ikram MA. Hemoglobin and anemia in relation to dementia risk and accompanying changes on brain MRI. Neurology 2019; 93:e917-e926. [PMID: 31366722 PMCID: PMC6745727 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the long-term association of hemoglobin levels and anemia with risk of dementia, and explore underlying substrates on brain MRI in the general population. Methods Serum hemoglobin was measured in 12,305 participants without dementia of the population-based Rotterdam Study (mean age 64.6 years, 57.7% women). We determined risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD) (until 2016) in relation to hemoglobin and anemia. Among 5,267 participants without dementia with brain MRI, we assessed hemoglobin in relation to vascular brain disease, structural connectivity, and global cerebral perfusion. Results During a mean follow-up of 12.1 years, 1,520 individuals developed dementia, 1,194 of whom had AD. We observed a U-shaped association between hemoglobin levels and dementia (p = 0.005), such that both low and high hemoglobin levels were associated with increased dementia risk (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)], lowest vs middle quintile 1.29 [1.09–1.52]; highest vs middle quintile 1.20 [1.00–1.44]). Overall prevalence of anemia was 6.1%, and anemia was associated with a 34% increased risk of dementia (95% CI 11%–62%) and 41% (15%–74%) for AD. Among individuals without dementia with brain MRI, similar U-shaped associations were seen of hemoglobin with white matter hyperintensity volume (p = 0.03), and structural connectivity (for mean diffusivity, p < 0.0001), but not with presence of cortical and lacunar infarcts. Cerebral microbleeds were more common with anemia. Hemoglobin levels inversely correlated to cerebral perfusion (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Low and high levels of hemoglobin are associated with an increased risk of dementia, including AD, which may relate to differences in white matter integrity and cerebral perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Wolters
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (F.J.W., H.I.Z., S.L., L.G.M.C., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I.), Neurology (F.J.W., M.K.I., P.J.K.), and Radiology (H.I.Z., L.G.M.C., M.W.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hazel I Zonneveld
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (F.J.W., H.I.Z., S.L., L.G.M.C., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I.), Neurology (F.J.W., M.K.I., P.J.K.), and Radiology (H.I.Z., L.G.M.C., M.W.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Silvan Licher
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (F.J.W., H.I.Z., S.L., L.G.M.C., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I.), Neurology (F.J.W., M.K.I., P.J.K.), and Radiology (H.I.Z., L.G.M.C., M.W.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte G M Cremers
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (F.J.W., H.I.Z., S.L., L.G.M.C., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I.), Neurology (F.J.W., M.K.I., P.J.K.), and Radiology (H.I.Z., L.G.M.C., M.W.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - M Kamran Ikram
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (F.J.W., H.I.Z., S.L., L.G.M.C., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I.), Neurology (F.J.W., M.K.I., P.J.K.), and Radiology (H.I.Z., L.G.M.C., M.W.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Koudstaal
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (F.J.W., H.I.Z., S.L., L.G.M.C., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I.), Neurology (F.J.W., M.K.I., P.J.K.), and Radiology (H.I.Z., L.G.M.C., M.W.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (F.J.W., H.I.Z., S.L., L.G.M.C., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I.), Neurology (F.J.W., M.K.I., P.J.K.), and Radiology (H.I.Z., L.G.M.C., M.W.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (F.J.W., H.I.Z., S.L., L.G.M.C., M.K.I., M.W.V., M.A.I.), Neurology (F.J.W., M.K.I., P.J.K.), and Radiology (H.I.Z., L.G.M.C., M.W.V.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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5
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Hernández HG, Sandoval-Hernández AG, Garrido-Gil P, Labandeira-Garcia JL, Zelaya MV, Bayon GF, Fernández AF, Fraga MF, Arboleda G, Arboleda H. Alzheimer's disease DNA methylome of pyramidal layers in frontal cortex: laser-assisted microdissection study. Epigenomics 2018; 10:1365-1382. [PMID: 30324800 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study DNA methylation patterns of cortical pyramidal layers susceptible to late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) neurodegeneration. METHODS Laser-assisted microdissection to select pyramidal layers' cells in frontal cortex of 32 human brains (18 LOAD) and Infinium DNA Methylation 450K analysis were performed to find differential methylated positions and regions, in addition to the corresponding gene set functional enrichment analyses. RESULTS Differential hypermethylation in several genomic regions and genes mainly in HOXA3, GSTP1, CXXC1-3 and BIN1. The functional enrichment analysis revealed genes significantly related to oxidative-stress and synapsis. CONCLUSION The present results indicate the differentially methylated genes related to neural projections, synapsis, oxidative stress and epigenetic regulator genes and represent the first epigenome of cortical pyramidal layers in LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Guillermo Hernández
- PhD Program in Dentistry, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Research Unity, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Adrián Gabriel Sandoval-Hernández
- Grupo de Neurociencias y muerte Celular, Facultad de Medicina e instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia.,Área de Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia
| | - Pablo Garrido-Gil
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria Zelaya
- Navarrabiomed Brain Bank, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Gustavo F Bayon
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - Agustín F Fernández
- Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Asturias (FINBA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo, Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Arboleda
- Grupo de Neurociencias y muerte Celular, Facultad de Medicina e instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia.,Área de Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia
| | - Humberto Arboleda
- Grupo de Neurociencias y muerte Celular, Facultad de Medicina e instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia
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Beydoun MA, Dore GA, Canas JA, Liang H, Beydoun HA, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Systemic Inflammation Is Associated With Longitudinal Changes in Cognitive Performance Among Urban Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:313. [PMID: 30356710 PMCID: PMC6189312 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives/Background: Systemic inflammation can affect cognitive performance over time. The current study examined associations between systemic inflammation and cognitive performance among African Americans and Whites urban adults, stratifying by sex, and age group and by race. Patients/Methods: Among 1,555-1,719 White and African-American urban adults [Agebase: 30-64y, 2004-2013, mean±SD follow-up time(y): 4.64 ± 0.93y], conducted linear mixed-effects regression models were conducted to test associations of inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), albumin, iron, and an inflammation composite score (ICS)] with longitudinal cognitive performance. Results: Among key findings, CRP was linked to poorer baseline mental status among younger women (≤50y, γ01 = -0.03 ± 0.01, p = 0.002) and poorer attention in older women (>50y, γ01 = -0.024 ± 0.007, p < 0.004) and African-Americans (γ01 = -0.029 ± 0.008, p < 0.001). ESR was related to faster decline on verbal memory among older men (>50y, γ11 = -0.008 ± 0.003, P = 0.009); with poorer performance on attention tests overall (γ01 = -0.010 ± 0.003, P = 0.003) and among African-Americans (γ01 = -0.013 ± 0.004, P = 0.002); on verbal fluency among older women (>50y,γ01 = -0.037 ± 0.013, P = 0.004) and on executive function: overall (γ01 = +0.62 ± 0.21, P = 0.004), older men (>50y, γ01 = +1.69 ± 0.53, P = 0.001) and African-Americans (γ01 = +0.84 ± 0.28, P = 0.002). Albumin was linked to slower attention decline among older men (>50y, γ11 = +0.329 ± 0.103, P = 0.009), over-time improvement in executive function overall (γ11 = -6.00 ± 2.26, P = 0.008), and better baseline psychomotor speed among African-Americans (γ01 = +0.56 ± 0.19, P = 0.003). Finally, ICS predicted faster decline on visual memory/visuo-constructive abilities among older men (>50y, γ11 = +0.17 ± 0.06, p = 0.003). Conclusion: In sum, strong associations between systemic inflammation and longitudinal cognitive performance were detected, largely among older individuals (>50y) and African-Americans. Randomized trials targeting inflammation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gregory A Dore
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jose-Atilio Canas
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Hailun Liang
- Institute on Social Welfare, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
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7
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Kosenko EA, Tikhonova LA, Montoliu C, Barreto GE, Aliev G, Kaminsky YG. Metabolic Abnormalities of Erythrocytes as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 11:728. [PMID: 29354027 PMCID: PMC5760569 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of uncertain etiology. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, accumulation of non-soluble amyloid β peptides (Aβ) in the Central Nervous System (CNS) is the primary cause initiating a pathogenic cascade leading to the complex multilayered pathology and clinical manifestation of the disease. It is, therefore, not surprising that the search for mechanisms underlying cognitive changes observed in AD has focused exclusively on the brain and Aβ-inducing synaptic and dendritic loss, oxidative stress, and neuronal death. However, since Aβ depositions were found in normal non-demented elderly people and in many other pathological conditions, the amyloid cascade hypothesis was modified to claim that intraneuronal accumulation of soluble Aβ oligomers, rather than monomer or insoluble amyloid fibrils, is the first step of a fatal cascade in AD. Since a characteristic reduction of cerebral perfusion and energy metabolism occurs in patients with AD it is suggested that capillary distortions commonly found in AD brain elicit hemodynamic changes that alter the delivery and transport of essential nutrients, particularly glucose and oxygen to neuronal and glial cells. Another important factor in tissue oxygenation is the ability of erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC) to transport and deliver oxygen to tissues, which are first of all dependent on the RBC antioxidant and energy metabolism, which finally regulates the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. In the present review, we consider the possibility that metabolic and antioxidant defense alterations in the circulating erythrocyte population can influence oxygen delivery to the brain, and that these changes might be a primary mechanism triggering the glucose metabolism disturbance resulting in neurobiological changes observed in the AD brain, possibly related to impaired cognitive function. We also discuss the possibility of using erythrocyte biochemical aberrations as potential tools that will help identify a risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Kosenko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Lyudmila A Tikhonova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Carmina Montoliu
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico, INCLIVA Instituto Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- GALLY International Biomedical Research Institute Inc., San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Yury G Kaminsky
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
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8
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Barr T, Girke T, Sureshchandra S, Nguyen C, Grant K, Messaoudi I. Alcohol Consumption Modulates Host Defense in Rhesus Macaques by Altering Gene Expression in Circulating Leukocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:182-95. [PMID: 26621857 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that chronic alcohol use disorder leads to increased susceptibility to several viral and bacterial infections, whereas moderate alcohol consumption decreases the incidence of colds and improves immune responses to some pathogens. In line with these observations, we recently showed that heavy ethanol intake (average blood ethanol concentrations > 80 mg/dl) suppressed, whereas moderate alcohol consumption (blood ethanol concentrations < 50 mg/dl) enhanced, T and B cell responses to modified vaccinia Ankara vaccination in a nonhuman primate model of voluntary ethanol consumption. To uncover the molecular basis for impaired immunity with heavy alcohol consumption and enhanced immune response with moderate alcohol consumption, we performed a transcriptome analysis using PBMCs isolated on day 7 post-modified vaccinia Ankara vaccination, the earliest time point at which we detected differences in T cell and Ab responses. Overall, chronic heavy alcohol consumption reduced the expression of immune genes involved in response to infection and wound healing and increased the expression of genes associated with the development of lung inflammatory disease and cancer. In contrast, chronic moderate alcohol consumption upregulated the expression of genes involved in immune response and reduced the expression of genes involved in cancer. To uncover mechanisms underlying the alterations in PBMC transcriptomes, we profiled the expression of microRNAs within the same samples. Chronic heavy ethanol consumption altered the levels of several microRNAs involved in cancer and immunity and known to regulate the expression of mRNAs differentially expressed in our data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha Barr
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Thomas Girke
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521; and
| | - Suhas Sureshchandra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Christina Nguyen
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Kathleen Grant
- Division of Neurosciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521;
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9
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Infante J, Prieto C, Sierra M, Sánchez-Juan P, González-Aramburu I, Sánchez-Quintana C, Berciano J, Combarros O, Sainz J. Identification of candidate genes for Parkinson's disease through blood transcriptome analysis in LRRK2-G2019S carriers, idiopathic cases, and controls. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:1105-9. [PMID: 25475535 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The commonest known cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the G2019S mutation of the LRRK2 gene, but this mutation is not sufficient for causing PD, and many carriers of the mutation never develop PD symptoms during life. Differences at the expression level of certain genes, resulting from either genetic variations or environmental interactions, might be one of the mechanisms underlying differential risks for developing both idiopathic and genetic PD. To identify the genes involved in PD pathogenesis, we compared genome-wide gene expression (RNA-seq) in peripheral blood of 20 PD patients carrying the G2019S mutation of the LRRK2 gene, 20 asymptomatic carriers of the mutation, 20 subjects with idiopathic PD, 20 controls and 7 PD patients before and after initiating dopaminergic therapy. We identified 13 common genes (ADARB2, CEACAM6, CNTNAP2, COL19A1, DEF4, DRAXIN, FCER2, HBG1, NCAPG2, PVRL2, SLC2A14, SNCA, and TCL1B) showing significant differential expression between G2019S-associated PD and asymptomatic carriers and also between idiopathic PD and controls but not between untreated and treated patients. Some of these genes are functionally involved in the processes known to be involved in PD pathogenesis, such as Akt signaling, glucose metabolism, or immunity. We consider that these genes merit further attention in future studies as potential candidate genes involved in both idiopathic and LRRK2-G2019S-associated forms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Infante
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC), Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Prieto
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Santander, Spain
| | - María Sierra
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC), Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC), Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel González-Aramburu
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC), Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coro Sánchez-Quintana
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC), Santander, Spain
| | - José Berciano
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC), Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Onofre Combarros
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC), Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Sainz
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Santander, Spain
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10
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An anemia of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:1227-34. [PMID: 24419041 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lower hemoglobin is associated with cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since brain iron homeostasis is perturbed in AD, we investigated whether this is peripherally reflected in the hematological and related blood chemistry values from the Australian Imaging Biomarker and Lifestyle (AIBL) study (a community-based, cross-sectional cohort comprising 768 healthy controls (HC), 133 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 211 participants with AD). We found that individuals with AD had significantly lower hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentrations, packed cell volume and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rates (adjusted for age, gender, APOE-ɛ4 and site). In AD, plasma iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation and red cell folate levels exhibited a significant distortion of their customary relationship to hemoglobin levels. There was a strong association between anemia and AD (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=2.43, confidence interval (CI) (1.31, 4.54)). Moreover, AD emerged as a strong risk factor for anemia on step-down regression, even when controlling for all other available explanations for anemia (adjusted OR=3.41, 95% CI (1.68, 6.92)). These data indicated that AD is complicated by anemia, which may itself contribute to cognitive decline.
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11
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Minor hemoglobins HbA2 and HbF associate with disease severity in bipolar disorder with a likely protective role of HbA2 against post-partum episodes. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:405-8. [PMID: 23856286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There exist studies indicating that bipolar disorder (BD) associates with changes in brain blood flow. Human brain with its high demand to oxygen constitutes 2% of the total body weight, while it receives 20% of cardiac output. α and β globin chains of hemoglobin were recently found in neural tissues, yet no study has questioned blood hemoglobins in BD. METHODS A total of 120 euthymic BD patients (40 males and 80 females) were analyzed via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure minor hemoglobin levels, which were statistically compared with disease characteristics. RESULTS Minor hemoglobins HbA2 and HbF associated positively with episode density as a measure of disease severity in BD. An increased level of HbA2 meant significantly less postpartum episodes in child bearing women. HbF levels were higher in patients with a positive family history of any psychotic disorder. Sum of HbA2 and HbF correlated with episode density with a stronger significance (p<0.001) supporting intermittent hypoxia hypothesis in BD. LIMITATIONS The study was conducted only on euthymic patients to avoid likely bigger exogenous effects such as electro-convulsive therapy and diverse drug regimes, yet larger comparative studies are needed to support our current findings. CONCLUSIONS Higher HbA2 and HbF in more severe bipolar disorder may be compensations against intermittent hypoxias in BD. HbA2 increases following myocardial angina and in mountain dwellers, which may indicate protective roles in extreme conditions. HbF increase may act more as a maladaptation or emerge via haplotypal associations of BD genes and gamma-globin locus at 11p15.5.
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12
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Fluorescence Study of the Membrane Effects of Aggregated Lysozyme. J Fluoresc 2013; 23:1229-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-013-1254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Bao Y, Li P, Dong Y, Xiang R, Gu L, Yao H, Wang Q, Lin Z. Polymorphism of the multiple hemoglobins in blood clam Tegillarca granosa and its association with disease resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:1320-1324. [PMID: 23470816 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) is the major protein component of erythrocytes in animals with red blood, but it can serve additional functions beyond the transport of oxygen. In this study, we identified polymorphism in the blood clam Tegillarca granosa Hb (Tg-Hb) genes and investigated the association of this polymorphism with resistance/susceptibility to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Analysis of the 540 sequences revealed 28 SNPs in the coding region of three Tg-Hbs, corresponding to about one SNP per 48 bp. Three SNPS: HbIIA-E2-146, HbIIB-E2-23, HbIIB-E2-121 showed a significant association with resistance/susceptibility to V. parahaemolyticus (P < 0.05). To further demonstrate that three significant SNPs of Tg-Hbs is associated with resistance of clams to V. parahaemolyticus, SNPs were genotyped in V. parahaemolyticus resistant strain clams and the wild base population from which this strain was derived. The results indicated that the nonsynonymous mutation T allele at HbIIA-E2-146 and A allele at HbIIB-E2-23 are associated with V. parahaemolyticus resistance in the blood clam, and its association with disease resistance may be due to its cause changes in amino acid sequences to a functional polymorphism. Together with previous bacterial challenge study, these results provides direct evidence that variation at HbIIA-E2-146 and HbIIB-E2-23 are associated with disease resistance in the blood clam, and these two polymorphic loci could be potential gene markers for the future molecular selection of strains that are resistant to diseases caused by V. parahaemolyticus.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arcidae/chemistry
- Arcidae/genetics
- Arcidae/immunology
- Arcidae/microbiology
- China
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Hemoglobin Subunits/chemistry
- Hemoglobin Subunits/genetics
- Hemoglobin Subunits/immunology
- Immunity, Innate
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Organ Specificity
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
- Sequence Homology
- Up-Regulation
- Vibrio parahaemolyticus/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Bao
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Aquatic Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang Wanli University, 8 South Qianhu Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, PR China
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14
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Sun B, Huang L, Na N, He D, Ouyang J. Applications of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles for the enrichment of proteins for PAGE separation. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2091-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Kumar R, Atamna H. Therapeutic approaches to delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:820903. [PMID: 21423548 PMCID: PMC3056246 DOI: 10.4061/2011/820903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The key cytopathologies in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients include mitochondrial dysfunction and energy hypometabolism, which are likely caused by the accumulation of small aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Thus, targeting these two abnormalities of the AD brain may hold promising therapeutic value for delaying the onset of AD. In his paper, we discuss two potential approaches to delay the onset of AD. The first is the use of low dose of diaminophenothiazins (redox active agents) to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and to attenuate energy hypometabolism. Diaminophenothiazines enhance mitochondrial metabolic activity and heme synthesis, both key factors in intermediary metabolism of the AD brain.The second is to use the naturally occurring osmolytes to prevent the formation of toxic forms of Aβ and prevent oxidative stress. Scientific evidence suggests that both approaches may change course of the basic mechanism of neurodegeneration in AD. Osmolytes are brain metabolites which accumulate in tissues at relatively high concentrations following stress conditions. Osmolytes enhance thermodynamic stability of proteins by stabilizing natively-folded protein conformation, thus preventing aggregation without perturbing other cellular processes. Osmolytes may inhibit the formation of Aβ oligomers in vivo, thus preventing the formation of soluble oligomers. The potential significance of combining diaminophenothiazins and osmolytes to treat AD is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Neuroscience, The Commonwealth Medical College, Tobin Hall, 501 Madison Avenue, Scranton, PA 18510, USA
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16
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Shen S, Callaghan D, Juzwik C, Xiong H, Huang P, Zhang W. ABCG2 reduces ROS-mediated toxicity and inflammation: a potential role in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2010; 114:1590-604. [PMID: 20626554 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by accumulation and deposition of Aβ peptides in the brain. Aβ deposition generates reactive-oxygen species (ROS), which are involved in Alzheimer's inflammatory and neurodegenerative pathology. We have previously observed that, in Alzheimer's disease brain, ABCG2 is up-regulated and AP-1 is activated, but NF-κB is not activated. In the present study, we examine the roles and mechanism of ABCG2 on ROS generation, inflammatory gene expression and signaling, heme homeostasis and Aβ production in cell models and on inflammatory signaling and Aβ deposition in Abcg2-knockout and wild-type mice. Our results show that ABCG2 plays a protective role against oxidative stress by decreasing ROS generation, enhancing antioxidant capacity, regulating heme level, and inhibiting inflammatory response in cell models. ABCG2 inhibits NF-κB activation but has less effect on AP-1 activation induced by ROS. This results in inhibition of interleukin-8 and growth-related oncogene (GRO) expression induced by ROS via NF-κB pathway. Abcg2 deficiency increased Aβ deposition and NF-κB activation in the brains of Abcg2-knockout mice compared with controls. These findings suggest that ABCG2 may relieve oxidative stress and inflammatory response via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway in cell models and brain tissues and thus may play a potential protective role in Alzheimer's neuroinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Shen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Grading the commercial optical biosensor literature-Class of 2008: 'The Mighty Binders'. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:1-64. [PMID: 20017116 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optical biosensor technology continues to be the method of choice for label-free, real-time interaction analysis. But when it comes to improving the quality of the biosensor literature, education should be fundamental. Of the 1413 articles published in 2008, less than 30% would pass the requirements for high-school chemistry. To teach by example, we spotlight 10 papers that illustrate how to implement the technology properly. Then we grade every paper published in 2008 on a scale from A to F and outline what features make a biosensor article fabulous, middling or abysmal. To help improve the quality of published data, we focus on a few experimental, analysis and presentation mistakes that are alarmingly common. With the literature as a guide, we want to ensure that no user is left behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Beta-thalassemia trait as a protective factor against Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2010; 23:186-7. [PMID: 19730169 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0b013e31819cb582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Atamna H, Frey WH, Ko N. Human and rodent amyloid-beta peptides differentially bind heme: relevance to the human susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 487:59-65. [PMID: 19454279 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides are implicated in the neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously investigated the mechanism of neurotoxicity of Abeta and found that human Abeta (huAbeta) binds and depletes heme, forming an Abeta-heme complex with peroxidase activity. Rodent Abeta (roAbeta) is identical to huAbeta, except for three amino acids within the proposed heme-binding motif (Site-H). We studied and compared heme-binding between roAbeta and huAbeta. Unlike roAbeta, huAbeta binds heme tightly (K(d)=140+/-60 nM) and forms a peroxidase. The plot of bound (huAbeta-heme) vs. unbound heme fits best to a two site binding hyperbola, suggesting huAbeta possesses two heme-binding sites. Consistently, a second high affinity heme-binding site was identified in the lipophilic region (site-L) of huAbeta (K(d)=210+/-80 nM). The plot of (roAbeta-heme) vs. unbound heme, on the other hand, was different as it fits best to a sigmoidal binding curve, indicating different binding and lower affinity of roAbeta for heme (K(d)=1 microM). The effect of heme-binding to site-H on heme-binding to site-L in roAbeta and huAbeta is discussed. While both roAbeta and huAbeta form aggregates equally, rodents lack AD-like neuropathology. High huAbeta/heme ratio increases the peroxidase activity. These findings suggest that depletion of regulatory heme and formation of Abeta-heme peroxidase contribute to huAbeta's neurotoxicity in the early stages of AD. Phylogenic variations in the amino acid sequence of Abeta explain tight heme-binding to huAbeta and likely contribute to the increased human susceptibility to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Atamna
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
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