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Wang J, Du L, Zhang T, Chu Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ji X, Kang Y, Cui R, Zhang G, Liu J, Shi G. Edaravone Dexborneol ameliorates the cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 mice by inhibiting TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway via upregulating TREM2. Neuropharmacology 2024; 255:110006. [PMID: 38763325 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Currently, there are no effective therapeutic agents available to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, edaravone dexborneol (EDB), a novel composite agent used to treat acute ischemic stroke, has recently been shown to exert efficacious neuroprotective effects. However, whether EDB can ameliorate cognitive deficits in AD currently remains unclear. To this end, we explored the effects of EDB on AD and its potential mechanisms using an AD animal model (male APP/PS1 mice) treated with EDB for 10 weeks starting at 6 months of age. Subsequent analyses revealed that EDB-treated APP/PS1 mice exhibited improved cognitive abilities compared to untreated APP/PS1 mice. Administration of EDB in APP/PS1 mice further alleviated neuropathological alterations of the hippocampus, including Aβ deposition, pyramidal cell karyopyknosis, and oxidative damage, and significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and COX-2 in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Transcriptome sequencing analysis demonstrated the critical role of the inflammatory reaction in EDB treatment in APP/PS1 mice, indicating that the alleviation of the inflammatory reaction by EDB in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice was linked to the action of the TREM2/TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway. Further in vitro investigations showed that EDB suppressed neuroinflammation in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells by inhibiting the TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway and upregulating TREM2 expression. Thus, the findings of the present study demonstrate that EDB is a promising therapeutic agent for AD-related cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Longyuan Du
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Tianyun Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yun Chu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yunxiao Kang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Rui Cui
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Geming Shi
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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Ehret F, Pelz MS, Senko AN, Soto KEG, Liu H, Kempermann G. Presymptomatic Reduction of Individuality in the App NL-F Knockin Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:721-731. [PMID: 37076091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-third of the risk for Alzheimer's disease is explained by environment and lifestyle, but Alzheimer's disease pathology might also affect lifestyle and thereby impair the individual potential for health behavior and prevention. METHODS We examined in mice how the AppNL-F/NL-F (NL-F) knockin mutation affects the presymptomatic response to environmental enrichment (ENR) as an experimental paradigm addressing nongenetic factors. We assessed the emergence of interindividual phenotypic variation under the condition that both the genetic background and the shared environment were held constant, thereby isolating the contribution of individual behavior (nonshared environment). RESULTS After 4 months of ENR, the mean and variability of plasma ApoE were increased in NL-F mice, suggesting a presymptomatic variation in pathogenic processes. Roaming entropy as a measure of behavioral activity was continuously assessed with radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology and revealed reduced habituation and variance in NL-F mice compared with control animals, which do not carry a Beyreuther/Iberian mutation. Intraindividual variation decreased, while behavioral stability was reduced in NL-F mice. Seven months after discontinuation of ENR, we found no difference in plaque size and number, but ENR increased variance in hippocampal plaque counts in NL-F mice. A reactive increase in adult hippocampal neurogenesis in NL-F mice, known from other models, was normalized by ENR. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that while NL-F has early effects on individual behavioral patterns in response to ENR, there are lasting effects on cellular plasticity even after the discontinuation of ENR. Hence, early behavior matters for maintaining individual behavioral trajectories and brain plasticity even under maximally constrained conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Ehret
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Meike S Pelz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna N Senko
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karla E G Soto
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hang Liu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Cutuli D, Sampedro-Piquero P. BDNF and its Role in the Alcohol Abuse Initiated During Early Adolescence: Evidence from Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2202-2220. [PMID: 35748555 PMCID: PMC9886842 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220624111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a crucial brain signaling protein that is integral to many signaling pathways. This neurotrophin has shown to be highly involved in brain plastic processes such as neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, and neurotransmission, among others. In the first part of this review, we revise the role of BDNF in different neuroplastic processes within the central nervous system. On the other hand, its deficiency in key neural circuits is associated with the development of psychiatric disorders, including alcohol abuse disorder. Many people begin to drink alcohol during adolescence, and it seems that changes in BDNF are evident after the adolescent regularly consumes alcohol. Therefore, the second part of this manuscript addresses the involvement of BDNF during adolescent brain maturation and how this process can be negatively affected by alcohol abuse. Finally, we propose different BNDF enhancers, both behavioral and pharmacological, which should be considered in the treatment of problematic alcohol consumption initiated during the adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cutuli
- Department of Psychology, Medicine and Psychology Faculty, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy; ,I.R.C.C.S. Fondazione Santa Lucia, Laboratorio di Neurofisiologia Sperimentale e del Comportamento, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Roma, Italy; ,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Psychology Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Spain and Cutuli, D. at Fondazione Santa Lucia. Laboratorio di Neurofisiologia Sperimentale e del Comportamento. Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Roma, Italy; E-mails: ;
| | - Piquero Sampedro-Piquero
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Psychology Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Psychology Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Spain and Cutuli, D. at Fondazione Santa Lucia. Laboratorio di Neurofisiologia Sperimentale e del Comportamento. Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Roma, Italy; E-mails: ;
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Kindler D, Maschio C, Ni R, Zerbi V, Razansky D, Klohs J. Arterial spin labeling demonstrates preserved regional cerebral blood flow in the P301L mouse model of tauopathy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:686-693. [PMID: 34822744 PMCID: PMC8943618 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211062274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence for the vascular contribution to cognitive impairment and dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. While perfusion deficits have been observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease and tauopaties, little is known about the role of tau in vascular dysfunction. In the present study, regional cerebral blood (rCBF) was characterized in P301L mice with arterial spin labeling. No differences in rCBF in P301L mice compared to their age-matched non-transgenic littermates at mid (10-12 months of age) and advanced (19-21 months of age) disease stages. This was concomitant with preservation of cortical brain structure as assessed with structural T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. These results show that hypoperfusion and neurodegeneration are not a phenotype of P301L mice. More studies are thus needed to understand the relationship of tau, neurodegeneration and vascular dysfunction and its modulators in AD and primary tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kindler
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 27219ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia Maschio
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 27219ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Zerbi
- Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland.,Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 27219ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 27219ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Klohs
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 27219ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
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Androuin A, Thierry M, Boluda S, Baskaran A, Langui D, Duyckaerts C, Potier MC, El Hachimi KH, Delatour B, Marty S. Alterations of Neuronal Lysosomes in Alzheimer's Disease and in APPxPS1-KI Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:273-284. [PMID: 35275545 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cellular and molecular alterations associated with synapse and neuron loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear. In transgenic mouse models that express mutations responsible for familial AD, neuronal and synaptic losses occur in populations that accumulate fibrillar amyloid-β 42 (Aβ 42) intracellularly. OBJECTIVE We aimed to study the subcellular localization of these fibrillar accumulations and whether such intraneuronal assemblies could be observed in the human pathology. METHODS We used immunolabeling and various electron microscopy techniques on APP x presenilin1 - knock-in mice and on human cortical biopsies and postmortem samples. RESULTS We found an accumulation of Aβ fibrils in lipofuscin granule-like organelles in APP x presenilin1 - knock-in mice. Electron microscopy of human cortical biopsies also showed an accumulation of undigested material in enlarged lipofuscin granules in neurons from AD compared to age-matched non-AD patients. However, in those biopsies or in postmortem samples we could not detect intraneuronal accumulations of Aβ fibrils, neither in the lipofuscin granules nor in other intraneuronal compartments. CONCLUSION The intralysosomal accumulation of Aβ fibrils in specific neuronal populations in APPxPS1-KI mice likely results from a high concentration of Aβ 42 in the endosome-lysosome system due to the high expression of the transgene in these neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Androuin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Present address: Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Manon Thierry
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Susana Boluda
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Asha Baskaran
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Langui
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Charles Duyckaerts
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Khalid Hamid El Hachimi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Neurogénétique, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Delatour
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Serge Marty
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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El Hajj A, Herzine A, Calcagno G, Désor F, Djelti F, Bombail V, Denis I, Oster T, Malaplate C, Vigier M, Kaminski S, Pauron L, Corbier C, Yen FT, Lanhers MC, Claudepierre T. Targeted Suppression of Lipoprotein Receptor LSR in Astrocytes Leads to Olfactory and Memory Deficits in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042049. [PMID: 35216163 PMCID: PMC8878779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations of cholesterol metabolism have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Glia–neuron crosstalk is essential to achieve a tight regulation of brain cholesterol trafficking. Adequate cholesterol supply from glia via apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins ensures neuronal development and function. The lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR), plays an important role in brain cholesterol homeostasis. Aged heterozygote Lsr+/− mice show altered brain cholesterol distribution and increased susceptibility to amyloid stress. Since LSR expression is higher in astroglia as compared to neurons, we sought to determine if astroglial LSR deficiency could lead to cognitive defects similar to those of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cre recombinase was activated in adult Glast-CreERT/lsrfl/fl mice by tamoxifen to induce astroglial Lsr deletion. Behavioral phenotyping of young and old astroglial Lsr KO animals revealed hyperactivity during the nocturnal period, deficits in olfactory function affecting social memory and causing possible apathy, as well as visual memory and short-term working memory problems, and deficits similar to those reported in neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. Furthermore, GFAP staining revealed astroglial activation in the olfactory bulb. Therefore, astroglial LSR is important for working, spatial, and social memory related to sensory input, and represents a novel pathway for the study of brain aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel El Hajj
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (A.H.); (F.D.); (F.D.); (T.O.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (L.P.); (C.C.); (F.T.Y.); (M.-C.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.E.H.); (T.C.); Tel.: +33-(0)4-8110-6500 (A.E.H.); +33-(0)3-7274-4152 (T.C.)
| | - Ameziane Herzine
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (A.H.); (F.D.); (F.D.); (T.O.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (L.P.); (C.C.); (F.T.Y.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Gaetano Calcagno
- UR 7300, Stress Immunity Pathogens Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (G.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Frédéric Désor
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (A.H.); (F.D.); (F.D.); (T.O.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (L.P.); (C.C.); (F.T.Y.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Fathia Djelti
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (A.H.); (F.D.); (F.D.); (T.O.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (L.P.); (C.C.); (F.T.Y.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Vincent Bombail
- UMR 914, Physiology of Nutrition and Feeding Behaviour, INRAE-Agroparistech-Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.B.); (I.D.)
| | - Isabelle Denis
- UMR 914, Physiology of Nutrition and Feeding Behaviour, INRAE-Agroparistech-Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.B.); (I.D.)
| | - Thierry Oster
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (A.H.); (F.D.); (F.D.); (T.O.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (L.P.); (C.C.); (F.T.Y.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Catherine Malaplate
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (A.H.); (F.D.); (F.D.); (T.O.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (L.P.); (C.C.); (F.T.Y.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Maxime Vigier
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (A.H.); (F.D.); (F.D.); (T.O.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (L.P.); (C.C.); (F.T.Y.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Sandra Kaminski
- UR 7300, Stress Immunity Pathogens Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (G.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Lynn Pauron
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (A.H.); (F.D.); (F.D.); (T.O.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (L.P.); (C.C.); (F.T.Y.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Catherine Corbier
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (A.H.); (F.D.); (F.D.); (T.O.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (L.P.); (C.C.); (F.T.Y.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Frances T. Yen
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (A.H.); (F.D.); (F.D.); (T.O.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (L.P.); (C.C.); (F.T.Y.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Marie-Claire Lanhers
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (A.H.); (F.D.); (F.D.); (T.O.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (L.P.); (C.C.); (F.T.Y.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Thomas Claudepierre
- UR AFPA Laboratory, Qualivie Team, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (A.H.); (F.D.); (F.D.); (T.O.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (L.P.); (C.C.); (F.T.Y.); (M.-C.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.E.H.); (T.C.); Tel.: +33-(0)4-8110-6500 (A.E.H.); +33-(0)3-7274-4152 (T.C.)
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Neuroimaging of Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020305. [PMID: 35203515 PMCID: PMC8869427 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have made great strides in the diagnosis and our understanding of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Despite the knowledge gained from human studies, mouse models have and continue to play an important role in deciphering the cellular and molecular evolution of AD. MRI and PET are now being increasingly used to investigate neuroimaging features in mouse models and provide the basis for rapid translation to the clinical setting. Here, we provide an overview of the human MRI and PET imaging landscape as a prelude to an in-depth review of preclinical imaging in mice. A broad range of mouse models recapitulate certain aspects of the human AD, but no single model simulates the human disease spectrum. We focused on the two of the most popular mouse models, the 3xTg-AD and the 5xFAD models, and we summarized all known published MRI and PET imaging data, including contrasting findings. The goal of this review is to provide the reader with broad framework to guide future studies in existing and future mouse models of AD. We also highlight aspects of MRI and PET imaging that could be improved to increase rigor and reproducibility in future imaging studies.
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8
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Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Overview of Human and Animal Studies with Implications for Therapeutic Perspectives Aimed at Memory Recovery. Neural Plast 2022; 2022:9959044. [PMID: 35075360 PMCID: PMC8783751 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9959044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian hippocampal dentate gyrus is a niche for adult neurogenesis from neural stem cells. Newborn neurons integrate into existing neuronal networks, where they play a key role in hippocampal functions, including learning and memory. In the ageing brain, neurogenic capability progressively declines while in parallel increases the risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), the main neurodegenerative disorder associated with memory loss. Numerous studies have investigated whether impaired adult neurogenesis contributes to memory decline in AD. Here, we review the literature on adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and AD by focusing on both human and mouse model studies. First, we describe key steps of AHN, report recent evidence of this phenomenon in humans, and describe the specific contribution of newborn neurons to memory, as evinced by animal studies. Next, we review articles investigating AHN in AD patients and critically examine the discrepancies among different studies over the last two decades. Also, we summarize researches investigating AHN in AD mouse models, and from these studies, we extrapolate the contribution of molecular factors linking AD-related changes to impaired neurogenesis. Lastly, we examine animal studies that link impaired neurogenesis to specific memory dysfunctions in AD and review treatments that have the potential to rescue memory capacities in AD by stimulating AHN.
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Ni R. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12768. [PMID: 34884573 PMCID: PMC8657987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Aberrant Aβ accumulation induces neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular alterations, and synaptic deficits, leading to cognitive impairment. Animal models recapitulating the Aβ pathology, such as transgenic, knock-in mouse and rat models, have facilitated the understanding of disease mechanisms and the development of therapeutics targeting Aβ. There is a rapid advance in high-field MRI in small animals. Versatile high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, such as diffusion tensor imaging, arterial spin labeling, resting-state functional MRI, anatomical MRI, and MR spectroscopy, as well as contrast agents, have been developed for preclinical imaging in animal models. These tools have enabled high-resolution in vivo structural, functional, and molecular readouts with a whole-brain field of view. MRI has been used to visualize non-invasively the Aβ deposits, synaptic deficits, regional brain atrophy, impairment in white matter integrity, functional connectivity, and cerebrovascular and glymphatic system in animal models of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis. Many of the readouts are translational toward clinical MRI applications in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in MRI for visualizing the pathophysiology in amyloidosis animal models. We discuss the outstanding challenges in brain imaging using MRI in small animals and propose future outlook in visualizing Aβ-related alterations in the brains of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Kim S, Nam Y, Ham MJ, Park C, Moon M, Yoo DH. Neurological Mechanisms of Animal-Assisted Intervention in Alzheimer's Disease: A Hypothetical Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:682308. [PMID: 34335229 PMCID: PMC8317687 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.682308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative brain disorder with aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau as the pathological hallmarks. AD is the most common form of dementia and is characterized by a progressive decline of cognition. The failure of pharmacological approaches to treat AD has resulted in an increased focus on non-pharmacological interventions that can mitigate cognitive decline and delay disease progression in patients with AD. Animal-assisted intervention (AAI), a non-pharmacological intervention, improves emotional, social, and cognitive dysfunction in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, AAI is reported to mitigate the effects of cognitive impairment in patients with AD. Despite the positive effects of AAI on cognitive dysfunction in patients with AD, there have been no studies on how AAI affects AD-related pathologies. This review postulates potential neurological mechanisms of emotional or social interaction through AAI in countering AD-related pathologies, such as Aβ deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), and proposes insights for future research by organizing accumulated previous evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Research Institute for Dementia Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yunkwon Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min-Joo Ham
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chisoo Park
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Research Institute for Dementia Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Doo-Han Yoo
- Research Institute for Dementia Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
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11
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Sun X, Duan S, Cao A, Villagomez B, Lin R, Chen H, Pi L, Ren B, Chen R, Chen M, Ying Z, Fang S, Cao Q. RRY Inhibits Amyloid-β 1-42 Peptide Aggregation and Neurotoxicity. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:479-495. [PMID: 34368633 PMCID: PMC8293670 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current understanding of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) aggregation and toxicity provides an extensive list of drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, one of the most promising strategies for its treatment has been tri-peptides. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine those tri-peptides, such as Arg-Arg-Try (RRY), which have the potential of Aβ1-42 aggregating inhibition and Aβ clearance. METHODS In the present study, in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies were integrated for screening tri-peptides binding to Aβ, then evaluating its inhibition of aggregation of Aβ, and finally its rescuing cognitive deficit. RESULTS In the in silico simulations, molecular docking and molecular dynamics determined that seven top-ranking tri-peptides could bind to Aβ1-42 and form stable complexes. Circular dichroism, ThT assay, and transmission electron microscope indicated the seven tri-peptides might inhibit the aggregation of Aβ1-42 in vitro. In the in vivo studies, Morris water maze, ELISA, and Diolistic staining were used, and data showed that RRY was capable of rescuing the Aβ1-42-induced cognitive deficit, reducing the Aβ1-42 load and increasing the dendritic spines in the transgenic mouse model. CONCLUSION Such converging outcomes from three consecutive studies lead us to conclude that RRY is a preferred inhibitor of Aβ1-42 aggregation and treatment for Aβ-induced cognitive deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xicui Sun
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Songwei Duan
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anna Cao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bryan Villagomez
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Runxuan Lin
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liya Pi
- Department of Pediatrics in College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bin Ren
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Minjie Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhekang Ying
- The Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shenyun Fang
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Decker Y, Németh E, Schomburg R, Chemla A, Fülöp L, Menger MD, Liu Y, Fassbender K. Decreased pH in the aging brain and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 101:40-49. [PMID: 33578193 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Using publicly available data sets, we compared pH in the human brain and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of postmortem control and Alzheimer's disease cases. We further investigated the effects of long-term acidosis in vivo in the APP-PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. We finally examined in vitro whether low pH exposure could modulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines and the uptake of amyloid beta by microglia. In the human brain, pH decreased with aging. Similarly, we observed a reduction of pH in the brain of C57BL/6 mice with age. In addition, independent database analyses revealed that postmortem brain and CSF pH is further reduced in Alzheimer's disease cases compared with controls. Moreover, in vivo experiments showed that low pH CSF infusion increased amyloid beta plaque load in APP-PS1 mice. We further observed that mild acidosis reduced the amyloid beta 42-induced release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by microglia and their capacity to uptake this peptide. Brain acidosis is associated with aging and might affect pathophysiological processes such as amyloid beta aggregation or inflammation in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Decker
- Department of Neurology, University of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany; German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), University of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Eszter Németh
- Department of Neurology, University of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany; German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), University of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Robert Schomburg
- Rehaklinik Zihlschlacht, Neurologisches Rehabilitationszentrum, Zihlschlacht, Switzerland
| | - Axel Chemla
- Department of Neurology, University of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany; German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), University of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Lívia Fülöp
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany; German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), University of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Klaus Fassbender
- Department of Neurology, University of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany; German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), University of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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13
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Dietary Protein Source Influences Brain Inflammation and Memory in a Male Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Model of Dementia. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1312-1329. [PMID: 33169333 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is a pathological condition characterized by a decline in memory, as well as in other cognitive and social functions. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of brain damage in dementia are not completely understood; however, neuroinflammation is involved. Evidence suggests that chronic inflammation may impair cognitive performance and that dietary protein source may differentially influence this process. Dietary protein source has previously been shown to modify systemic inflammation in mouse models. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of chronic dietary protein source substitution in an ageing and dementia male mouse model, the senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) model. We observed that dietary protein source differentially modified memory as shown by inhibitory avoidance testing at 4 months of age. Also, dietary protein source differentially modified neuroinflammation and gliosis in male SAMP8 mice. Our results suggest that chronic dietary protein source substitution may influence brain ageing and memory-related mechanisms in male SAMP8 mice. Moreover, the choice of dietary protein source in mouse diets for experimental purposes may need to be carefully considered when interpreting results.
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14
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Disouky A, Lazarov O. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 177:137-156. [PMID: 33453939 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
New neurons are generated in the dentate gyrus of the adult brain throughout life. They incorporate in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus and integrate in the hippocampal circuitry. Increasing evidence suggests that new neurons play a role in learning and memory. In turn, a large body of evidence suggests that neurogenesis is impaired in Alzheimer's disease, contributing to memory deficits characterizing the disease. We outline here current knowledge about the biology of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its function in learning and memory. In addition, we discuss evidence that neurogenesis is dysfunctional in Alzheimer's disease, address the controversy in the literature concerning the persistence of hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult and aging human brain, and evaluate the therapeutic potential of neurogenesis-based drug development for the treatment of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Disouky
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Orly Lazarov
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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15
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Gerberding AL, Zampar S, Stazi M, Liebetanz D, Wirths O. Physical Activity Ameliorates Impaired Hippocampal Neurogenesis in the Tg4-42 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ASN Neuro 2020; 11:1759091419892692. [PMID: 31818124 PMCID: PMC6906584 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419892692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence from epidemiological studies that especially midlife physical activity might exert a positive influence on the risk and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, the Tg4-42 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease has been utilized to assess the effect of different housing conditions on structural changes in the hippocampus. Focusing on the dentate gyrus, we demonstrate that 6-month-old Tg4-42 mice have a reduced number of newborn neurons in comparison to age-matched wild-type mice. Housing these mice for 4 months with either unlimited or intermittent access to a running wheel resulted in a significant rescue of dentate gyrus neurogenesis. Although neither dentate gyrus volume nor neuron number could be modified in this Alzheimer’s disease mouse model, unrestricted access to a running wheel significantly increased dentate gyrus volume and granule cell number in wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lina Gerberding
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Zampar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martina Stazi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Liebetanz
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Klohs J. An Integrated View on Vascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. NEURODEGENER DIS 2020; 19:109-127. [PMID: 32062666 DOI: 10.1159/000505625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular disease is a common comorbidity in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is believed to contribute additively to the cognitive impairment and to lower the threshold for the development of dementia. However, accumulating evidence suggests that dysfunction of the cerebral vasculature and AD neuropathology interact in multiple ways. Vascular processes even proceed AD neuropathology, implicating a causal role in the etiology of AD. Thus, the review aims to provide an integrated view on vascular dysfunction in AD. SUMMARY In AD, the cerebral vasculature undergoes pronounced cellular, morphological and structural changes, which alters regulation of blood flow, vascular fluid dynamics and vessel integrity. Stiffening of central blood vessels lead to transmission of excessive pulsatile energy to the brain microvasculature, causing end-organ damage. Moreover, a dysregulated hemostasis and chronic vascular inflammation further impede vascular function, where its mediators interact synergistically. Changes of the cerebral vasculature are triggered and driven by systemic vascular abnormalities that are part of aging, and which can be accelerated and aggravated by cardiovascular diseases. Key Messages: In AD, the cerebral vasculature is the locus where multiple pathogenic processes converge and contribute to cognitive impairment. Understanding the molecular mechanism and pathophysiology of vascular dysfunction in AD and use of vascular blood-based and imaging biomarker in clinical studies may hold promise for future prevention and therapy of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Klohs
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, .,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,
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17
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Zheng R, Zhang ZH, Zhao YX, Chen C, Jia SZ, Cao XC, Shen LM, Ni JZ, Song GL. Transcriptomic Insights into the Response of the Olfactory Bulb to Selenium Treatment in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2998. [PMID: 31248178 PMCID: PMC6627505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of extracellular senile plaques primarily composed of Aβ peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. Olfactory dysfunction is an early clinical phenotype in AD and was reported to be attributable to the presence of NFTs, senile Aβ plaques in the olfactory bulb (OB). Our previous research found that selenomethionine (Se-Met), a major form of selenium (Se) in organisms, effectively increased oxidation resistance as well as reduced the generation and deposition of Aβ and tau hyperphosphorylation in the olfactory bulb of a triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3×Tg-AD), thereby suggesting a potential therapeutic option for AD. In this study, we further investigated changes in the transcriptome data of olfactory bulb tissues of 7-month-old triple transgenic AD (3×Tg-AD) mice treated with Se-Met (6 µg/mL) for three months. Comparison of the gene expression profile between Se-Met-treated and control mice revealed 143 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among these genes, 21 DEGs were upregulated and 122 downregulated. The DEGs were then annotated against the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. The results show that upregulated genes can be roughly classified into three types. Some of them mainly regulate the regeneration of nerves, such as Fabp7, Evt5 and Gal; some are involved in improving cognition and memory, such as Areg; and some are involved in anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptosis, such as Adcyap1 and Scg2. The downregulated genes are mainly associated with inflammation and apoptosis, such as Lrg1, Scgb3a1 and Pglyrp1. The reliability of the transcriptomic data was validated by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for the selected genes. These results were in line with our previous study, which indicated therapeutic effects of Se-Met on AD mice, providing a theoretical basis for further study of the treatment of AD by Se-Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Zhong-Hao Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yu-Xi Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Shi-Zheng Jia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xian-Chun Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Li-Ming Shen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Jia-Zuan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Guo-Li Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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18
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Yeo IJ, Park MH, Son DJ, Kim JY, Nam KT, Hyun BK, Kim SY, Jung MH, Song MJ, Chun HO, Lee TH, Han SB, Hong JT. PRDX6 Inhibits Neurogenesis through Downregulation of WDFY1-Mediated TLR4 Signal. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:3132-3144. [PMID: 30097850 PMCID: PMC6476867 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired neurogenesis has been associated with several brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The role of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) in neurodegenerative diseases is very controversial. To demonstrate the role of PRDX6 in neurogenesis, we compared the neurogenesis ability of PRDX6-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice and wild-type mice and studied the involved molecular mechanisms. We showed that the neurogenesis of neural stem cells (NSCs) and the expression of the marker protein were lower in PRDX6 Tg-mice than in wild-type mice. To determine the factors involved in PRDX6-related neural stem cell impairment, we performed a microarray experiment. We showed that the expression of WDFY1 was dramatically decreased in PRDX6-Tg mice. Moreover, WDFY1 siRNA decreases the differentiation ability of primary neural stem cells. Interestingly, WDFY1 reportedly recruits the signaling adaptor TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) to toll-like receptors (TLRs); thus, we showed the relationship among TLRs, PRDX6, and WDFY1. We showed that TLR4 was dramatically reduced in PRDX6 Tg mice, and reduced TLR4 expression and neurogenesis was reversed by the introduction of WDFY1 plasmid in the neural stem cells from PRDX6 Tg mice. This study indicated that PRDX6 inhibits the neurogenesis of neural precursor cells through TLR4-dependent downregulation of WDFY1 and suggested that the inhibitory effect of PRDX6 on neurogenesis play a role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases in the PRDX6 overexpressing transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Tak Nam
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Kook Hyun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hee Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Song
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ok Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea.
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Androuin A, Abada YS, Ly M, Santin M, Petiet A, Epelbaum S, Bertrand A, Delatour B. Activity-induced MEMRI cannot detect functional brain anomalies in the APPxPS1-Ki mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1140. [PMID: 30718666 PMCID: PMC6361936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Aside neuropathological lesions, abnormal neuronal activity and brain metabolism are part of the core symptoms of the disease. Activity-induced Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MEMRI) has been proposed as a powerful approach to visualize evoked brain activity in rodents. Here, we evaluated the relevance of MEMRI in measuring neuronal (dys-)function in the APPxPS1 knocked-in (KI) mouse model of AD. Brain anomalies were firstly demonstrated in APPxPS1-Ki mice using cognitive testing (memory impairment) and histological mapping of immediate early gene products (decreased density of fos-positive neurons). Paradoxically, MEMRI analyses were not able to confirm the occurrence of neuronal hypoactivities in vivo. We then performed a neuropathological analysis that highlighted an abnormal increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in APPxPS1-Ki mice. We hypothesized that diffuse weakening of the BBB results in an uncontrolled diffusion of the MR contrast agent and a lack of correlation between manganese accumulation and neuronal activity. These results bring to light a limitation of the activity-induced MEMRI approach when applied to the APPxPS1-Ki mouse model as well as other mouse models harboring a compromised BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Androuin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Yah-Se Abada
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Myriam Ly
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Institut Roche, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Mathieu Santin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Center for Neuroimaging Research, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Petiet
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Center for Neuroimaging Research, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, Sorbonne Universités, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Aramis Project Team, Inria Research Center of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anne Bertrand
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Aramis Project Team, Inria Research Center of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Delatour
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.
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Colangelo AM, Cirillo G, Alberghina L, Papa M, Westerhoff HV. Neural plasticity and adult neurogenesis: the deep biology perspective. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:201-205. [PMID: 30530998 PMCID: PMC6301164 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.244775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition that neurogenesis does not stop with adolescence has spun off research towards the reduction of brain disorders by enhancing brain regeneration. Adult neurogenesis is one of the tougher problems of developmental biology as it requires the generation of complex intracellular and pericellular anatomies, amidst the danger of neuroinflammation. We here review how a multitude of regulatory pathways optimized for early neurogenesis has to be revamped into a new choreography of time dependencies. Distinct pathways need to be regulated, ranging from neural growth factor induced differentiation to mitochondrial bioenergetics, reactive oxygen metabolism, and apoptosis. Requiring much Gibbs energy consumption, brain depends on aerobic energy metabolism, hence on mitochondrial activity. Mitochondrial fission and fusion, movement and perhaps even mitoptosis, thereby come into play. All these network processes are interlinked and involve a plethora of molecules. We recommend a deep thinking approach to adult neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Colangelo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience "R. Levi-Montalcini", Dept. of Biotechnology and Biosciences; SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology; NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cirillo
- Laboratory of Morphology of Neuronal Network, Department of Public Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Lilia Alberghina
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology; NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Papa
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano; Laboratory of Morphology of Neuronal Network, Department of Public Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Hans V Westerhoff
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, University of Amsterdam, Molecular Cell Physiology, VU University Amsterdam, and Infrastructure Systems Biology at NL (ISBE.NL), Amsterdam, NL, and Systems Biology, School for Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, UK
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21
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Shi J, Zhang X, Ni J, Wei M, Li T, Zhou B, Liu X, Zhang L, Wang P, Tian J, Wang Y. The influence of GAPT extraction on synapse loss of APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice via adjusting Bcl-2/Bax balance. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2018; 4:724-736. [PMID: 30581978 PMCID: PMC6295930 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The degeneration of memory-focused synapses play important roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, while it is not well known how β amyloid interferes neuron apoptosis and how a herbal combination GAPT influence synapse loss and neuronal apoptosis pathways of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Methods Three-month and six-month APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice were used. Spatial and memory ability were measured by Morris Water Maze, Neuron and synapse number were assessed by electron microscope; Aβ, Bcl-2/Bax were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Results APP/PS1 mice not only had increased Aβ accumulation, impaired memory performance, less synapse number, and much more necrosed neurons, but also had significant reduction in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. However, GAPT and donepezil showed improved memory performance, less Aβ accumulation, increased neuron and synapse number, as well as restored balance of Bcl-2/Bax. Discussion GAPT may improve cognitive functions via both reducing Aβ deposition and restoring Bcl-2/Bax balance of neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuekai Zhang
- Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingnian Ni
- Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqing Wei
- Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bingling Zhou
- Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiawei Liu
- Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pengwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhou Tian
- Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyan Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Hatami M, Conrad S, Naghsh P, Alvarez-Bolado G, Skutella T. Cell-Biological Requirements for the Generation of Dentate Gyrus Granule Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:402. [PMID: 30483057 PMCID: PMC6240695 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) receives highly processed information from the associative cortices functionally integrated in the trisynaptic hippocampal circuit, which contributes to the formation of new episodic memories and the spontaneous exploration of novel environments. Remarkably, the DG is the only brain region currently known to have high rates of neurogenesis in adults (Andersen et al., 1966, 1971). The DG is involved in several neurodegenerative disorders, including clinical dementia, schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder and temporal lobe epilepsy. The principal neurons of the DG are the granule cells. DG granule cells generated in culture would be an ideal model to investigate their normal development and the causes of the pathologies in which they are involved and as well as possible therapies. Essential to establish such in vitro models is the precise definition of the most important cell-biological requirements for the differentiation of DG granule cells. This requires a deeper understanding of the precise molecular and functional attributes of the DG granule cells in vivo as well as the DG cells derived in vitro. In this review we outline the neuroanatomical, molecular and cell-biological components of the granule cell differentiation pathway, including some growth- and transcription factors essential for their development. We summarize the functional characteristics of DG granule neurons, including the electrophysiological features of immature and mature granule cells and the axonal pathfinding characteristics of DG neurons. Additionally, we discuss landmark studies on the generation of dorsal telencephalic precursors from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as well as DG neuron differentiation in culture. Finally, we provide an outlook and comment critical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hatami
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Pooyan Naghsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Thomas Skutella
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Gulati A, Hornick MG, Briyal S, Lavhale MS. A novel neuroregenerative approach using ET(B) receptor agonist, IRL-1620, to treat CNS disorders. Physiol Res 2018; 67:S95-S113. [PMID: 29947531 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin B (ET(B)) receptors present in abundance the central nervous system (CNS) have been shown to have significant implications in its development and neurogenesis. We have targeted ET(B) receptors stimulation using a highly specific agonist, IRL-1620, to treat CNS disorders. In a rat model of cerebral ischemia intravenous administration IRL-1620 significantly reduced infarct volume and improved neurological and motor functions compared to control. This improvement, in part, is due to an increase in neuroregeneration. We also investigated the role of IRL-1620 in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). IRL-1620 improved learning and memory, reduced oxidative stress and increased VEGF and NGF in Abeta treated rats. IRL-1620 also improved learning and memory in an aged APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of AD. These promising findings prompted us to initiate human studies. Successful chemistry, manufacturing and control along with mice, rat and dog toxicological studies led to completion of a human Phase I study in healthy volunteers. We found that a dose of 0.6 microg/kg of IRL-1620 can be safely administered, three times every four hours, without any adverse effect. A Phase II clinical study with IRL-1620 has been initiated in patients with cerebral ischemia and mild to moderate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gulati
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.
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24
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Arrázola MS, Andraini T, Szelechowski M, Mouledous L, Arnauné-Pelloquin L, Davezac N, Belenguer P, Rampon C, Miquel MC. Mitochondria in Developmental and Adult Neurogenesis. Neurotox Res 2018; 36:257-267. [PMID: 30215161 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Generation of new neurons is a tightly regulated process that involves several intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Among them, a metabolic switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, together with mitochondrial remodeling, has emerged as crucial actors of neurogenesis. However, although accumulating data raise the importance of mitochondrial morphology and function in neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation during development, information regarding the contribution of mitochondria to adult neurogenesis processes remains limited. In the present review, we discuss recent evidence covering the importance of mitochondrial morphology, function, and energy metabolism in the regulation of neuronal development and adult neurogenesis, and their impact on memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena S Arrázola
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France. .,Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Trinovita Andraini
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marion Szelechowski
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Mouledous
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Arnauné-Pelloquin
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Noélie Davezac
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Belenguer
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Rampon
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Christine Miquel
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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25
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Zhu L, Chi T, Zhao X, Yang L, Song S, Lu Q, Ji X, Liu P, Wang L, Zou L. Xanthoceraside modulates neurogenesis to ameliorate cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:555-565. [PMID: 28744803 PMCID: PMC10717762 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal loss is reported to be an important pathological process in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurogenesis is a process of generation of new neurons to fill the neuronal loss. Xanthoceraside has been shown to attenuate the cognitive deficits in several AD animal models. However, little is known about the effect of xanthoceraside on neurogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Thus, in this study, we investigated whether xanthoceraside can ameliorate learning and memory impairment by promoting NSCs proliferation and neuronal differentiation. The results suggested that xanthoceraside significantly ameliorated the cognitive impairment and induced NSCs proliferation and neuronal differentiation in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Meanwhile, in vitro study revealed that xanthoceraside increased the size of NSCs and induced NSCs differentiation into neurons compared with amyloid beta-peptide (25-35) (Aβ25-35) treatment. Furthermore, we found that xanthoceraside significantly increased the expression of Wnt3a and p-GSK3β, decreased the expression of p-β-catenin, and induced nuclear translocation of β-catenin in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Furthermore, in vitro study found that the effect of xanthoceraside on inducing NSCs proliferation and neuronal differentiation were inhibited by Wnt pathway inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1). Our data demonstrated that xanthoceraside may promote the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs into neurons by up-regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to fill the neuronal loss, thereby improving learning and memory impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyan Chi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaohui Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Evidence for altered dendritic spine compartmentalization in Alzheimer's disease and functional effects in a mouse model. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 135:839-854. [PMID: 29696365 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with a progressive loss of synapses and neurons. Studies in animal models indicate that morphological alterations of dendritic spines precede synapse loss, increasing the proportion of large and short ("stubby") spines. Whether similar alterations occur in human patients, and what their functional consequences could be, is not known. We analyzed biopsies from AD patients and APP x presenilin 1 knock-in mice that were previously shown to present a loss of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. We observed that the proportion of stubby spines and the width of spine necks are inversely correlated with synapse density in frontal cortical biopsies from non-AD and AD patients. In mice, the reduction in the density of synapses in the stratum radiatum was preceded by an alteration of spine morphology, with a reduction of their length and an enlargement of their neck. Serial sectioning examined with electron microscopy allowed us to precisely measure spine parameters. Mathematical modeling indicated that the shortening and widening of the necks should alter the electrical compartmentalization of the spines, leading to reduced postsynaptic potentials in spine heads, but not in soma. Accordingly, there was no alteration in basal synaptic transmission, but long-term potentiation and spatial memory were impaired. These results indicate that an alteration of spine morphology could be involved in the early cognitive deficits associated with AD.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Kun Sun
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
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28
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Abookasis D, Lerman D, Roth H, Tfilin M, Turgeman G. Optically derived metabolic and hemodynamic parameters predict hippocampal neurogenesis in the BTBR mouse model of autism. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201600322. [PMID: 28800207 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we made use of dual-wavelength laser speckle imaging (DW-LSI) to assess cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the BTBR-genetic mouse model of autism spectrum disorder, as well as control (C57Bl/6J) mice. Since the deficits in social behavior demonstrated by BTBR mice are attributed to changes in neural tissue structure and function, we postulated that these changes can be detected optically using DW-LSI. BTBR mice demonstrated reductions in both CBF and cerebral oxygen metabolism (CMRO2 ), as suggested by studies using conventional neuroimaging technologies to reflect impaired neuronal activation and cognitive function. To validate the monitoring of CBF by DW-LSI, measurements with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) were also performed which confirmed the lowered CBF in the autistic-like group. Furthermore, we found in vivo cortical CBF measurements to predict the rate of hippocampal neurogenesis, measured ex vivo by the number of neurons expressing doublecortin or the cellular proliferation marker Ki-67 in the dentate gyrus, with a strong positive correlation between CBF and neurogenesis markers (Pearson, r = 0.78; 0.9, respectively). These novel findings identifying cortical CBF as a predictive parameter of hippocampal neurogenesis highlight the power and flexibility of the DW-LSI and LDF setups for studying neurogenesis trends under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Abookasis
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Danit Lerman
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Hava Roth
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Matanel Tfilin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Gadi Turgeman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- The Department of Pre-Medical Studies, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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29
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Virgili J, Lebbadi M, Tremblay C, St-Amour I, Pierrisnard C, Faucher-Genest A, Emond V, Julien C, Calon F. Characterization of a 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease with the senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) background. Synapse 2018; 72. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.22025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Virgili
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Laval; Quebec Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Meryem Lebbadi
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Laval; Quebec Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Isabelle St-Amour
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Caroline Pierrisnard
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Laval; Quebec Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Audrey Faucher-Genest
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Vincent Emond
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Carl Julien
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Laval; Quebec Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Laval; Quebec Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec; Université Laval; Québec Canada
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30
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Decker Y, Müller A, Németh E, Schulz-Schaeffer WJ, Fatar M, Menger MD, Liu Y, Fassbender K. Analysis of the vasculature by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded brains. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:1001-1015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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31
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The Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP1) in Type 3 Diabetes: GLP-1 Controls Insulin Resistance, Neuroinflammation and Neurogenesis in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112493. [PMID: 29165354 PMCID: PMC5713459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein and neuroinflammation, is the most common neurodegenerative disease globally. Previous studies have reported that some AD patients show impaired glucose utilization in brain, leading to cognitive decline. Recently, diabetes-induced dementia has been called "type 3 diabetes", based on features in common with those of type 2 diabetes and the progression of AD. Impaired glucose uptake and insulin resistance in the brain are important issues in type 3 diabetes, because these problems ultimately aggravate memory dysfunction in the brain. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has been known to act as a critical controller of the glucose metabolism. Several studies have demonstrated that GLP-1 alleviates learning and memory dysfunction by enhancing the regulation of glucose in the AD brain. However, the specific actions of GLP-1 in the AD brain are not fully understood. Here, we review evidences related to the role of GLP-1 in type 3 diabetes.
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32
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Richetin K, Petsophonsakul P, Roybon L, Guiard BP, Rampon C. Differential alteration of hippocampal function and plasticity in females and males of the APPxPS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 57:220-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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33
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Neuron and neuroblast numbers and cytogenesis in the dentate gyrus of aged APP swe /PS1 dE9 transgenic mice: Effect of long-term treatment with paroxetine. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 104:50-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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34
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Wirths O. Altered neurogenesis in mouse models of Alzheimer disease. NEUROGENESIS 2017; 4:e1327002. [PMID: 29564360 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2017.1327002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, as well as a variety of other protein fragments, are derived from proteolytical cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and have been demonstrated to play a key role in the pathological changes underlying Alzheimer disease (AD). In AD mouse models, altered neurogenesis has been repeatedly reported to be associated with further AD-typical pathological hallmarks such as extracellular plaque deposition, behavioral deficits or neuroinflammation. While a toxic role of Aβ in neurodegeneration and impaired neuronal progenitor proliferation is likely and well-accepted, recent findings also suggest an important influence of APP-derived proteolitical fragments like the APP intracellular domain (AICD), as well as of APP itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Wirths
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
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35
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Sreenivasmurthy SG, Liu JY, Song JX, Yang CB, Malampati S, Wang ZY, Huang YY, Li M. Neurogenic Traditional Chinese Medicine as a Promising Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020272. [PMID: 28134846 PMCID: PMC5343808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis plays a critical role in the formation of new neurons during learning and memory development. Attenuation of neurogenesis in the brain is one of the primary causes of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and, conversely, modulating the process of hippocampal neurogenesis benefit patients with AD. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), particularly herbal medicine, has been in use for thousands of years in Asia and many regions of the world for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize the role of neurotrophic factors, signal transducing factors, epigenetic modulators and neurotransmitters in neurogenesis, and we also discuss the functions of several Chinese herbs and their active molecules in activating multiple pathways involved in neurogenesis. TCM herbs target pathways such as Notch, Wnt, Sonic Hedgehog and receptor tyrosine kinase pathway, leading to activation of a signaling cascade that ultimately enhances the transcription of several important genes necessary for neurogenesis. Given these pathway activating effects, the use of TCM herbs could be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravan Gopalkrishnashetty Sreenivasmurthy
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jing-Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ju-Xian Song
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chuan-Bin Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sandeep Malampati
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ying-Yu Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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36
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Xiao S, Zhou D, Luan P, Gu B, Feng L, Fan S, Liao W, Fang W, Yang L, Tao E, Guo R, Liu J. Graphene quantum dots conjugated neuroprotective peptide improve learning and memory capability. Biomaterials 2016; 106:98-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Holmes HE, Colgan N, Ismail O, Ma D, Powell NM, O'Callaghan JM, Harrison IF, Johnson RA, Murray TK, Ahmed Z, Heggenes M, Fisher A, Cardoso MJ, Modat M, Walker-Samuel S, Fisher EMC, Ourselin S, O'Neill MJ, Wells JA, Collins EC, Lythgoe MF. Imaging the accumulation and suppression of tau pathology using multiparametric MRI. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 39:184-94. [PMID: 26923415 PMCID: PMC4782737 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models of Alzheimer's disease have served as valuable tools for investigating pathogenic mechanisms relating to neurodegeneration, including tau-mediated and neurofibrillary tangle pathology-a major hallmark of the disease. In this work, we have used multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a longitudinal study of neurodegeneration in the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy, a subset of which were treated with doxycycline at different time points to suppress the tau transgene. Using this paradigm, we investigated the sensitivity of multiparametric MRI to both the accumulation and suppression of pathologic tau. Tau-related atrophy was discernible from 5.5 months within the cortex and hippocampus. We observed markedly less atrophy in the treated rTg4510 mice, which was enhanced after doxycycline intervention from 3.5 months. We also observed differences in amide proton transfer, cerebral blood flow, and diffusion tensor imaging parameters in the rTg4510 mice, which were significantly less altered after doxycycline treatment. We propose that these non-invasive MRI techniques offer insight into pathologic mechanisms underpinning Alzheimer's disease that may be important when evaluating emerging therapeutics targeting one of more of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly E Holmes
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Niall Colgan
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ozama Ismail
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Da Ma
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK; Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nick M Powell
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK; Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - James M O'Callaghan
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ian F Harrison
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ross A Johnson
- Tailored Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - M J Cardoso
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marc Modat
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Walker-Samuel
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jack A Wells
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emily C Collins
- Tailored Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
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38
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Llorens-Martín M, Rábano A, Ávila J. The Ever-Changing Morphology of Hippocampal Granule Neurons in Physiology and Pathology. Front Neurosci 2016; 9:526. [PMID: 26834550 PMCID: PMC4717329 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn neurons are continuously added to the hippocampal dentate gyrus throughout adulthood. In this review, we analyze the maturational stages that newborn granule neurons go through, with a focus on their unique morphological features during each stage under both physiological and pathological circumstances. In addition, the influence of deleterious (such as schizophrenia, stress, Alzheimer's disease, seizures, stroke, inflammation, dietary deficiencies, or the consumption of drugs of abuse or toxic substances) and neuroprotective (physical exercise and environmental enrichment) stimuli on the maturation of these cells will be examined. Finally, the regulation of this process by proteins involved in neurodegenerative and neurological disorders such as Glycogen synthase kinase 3β, Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC-1), Glucocorticoid receptor, pro-inflammatory mediators, Presenilin-1, Amyloid precursor protein, Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), among others, will be evaluated. Given the recently acquired relevance of the dendritic branch as a functional synaptic unit required for memory storage, a full understanding of the morphological alterations observed in newborn neurons may have important consequences for the prevention and treatment of the cognitive and affective alterations that evolve in conjunction with impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Llorens-Martín
- Molecular Neurobiology, Function of Microtubular Proteins, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)Madrid, Spain; Neuropathology Department, CIEN FoundationMadrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Molecular Neurobiology, Function of Microtubular Proteins, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)Madrid, Spain
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39
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Ielacqua GD, Schlegel F, Füchtemeier M, Xandry J, Rudin M, Klohs J. Magnetic Resonance Q Mapping Reveals a Decrease in Microvessel Density in the arcAβ Mouse Model of Cerebral Amyloidosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 7:241. [PMID: 26834622 PMCID: PMC4717293 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in density and morphology of the cerebral microvasculature have been reported to occur in Alzheimer's disease patients and animal models of the disease. In this study we compared magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for their utility to detect age-dependent changes of the cerebral vasculature in the arcAβ mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis. Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)-MRI was performed by tracking the passage of a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle in the brain with dynamic gradient echo planar imaging (EPI). From this measurements relative cerebral blood volume [rCBV(DSC)] and relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were estimated. For the same animal maps of the relaxation shift index Q were computed from high resolution gradient echo and spin echo data that were acquired before and after superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticle injection. Q-values were used to derive estimates of microvessel density. The change in the relaxation rates ΔR2* obtained from pre- and post-contrast gradient echo data was used for the alternative determination of rCBV [rCBV(ΔR2*)]. Linear mixed effects modeling found no significant association between rCBV(DSC), rCBV(ΔR2*), rCBF, and Q with genotype in 13-month old mice [compared to age-matched non-transgenic littermates (NTLs)] for any of the evaluated brain regions. In 24-month old mice there was a significant association for rCBV(DSC) with genotype in the cerebral cortex, and for rCBV(ΔR2*) in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. For rCBF there was a significant association in the cerebellum but not in other brain regions. Q-values in the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum in 24-month old mice were significantly associated with genotype. In those regions Q-values were reduced between 11 and 26% in arcAβ mice compared to age-matched NTLs. Vessel staining with CD31 immunohistochemistry confirmed a reduction of microvessel density in the old arcAβ mice. We further demonstrated a region-specific association between parenchymal and vascular deposition of β-amyloid and decreased vascular density, without a correlation with the amount of Aβ deposition. We found that Q mapping was more suitable than the hemodynamic read-outs to detect amyloid-related degeneration of the cerebral microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna D Ielacqua
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH and University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Schlegel
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH and University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Füchtemeier
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBerlin, Germany; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - University Medicine BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Jael Xandry
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH and University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rudin
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH and University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH ZurichZurich, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Klohs
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH and University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH ZurichZurich, Switzerland
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40
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Chai GS, Wang YY, Yasheng A, Zhao P. Beta 2-adrenergic receptor activation enhances neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease mice. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1617-1624. [PMID: 27904493 PMCID: PMC5116841 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.193241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired hippocampal neurogenesis is one of the early pathological features of Alzheimer's disease. Enhancing adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been pursued as a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have demonstrated that environmental novelty activates β2-adrenergic signaling and prevents the memory impairment induced by amyloid-β oligomers. Here, we hypothesized that β2-adrenoceptor activation would enhance neurogenesis and ameliorate memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of action of β2-adrenoceptor activation on neurogenesis and memory in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice using the agonist clenbuterol (intraperitoneal injection, 2 mg/kg). We found that β2-adrenoceptor activation enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis, ameliorated memory deficits, and increased dendritic branching and the density of dendritic spines. These effects were associated with the upregulation of postsynaptic density 95, synapsin 1 and synaptophysin in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, β2-adrenoceptor activation decreased cerebral amyloid plaques by decreasing APP phosphorylation at Thr668. These findings suggest that β2-adrenoceptor activation enhances neurogenesis and ameliorates memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Shang Chai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Amina Yasheng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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41
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Hall VJ, Lindblad MM, Jakobsen JE, Gunnarsson A, Schmidt M, Rasmussen MA, Volke D, Zuchner T, Hyttel P. Impaired APP activity and altered Tau splicing in embryonic stem cell-derived astrocytes obtained from an APPsw transgenic minipig. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1265-78. [PMID: 26398935 PMCID: PMC4610230 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.019489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of familial juvenile onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) often fail to produce diverse pathological features of the disease by modification of single gene mutations that are responsible for the disease. They can hence be poor models for testing and development of novel drugs. Here, we analyze in vitro-produced stem cells and their derivatives from a large mammalian model of the disease created by overexpression of a single mutant human gene (APPsw). We produced hemizygous and homozygous radial glial-like cells following culture and differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) isolated from embryos obtained from mated hemizygous minipigs. These cells were confirmed to co-express varying neural markers, including NES, GFAP and BLBP, typical of type one radial glial cells (RGs) from the subgranular zone. These cells had altered expression of CCND1 and NOTCH1 and decreased expression of several ribosomal RNA genes. We found that these cells were able to differentiate into astrocytes upon directed differentiation. The astrocytes produced had decreased α- and β-secretase activity, increased γ-secretase activity and altered splicing of tau. This indicates novel aspects of early onset mechanisms related to cell renewal and function in familial AD astrocytes. These outcomes also highlight that radial glia could be a potentially useful population of cells for drug discovery, and that altered APP expression and altered tau phosphorylation can be detected in an in vitro model of the disease. Finally, it might be possible to use large mammal models to model familial AD by insertion of only a single mutation. Summary: Insight into astrocyte and radial glia pathology in an in vitro culture system derived from the APPsw pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa J Hall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maiken M Lindblad
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jannik E Jakobsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Faculty of Health, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Gunnarsson
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Faculty of Health, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Schmidt
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Daniela Volke
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thole Zuchner
- Octapharma Biopharmaceuticals GmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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42
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Djelti F, Braudeau J, Hudry E, Dhenain M, Varin J, Bièche I, Marquer C, Chali F, Ayciriex S, Auzeil N, Alves S, Langui D, Potier MC, Laprevote O, Vidaud M, Duyckaerts C, Miles R, Aubourg P, Cartier N. CYP46A1 inhibition, brain cholesterol accumulation and neurodegeneration pave the way for Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2015; 138:2383-98. [PMID: 26141492 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in neuronal cholesterol homeostasis have been suspected or observed in several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. However, it has not been demonstrated whether an increased abundance of cholesterol in neurons in vivo contributes to neurodegeneration. To address this issue, we used RNA interference methodology to inhibit the expression of cholesterol 24-hydroxylase, encoded by the Cyp46a1 gene, in the hippocampus of normal mice. Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase controls cholesterol efflux from the brain and thereby plays a major role in regulating brain cholesterol homeostasis. We used an adeno-associated virus vector encoding short hairpin RNA directed against the mouse Cyp46a1 mRNA to decrease the expression of the Cyp46a1 gene in hippocampal neurons of normal mice. This increased the cholesterol concentration in neurons, followed by cognitive deficits and hippocampal atrophy due to apoptotic neuronal death. Prior to neuronal death, the recruitment of the amyloid protein precursor to lipid rafts was enhanced leading to the production of β-C-terminal fragment and amyloid-β peptides. Abnormal phosphorylation of tau and endoplasmic reticulum stress were also observed. In the APP23 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, the abundance of amyloid-β peptides increased following inhibition of Cyp46a1 expression, and neuronal death was more widespread than in normal mice. Altogether, these results suggest that increased amounts of neuronal cholesterol within the brain may contribute to inducing and/or aggravating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathia Djelti
- 1 INSERM U1169 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre and Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Jerome Braudeau
- 1 INSERM U1169 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre and Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Eloise Hudry
- 1 INSERM U1169 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre and Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Marc Dhenain
- 2 CNRS URA2210 MIRCen CEA Fontenay aux Roses 92265, and Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Jennifer Varin
- 3 EA7331, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- 3 EA7331, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Marquer
- 4 UMR S1127, and INSERM U1127, and CNRS UMR7225, and ICM, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06 75013, Paris, France
| | - Farah Chali
- 4 UMR S1127, and INSERM U1127, and CNRS UMR7225, and ICM, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06 75013, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Ayciriex
- 5 Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, EA 4463, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Auzeil
- 5 Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, EA 4463, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sandro Alves
- 1 INSERM U1169 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre and Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Dominique Langui
- 4 UMR S1127, and INSERM U1127, and CNRS UMR7225, and ICM, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06 75013, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- 4 UMR S1127, and INSERM U1127, and CNRS UMR7225, and ICM, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06 75013, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Laprevote
- 5 Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, EA 4463, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Michel Vidaud
- 3 EA7331, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Charles Duyckaerts
- 4 UMR S1127, and INSERM U1127, and CNRS UMR7225, and ICM, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06 75013, Paris, France
| | - Richard Miles
- 4 UMR S1127, and INSERM U1127, and CNRS UMR7225, and ICM, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06 75013, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Aubourg
- 1 INSERM U1169 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre and Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Nathalie Cartier
- 1 INSERM U1169 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre and Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
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43
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Wells JA, O'Callaghan JM, Holmes HE, Powell NM, Johnson RA, Siow B, Torrealdea F, Ismail O, Walker-Samuel S, Golay X, Rega M, Richardson S, Modat M, Cardoso MJ, Ourselin S, Schwarz AJ, Ahmed Z, Murray TK, O'Neill MJ, Collins EC, Colgan N, Lythgoe MF. In vivo imaging of tau pathology using multi-parametric quantitative MRI. Neuroimage 2015; 111:369-78. [PMID: 25700953 PMCID: PMC4626540 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As the number of people diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) reaches epidemic proportions, there is an urgent need to develop effective treatment strategies to tackle the social and economic costs of this fatal condition. Dozens of candidate therapeutics are currently being tested in clinical trials, and compounds targeting the aberrant accumulation of tau proteins into neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the focus of substantial current interest. Reliable, translatable biomarkers sensitive to both tau pathology and its modulation by treatment along with animal models that faithfully reflect aspects of the human disease are urgently required. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is well established as a valuable tool for monitoring the structural brain changes that accompany AD progression. However the descent into dementia is not defined by macroscopic brain matter loss alone: non-invasive imaging measurements sensitive to protein accumulation, white matter integrity and cerebral haemodynamics probe distinct aspects of AD pathophysiology and may serve as superior biomarkers for assessing drug efficacy. Here we employ a multi-parametric array of five translatable MRI techniques to characterise the in vivo pathophysiological phenotype of the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy (structural imaging, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), arterial spin labelling (ASL), chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and glucose CEST). Tau-induced pathological changes included grey matter atrophy, increased radial diffusivity in the white matter, decreased amide proton transfer and hyperperfusion. We demonstrate that the above markers unambiguously discriminate between the transgenic group and age-matched controls and provide a comprehensive profile of the multifaceted neuropathological processes underlying the rTg4510 model. Furthermore, we show that ASL and DTI techniques offer heightened sensitivity to processes believed to precede detectable structural changes and, as such, provides a platform for the study of disease mechanisms and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Wells
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK.
| | - J M O'Callaghan
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - H E Holmes
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - N M Powell
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK; Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Imaging Computing, University College London, UK
| | - R A Johnson
- Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, UK
| | - B Siow
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - F Torrealdea
- Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - O Ismail
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - S Walker-Samuel
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - X Golay
- Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - M Rega
- Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - S Richardson
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - M Modat
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Imaging Computing, University College London, UK
| | - M J Cardoso
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Imaging Computing, University College London, UK
| | - S Ourselin
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Imaging Computing, University College London, UK
| | - A J Schwarz
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Z Ahmed
- Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, UK
| | - T K Murray
- Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, UK
| | - M J O'Neill
- Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, UK
| | - E C Collins
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - N Colgan
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - M F Lythgoe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
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44
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Duan S, Guan X, Lin R, Liu X, Yan Y, Lin R, Zhang T, Chen X, Huang J, Sun X, Li Q, Fang S, Xu J, Yao Z, Gu H. Silibinin inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity and amyloid β peptide aggregation: a dual-target drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:1792-807. [PMID: 25771396 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid β (Aβ) peptide aggregation and cholinergic neurodegeneration. Therefore, in this paper, we examined silibinin, a flavonoid extracted from Silybum marianum, to determine its potential as a dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Aβ peptide aggregation for AD treatment. To achieve this, we used molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to examine the affinity of silibinin with Aβ and AChE in silico. Next, we used circular dichroism and transmission electron microscopy to study the anti-Aβ aggregation capability of silibinin in vitro. Moreover, a Morris Water Maze test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine double labeling, and a gene gun experiment were performed on silibinin-treated APP/PS1 transgenic mice. In molecular dynamics simulations, silibinin interacted with Aβ and AChE to form different stable complexes. After the administration of silibinin, AChE activity and Aβ aggregations were down-regulated, and the quantity of AChE also decreased. In addition, silibinin-treated APP/PS1 transgenic mice had greater scores in the Morris Water Maze. Moreover, silibinin could increase the number of newly generated microglia, astrocytes, neurons, and neuronal precursor cells. Taken together, these data suggest that silibinin could act as a dual inhibitor of AChE and Aβ peptide aggregation, therefore suggesting a therapeutic strategy for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Duan
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyin Guan
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runxuan Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xincheng Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruibang Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueman Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xicui Sun
- Guangzhou Brain and Psychiatric Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoliang Fang
- Key Lab of High Performance Computing of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Institute of Human Virology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Yao
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaiyu Gu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Hu SQ, Cui W, Mak SH, Choi CL, Hu YJ, Li G, Tsim KWK, Pang YP, Han YF. Robust Neuritogenesis-Promoting Activity by Bis(heptyl)-Cognitin Through the Activation of alpha7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor/ERK Pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 21:520-9. [PMID: 25917415 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Neurodegenerative disorders are caused by progressive neuronal loss in the brain, and hence, compounds that could promote neuritogenesis may have therapeutic values. In this study, the effects of bis(heptyl)-cognitin (B7C), a multifunctional dimer, on neurite outgrowth were investigated in both PC12 cells and primary cortical neurons. METHODS Immunocytochemical staining was used to evaluate the proneuritogenesis effects, and Western blot and short hairpin RNA assays were applied to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS B7C (0.1-0.5 μM) induced robust neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells, as evidenced by the neurite-bearing morphology and upregulation of growth-associated protein-43 expression. In addition, B7C markedly promoted neurite outgrowth in primary cortical neurons as shown by the increase in the length of β-III-tubulin-positive neurites. Furthermore, B7C rapidly increased ERK phosphorylation. Specific inhibitors of alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) and MEK, but not those of p38 or JNK, blocked the neurite outgrowth as well as ERK phosphorylation induced by B7C. Most importantly, genetic depletion of α7-nAChR significantly abolished B7C-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. CONCLUSION B7C promoted neurite outgrowth through the activation of α7-nAChR/ERK pathway, which offers novel insight into the potential application of B7C in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Quan Hu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of New Drug Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic, Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangdong, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shing-Hung Mak
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chung-Lit Choi
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan-Jia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Gang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan-Ping Pang
- Mayo Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yi-Fan Han
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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46
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Adlard PA, Tran BA, Finkelstein DI, Desmond PM, Johnston LA, Bush AI, Egan GF. A review of β-amyloid neuroimaging in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:327. [PMID: 25400539 PMCID: PMC4215612 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. As advancing age is the greatest risk factor for developing AD, the number of those afflicted is expected to increase markedly with the aging of the world's population. The inability to definitively diagnose AD until autopsy remains an impediment to establishing effective targeted treatments. Neuroimaging has enabled in vivo visualization of pathological changes in the brain associated with the disease, providing a greater understanding of its pathophysiological development and progression. However, neuroimaging biomarkers do not yet offer clear advantages over current clinical diagnostic criteria for them to be accepted into routine clinical use. Nonetheless, current insights from neuroimaging combined with the elucidation of biochemical and molecular processes in AD are informing the ongoing development of new imaging techniques and their application. Much of this research has been greatly assisted by the availability of transgenic mouse models of AD. In this review we summarize the main efforts of neuroimaging in AD in humans and in mouse models, with a specific focus on β-amyloid, and discuss the potential of new applications and novel approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Adlard
- Division of Mental Health, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bob A. Tran
- Department of Radiology, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David I. Finkelstein
- Division of Mental Health, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patricia M. Desmond
- Department of Radiology, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Leigh A. Johnston
- Division of Mental Health, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- Division of Mental Health, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary F. Egan
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
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Yan Y, Ma T, Gong K, Ao Q, Zhang X, Gong Y. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation promotes adult neurogenesis in the brains of Alzheimer's disease mice. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:798-805. [PMID: 25206892 PMCID: PMC4146257 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.131596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we transplanted adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into the hippocampi of APP/PS1 transgenic Alzheimer's disease model mice. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the number of newly generated (BrdU(+)) cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus was significantly higher in Alzheimer's disease mice after adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, and there was also a significant increase in the number of BrdU(+)/DCX(+) neuroblasts in these animals. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation enhanced neurogenic activity in the subventricular zone as well. Furthermore, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation reduced oxidative stress and alleviated cognitive impairment in the mice. Based on these findings, we propose that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation enhances endogenous neurogenesis in both the subgranular and subventricular zones in APP/PS1 transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice, thereby facilitating functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tuo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ao
- Institute of Neurological Disorders, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiufang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yandao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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48
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Tan MS, Tan L, Jiang T, Zhu XC, Wang HF, Jia CD, Yu JT. Amyloid-β induces NLRP1-dependent neuronal pyroptosis in models of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1382. [PMID: 25144717 PMCID: PMC4454321 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown the aberrant expression of inflammasome-related proteins in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain; these proteins, including NLRP1 inflammasome, are implicated in the execution of inflammatory response and pyroptotic death. Although current data are associated NLRP1 genetic variants with AD, the involvement of NLRP1 inflammasome in AD pathogenesis is still unknown. Using APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice, we found that cerebral NLRP1 levels were upregulated. Our in vitro studies further showed that increased NLRP1-mediated caspase-1-dependent ‘pyroptosis' in cultured cortical neurons in response to amyloid-β. Moreover, we employed direct in vivo infusion of non-viral small-interfering RNA to knockdown NLRP1 or caspase-1 in APPswe/PS1dE9 brain, and discovered that these NLRP1 or caspase-1 deficiency mice resulted in significantly reduced neuronal pyroptosis and reversed cognitive impairments. Taken together, our findings indicate an important role for NLRP1/caspase-1 signaling in AD progression, and point to the modulation of NLRP1 inflammasome as a promising strategy for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-S Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - L Tan
- 1] Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China [2] Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China [3] Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - T Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - X-C Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - H-F Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - C-D Jia
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - J-T Yu
- 1] Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China [2] Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China [3] Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China [4] Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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49
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Abstract
Granule neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) receive their primary inputs from the cortex and are known to be continuously generated throughout adult life. Ongoing integration of newborn neurons into the existing hippocampal neural circuitry provides enhanced neuroplasticity, which plays a crucial role in learning and memory; deficits in this process have been associated with cognitive decline under neuropathological conditions. In this Primer, we summarize the developmental principles that regulate the process of DG neurogenesis and discuss recent advances in harnessing these developmental cues to generate DG granule neurons from human pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana X Yu
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maria C Marchetto
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fred H Gage
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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50
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Roy M, Cardoso C, Dorieux O, Malgorn C, Epelbaum S, Petit F, Kraska A, Brouillet E, Delatour B, Perret M, Aujard F, Dhenain M. Age-associated evolution of plasmatic amyloid in mouse lemur primates: relationship with intracellular amyloid deposition. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:149-56. [PMID: 25131002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) deposition in the brain is one of its hallmarks, and the measure of plasma Aβ is considered to be a biomarker for anti-amyloid drug efficacy in animal models of AD. However, age-associated plasmatic Aβ modulation in animal models is practically never addressed in the literature. Mouse lemur primates are used as a model of normal and AD-like cerebral aging. Here, we studied the effect of age on plasmatic Aβ in 58 mouse lemurs aged from 1 to 10 years. A subset of animals presented high plasmatic Aβ, and the proportion of animals with high plasmatic Aβ was higher in aged animals as compared with young ones. Histologic evaluation of the brain of some of these animals was carried out to assess extracellular and intracellular amyloid load. In aged lemurs, plasmatic Aβ was negatively correlated with the density of neurons accumulating deposits of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Roy
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, URA CEA CNRS 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, URA 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Research Center on Aging, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cécile Cardoso
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, URA CEA CNRS 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, URA 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Olène Dorieux
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, URA CEA CNRS 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, URA 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS UMR 7179, MNHN, Brunoy, France
| | - Carole Malgorn
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, URA CEA CNRS 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, URA 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Paris, France; Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; ICM, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Petit
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, URA CEA CNRS 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, URA 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Audrey Kraska
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, URA CEA CNRS 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, URA 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, URA CEA CNRS 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, URA 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Benoît Delatour
- Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Paris, France; Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; ICM, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Marc Dhenain
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, URA CEA CNRS 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, URA 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France.
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