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Alsina R, Riba M, Pérez-Millan A, Borrego-Écija S, Aldecoa I, Romera C, Balasa M, Antonell A, Lladó A, Compta Y, Del Valle J, Sánchez-Valle R, Pelegrí C, Molina-Porcel L, Vilaplana J. Increase in wasteosomes (corpora amylacea) in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with specific detection of tau, TDP-43 and FUS pathology. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:97. [PMID: 38879502 PMCID: PMC11179228 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Wasteosomes (or corpora amylacea) are polyglucosan bodies that appear in the human brain with aging and in some neurodegenerative diseases, and have been suggested to have a potential role in a nervous system cleaning mechanism. Despite previous studies in several neurodegenerative disorders, their status in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) remains unexplored. Our study aims to characterize wasteosomes in the three primary FTLD proteinopathies, assessing frequency, distribution, protein detection, and association with aging or disease duration. Wasteosome scores were obtained in various brain regions from 124 post-mortem diagnosed sporadic FTLD patients, including 75 participants with tau (FTLD-tau), 42 with TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (FTLD-TDP), and 7 with Fused in Sarcoma (FTLD-FUS) proteinopathies, along with 29 control subjects. The wasteosome amount in each brain region for the different FLTD patients was assessed with a permutation test with age at death and sex as covariables, and multiple regressions explored associations with age at death and disease duration. Double immunofluorescence studies examined altered proteins linked to FTLD in wasteosomes. FTLD patients showed a higher accumulation of wasteosomes than control subjects, especially those with FTLD-FUS. Unlike FTLD-TDP and control subjects, wasteosome accumulation did not increase with age in FTLD-tau and FTLD-FUS. Cases with shorter disease duration in FTLD-tau and FTLD-FUS seemed to exhibit higher wasteosome quantities, whereas FTLD-TDP appeared to show an increase with disease progression. Immunofluorescence studies revealed the presence of tau and phosphorylated-TDP-43 in the periphery of isolated wasteosomes in some patients with FTLD-tau and FTLD-TDP, respectively. Central inclusions of FUS were observed in a higher number of wasteosomes in FTLD-FUS patients. These findings suggest a role of wasteosomes in FTLD, especially in the more aggressive forms of FLTD-FUS. Detecting these proteins, particularly FUS, in wasteosomes from cerebrospinal fluid could be a potential biomarker for FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Alsina
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Riba
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Agnès Pérez-Millan
- Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Borrego-Écija
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iban Aldecoa
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clínic-FRCB-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CBD), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Romera
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mircea Balasa
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Antonell
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Lladó
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yaroslau Compta
- Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, European Reference Network On Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Del Valle
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Pelegrí
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clínic-FRCB-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vilaplana
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Riew TR, Hwang JW, Jin X, Kim HL, Jung SJ, Lee MY. Astrocytes are involved in the formation of corpora amylacea-like structures from neuronal debris in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus after ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1308247. [PMID: 38188667 PMCID: PMC10766773 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1308247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that the corpora amylacea (CA), a glycoprotein-rich aggregate frequently found in aged brains, accumulates in the ischemic hippocampus and that osteopontin (OPN) mediates the entire process of CA formation. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which astrocytes and microglia participate in CA formation during the late phase (4-12 weeks) of brain ischemia. Based on various morphological analyses, including immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, immunoelectron microscopy, and correlative light and electron microscopy, we propose that astrocytes are the primary cells responsible for CA formation after ischemia. During the subacute phase after ischemia, astrocytes, rather than microglia, express Opn messenger ribonucleic acid and OPN protein, a surrogate marker and key component of CA. Furthermore, the specific localization of OPN in the Golgi complex suggests that it is synthesized and secreted by astrocytes. Astrocytes were in close proximity to type I OPN deposits, which accumulated in the mitochondria of degenerating neurons before fully forming the CA (type III OPN deposits). Throughout CA formation, astrocytes remained closely attached to OPN deposits, with their processes exhibiting well-developed gap junctions. Astrocytic cytoplasmic protein S100β, a calcium-binding protein, was detected within the fully formed CA. Additionally, ultrastructural analysis revealed direct contact between astroglial fibrils and the forming facets of the CA. Overall, we demonstrated that astrocytes play a central role in mediating CA formation from the initial stages of OPN deposit accumulation to the evolution of fully formed CA following transient ischemia in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ryong Riew
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Hwang
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuyan Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Lim Kim
- Integrative Research Support Center, Laboratory of Electron Microscope, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sharon Jiyoon Jung
- Technological Convergence Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Yong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Osteopontin mediates the formation of corpora amylacea-like structures from degenerating neurons in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus after ischemia. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:443-463. [PMID: 35688947 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that osteopontin (OPN) is closely associated with calcium precipitation in response to ischemic brain insults. The present study was designed to elucidate the possible association between deposition of OPN and progressive neurodegeneration in the ischemic hippocampus. To address this, we analyzed the OPN deposits in the rat hippocampus after global cerebral ischemia in the chronic phase (4 to 12 weeks) after reperfusion using immunoelectron microscopy and correlative light and electron microscopy. We identified three different types of OPN deposits based on their morphological characteristics, numbered according to the order in which they evolved. Dark degenerative cells that retained cellular morphology were frequently observed in the pyramidal cell layer, and type I OPN deposits were degenerative mitochondria that accumulated among these cells. Type II deposits evolved into more complex amorphous structures with prominent OPN deposits within their periphery and within degenerative mitochondria-like structures. Finally, type III had large concentric laminated structures with irregularly shaped bodies in the center of the deposits. In all types, OPN expression was closely correlated with calcification, as confirmed by calcium fixation and Alizarin Red staining. Notably, type II and III deposits were highly reminiscent of corpora amylacea, glycoprotein-rich aggregates found in aged brains, or neurodegenerative disease, which was further confirmed by ubiquitin expression and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Overall, our data provide a novel link between ongoing neurodegeneration and the formation of corpora amylacea-like structures and calcium deposits in the ischemic hippocampus, suggesting that OPN may play an important role in such processes.
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Wilhelmus MMM, Chouchane O, Loos M, Jongenelen CAM, Brevé JJP, Jonker A, Bol JGJM, Smit AB, Drukarch B. Absence of tissue transglutaminase reduces amyloid-beta pathology in APP23 mice. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12796. [PMID: 35141929 PMCID: PMC9304226 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aims Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by amyloid‐beta (Aβ) aggregates in the brain. Targeting Aβ aggregates is a major approach for AD therapies, although attempts have had little to no success so far. A novel treatment option is to focus on blocking the actual formation of Aβ multimers. The enzyme tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is abundantly expressed in the human brain and plays a key role in post‐translational modifications in Aβ resulting in covalently cross‐linked, stable and neurotoxic Aβ oligomers. In vivo absence of TG2 in the APP23 mouse model may provide evidence that TG2 plays a key role in development and/or progression of Aβ‐related pathology. Methods Here, we compared the effects on Aβ pathology in the presence or absence of TG2 using 12‐month‐old wild type, APP23 and a crossbreed of the TG2−/− mouse model and APP23 mice (APP23/TG2−/−). Results Using immunohistochemistry, we found that the number of Aβ deposits was significantly reduced in the absence of TG2 compared with age‐matched APP23 mice. To pinpoint possible TG2‐associated mechanisms involved in this observation, we analysed soluble brain Aβ1–40, Aβ1–42 and/or Aβ40/42 ratio, and mRNA levels of human APP and TG2 family members present in brain of the various mouse models. In addition, using immunohistochemistry, both beta‐pleated sheet formation in Aβ deposits and the presence of reactive astrocytes associated with Aβ deposits were analysed. Conclusions We found that absence of TG2 reduces the formation of Aβ pathology in the APP23 mouse model, suggesting that TG2 may be a suitable therapeutic target for reducing Aβ deposition in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha M M Wilhelmus
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Osoul Chouchane
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Loos
- Sylics (Synaptologics BV), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M Jongenelen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John J P Brevé
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allert Jonker
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John G J M Bol
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Drukarch
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Xu C, Owen JE, Gislason T, Benediktsdottir B, Robinson SR. Quantitative analysis of size and regional distribution of corpora amylacea in the hippocampal formation of obstructive sleep apnoea patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20892. [PMID: 34686751 PMCID: PMC8536671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Corpora amylacea (CoA) are spherical aggregates of glucose polymers and proteins within the periventricular, perivascular and subpial regions of the cerebral cortex and the hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA) subfields. The present study quantified the distribution of CoA in autopsied hippocampi of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) using ethanolamine-induced fluorescence. CoA were observed in 29 of 30 patients (96.7%). They were most abundant in periventricular regions (wall of lateral ventricle, alveus, fimbria and CA4), rarely found in the CA3 and CA1, and undetectable in the CA2 or subiculum. A spatiotemporal sequence of CoA deposition was postulated, beginning in the fimbria and progressively spreading around the subpial layer until they extended medially to the wall of the lateral ventricle and laterally to the collateral sulcus. This ranked CoA sequence was positively correlated with CoA packing density (count and area fraction) and negatively correlated with CoA minimum diameters (p < 0.05). Although this sequence was not correlated with age or body mass index (BMI), age was positively correlated with the mean and maximum diameters of CoA. These findings support the view that the spatiotemporal sequence of CoA deposition is independent of age, and that CoA become larger due to the accretion of new material over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Xu
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica E Owen
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bryndis Benediktsdottir
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Stephen R Robinson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia. .,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia. .,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
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Zahedi K, Brooks M, Barone S, Rahmati N, Murray Stewart T, Dunworth M, Destefano-Shields C, Dasgupta N, Davidson S, Lindquist DM, Fuller CE, Smith RD, Cleveland JL, Casero RA, Soleimani M. Ablation of polyamine catabolic enzymes provokes Purkinje cell damage, neuroinflammation, and severe ataxia. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:301. [PMID: 33054763 PMCID: PMC7559641 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyamine catabolism plays a key role in maintaining intracellular polyamine pools, yet its physiological significance is largely unexplored. Here, we report that the disruption of polyamine catabolism leads to severe cerebellar damage and ataxia, demonstrating the fundamental role of polyamine catabolism in the maintenance of cerebellar function and integrity. METHODS Mice with simultaneous deletion of the two principal polyamine catabolic enzymes, spermine oxidase and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (Smox/Sat1-dKO), were generated by the crossbreeding of Smox-KO (Smox-/-) and Sat1-KO (Sat1-/-) animals. Development and progression of tissue injury was monitored using imaging, behavioral, and molecular analyses. RESULTS Smox/Sat1-dKO mice are normal at birth, but develop progressive cerebellar damage and ataxia. The cerebellar injury in Smox/Sat1-dKO mice is associated with Purkinje cell loss and gliosis, leading to neuroinflammation and white matter demyelination during the latter stages of the injury. The onset of tissue damage in Smox/Sat1-dKO mice is not solely dependent on changes in polyamine levels as cerebellar injury was highly selective. RNA-seq analysis and confirmatory studies revealed clear decreases in the expression of Purkinje cell-associated proteins and significant increases in the expression of transglutaminases and markers of neurodegenerative microgliosis and astrocytosis. Further, the α-Synuclein expression, aggregation, and polyamination levels were significantly increased in the cerebellum of Smox/Sat1-dKO mice. Finally, there were clear roles of transglutaminase-2 (TGM2) in the cerebellar pathologies manifest in Smox/Sat1-dKO mice, as pharmacological inhibition of transglutaminases reduced the severity of ataxia and cerebellar injury in Smox/Sat1-dKO mice. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the disruption of polyamine catabolism, via coordinated alterations in tissue polyamine levels, elevated transglutaminase activity and increased expression, polyamination, and aggregation of α-Synuclein, leads to severe cerebellar damage and ataxia. These studies indicate that polyamine catabolism is necessary to Purkinje cell survival, and for sustaining the functional integrity of the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Zahedi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico College of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, Bldg. 289, IDTC 3315, Albuquerque, NM, 87113, USA.
- Present Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico College of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Marybeth Brooks
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Present Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico College of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Sharon Barone
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
- Present Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico College of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Negah Rahmati
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Matthew Dunworth
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Christina Destefano-Shields
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Nupur Dasgupta
- The Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Steve Davidson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Diana M Lindquist
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Christine E Fuller
- Upstate Medical University Department of Pathology, Syracuse, NY, 13219, USA
| | - Roger D Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Robert A Casero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico College of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, Bldg. 289, IDTC 3315, Albuquerque, NM, 87113, USA.
- Present Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico College of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Duran J, Gruart A, López-Ramos JC, Delgado-García JM, Guinovart JJ. Glycogen in Astrocytes and Neurons: Physiological and Pathological Aspects. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 23:311-329. [PMID: 31667813 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27480-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brain glycogen is stored mainly in astrocytes, although neurons also have an active glycogen metabolism. Glycogen has gained relevance as a key player in brain function. In this regard, genetically modified animals have allowed researchers to unravel new roles of this polysaccharide in the brain. Remarkably, mice in which glycogen synthase is abolished in the brain, and thus devoid of brain glycogen, are viable, thereby indicating that the polysaccharide in this organ is not a requirement for survival. While there was growing evidence supporting a role of glycogen in learning and memory, these animals have now confirmed that glycogen participates in these two processes.The association of epilepsy with brain glycogen has also attracted attention. Analysis of genetically modified mice indicates that the relation between brain glycogen and epilepsy is complex. While the formation of glycogen aggregates clearly underlies epilepsy, as in Lafora Disease (LD), the absence of glycogen also favors the occurrence of seizures.LD is a rare genetic condition that affects children. It is characterized by epileptic seizures and neurodegeneration, and it develops rapidly until finally causing death. Research into this disease has unveiled new aspects of glycogen metabolism. Animal models of LD accumulate polyglucosan bodies formed by aberrant glycogen aggregates, called Lafora bodies (LBs). The abolition of glycogen synthase (GS) prevents the formation of LBs and the development of LD, thereby indicating that glycogen accumulation underlies this disease and the associated symptoms, and thus establishing a clear relation between the accumulation of glycogen aggregates and the incidence of seizures.Although it was initially accepted that LBs were essentially neuronal, it is now evident that astrocytes also accumulate polyglucosan aggregates in LD. However, the appearance and composition of these deposits differs from that observed in neurons. Of note, the astrocytic aggregates in LD models show remarkable similarities with corpora amylacea (CA), a type of polyglucosan aggregate observed in the brains of aged mice and humans. The abolition of GS in mice also impedes the formation of CA with age and at the same time prevents the formation of a number of protein aggregates associated with aging. Therefore CA may play a role in age-related neurological decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Agnès Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Wang P, Zhu H, Lu W, Song Q, Chen Z, Wu Y, Wang H, Yu D, Ye H, Shi H, Yin S. Subcellular Abnormalities of Vestibular Nerve Morphology in Patients With Intractable Meniere's Disease. Front Neurol 2019; 10:948. [PMID: 31555202 PMCID: PMC6742714 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Few studies so far have focused on the retrocochlear lesions in Meniere's disease (MD). This study aims to investigate pathological alterations in the central portion of the vestibular nerve (VN) in patients with intractable Meniere's disease (MD) and to explore retrocochlear lesions and their relationship with disease severity. Methods: Eight MD patients with refractory vertigo received vestibular neurectomy via a retrosigmoid or translabyrinthine approach. Segments of VN were carefully removed and immediately fixed for histopathological examination. Five VN specimens were examined by light microscopy after hematoxylin/eosin staining; three specimens were extensively analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, to identify VN ultrastructural lesions. Correlations between lesions and patient clinical characteristics were examined. Results: Histopathological examination revealed evidence of various types of chronic VN impairment, including the formation of corpora amylacea (CA), axon atrophy, and severe damage to the myelin sheath. Electron microscopy revealed membranous whorls within dilated Schmidt-Lanterman incisures, the formation of myeloid bodies, dysmyelination, and demyelination. Unexpectedly, we observed a positive correlation between the density of CA in VN tissue and the duration of disease, as well as the degree of hearing impairment, independent of age. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that deformation of subcellular organelles in the central portion of the VN is one of the key pathological indicators for the progressive severity and intractability of vertigo and support a vestibular nerve degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjun Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaming Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengnong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqin Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongzhen Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
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9
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Cerebral Corpora amylacea are dense membranous labyrinths containing structurally preserved cell organelles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18046. [PMID: 30575769 PMCID: PMC6303404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Corpora amylacea are cell-derived structures that appear physiologically in the aged human brain. While their histological identification is straightforward, their ultrastructural composition and microenvironment at the nanoscale have remained unclear so far, as has their relevance to aging and certain disease states that involve the sequestration of toxic cellular metabolites. Here, we apply correlative serial block-face scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron tomography to gain three-dimensional insight into the ultrastructure and surrounding microenvironment of cerebral Corpora amylacea in the human brainstem and hippocampal region. We find that cerebral Corpora amylacea are composed of dense labyrinth-like sheets of lipid membranes, contain vesicles as well as morphologically preserved mitochondria, and are in close proximity to blood vessels and the glymphatic system, primarily within the cytoplasm of perivascular glial cells. Our results clarify the nature of cerebral Corpora amylacea and provide first hints on how they may arise and develop in the aging brain.
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10
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Exploring the elusive composition of corpora amylacea of human brain. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13525. [PMID: 30202002 PMCID: PMC6131176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Corpora amylacea (CA) are polyglucosan bodies that accumulate in the human brain during ageing and are also present in large numbers in neurodegenerative conditions. Theories regarding the function of CA are regularly updated as new components are described. In previous work, we revealed the presence of some neo-epitopes in CA and the existence of some natural IgM antibodies directed against these neo-epitopes. We also noted that these neo-epitopes and IgMs were the cause of false staining in CA immunohistochemical studies, and disproved the proposed presence of β-amyloid peptides and tau protein in them. Here we extend the list of components erroneously attributed to CA. We show that, contrary to previous descriptions, CA do not contain GFAP, S100, AQP4, NeuN or class III β-tubulin, and we question the presence of other components. Nonetheless, we observe that CA contains ubiquitin and p62, both of them associated with processes of elimination of waste substances, and also glycogen synthase, an indispensable enzyme for polyglucosan formation. In summary, this study shows that it is imperative to continue reviewing previous studies about CA but, more importantly, it shows that the vision of CA as structures involved in protective or cleaning mechanisms remains the most consistent theory.
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11
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Augé E, Pelegrí C, Manich G, Cabezón I, Guinovart JJ, Duran J, Vilaplana J. Astrocytes and neurons produce distinct types of polyglucosan bodies in Lafora disease. Glia 2018; 66:2094-2107. [PMID: 30152044 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lafora disease (LD), the most devastating adolescence-onset epilepsy, is caused by mutations in the EPM2A or EPM2B genes, which encode the proteins laforin and malin, respectively. Loss of function of one of these proteins, which are involved in the regulation of glycogen synthesis, induces the accumulation of polyglucosan bodies (PGBs)-known as Lafora bodies (LBs) and associated with neurons-in the brain. Ageing and some neurodegenerative conditions lead to the appearance of another type of PGB called corpora amylacea, which are associated with astrocytes and contain neo-epitopes that can be recognized by natural antibodies. Here we studied the PGBs in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of malin knockout mice, a mouse model of LD. These animals presented not only LBs associated with neurons but also a significant number of PGBs associated with astrocytes. These astrocytic PGBs were also increased in mice from senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) strain and mice with overexpression of Protein Targeting to Glycogen (PTGOE ), indicating that they are not exclusive of LD. The astrocytic PGBs, but not neuronal LBs, contained neo-epitopes that are recognized by natural antibodies. The astrocytic PGBs appeared predominantly in the hippocampus but were also present in some cortical brain regions, while neuronal LBs were found mainly in the brain cortex and the pyramidal layer of hippocampal regions CA2 and CA3. Our results indicate that astrocytes, contrary to current belief, are involved in the etiopathogenesis of LD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Augé
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Pelegrí
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Manich
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itsaso Cabezón
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Vilaplana
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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12
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New perspectives on corpora amylacea in the human brain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41807. [PMID: 28155917 PMCID: PMC5290524 DOI: 10.1038/srep41807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Corpora amylacea are structures of unknown origin and function that appear with age in human brains and are profuse in selected brain areas in several neurodegenerative conditions. They are constituted of glucose polymers and may contain waste elements derived from different cell types. As we previously found on particular polyglucosan bodies in mouse brain, we report here that corpora amylacea present some neo-epitopes that can be recognized by natural antibodies, a certain kind of antibodies that are involved in tissue homeostasis. We hypothesize that corpora amylacea, and probably some other polyglucosan bodies, are waste containers in which deleterious or residual products are isolated to be later eliminated through the action of the innate immune system. In any case, the presence of neo-epitopes on these structures and the existence of natural antibodies directed against them could become a new focal point for the study of both age-related and degenerative brain processes.
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13
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Abstract
The presence of corpora amylacea (CA) in the CNS is associated with both normal aging and neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). CA are spherical bodies ranging in diameter (10–50 μm) and whose origin has been documented to be derived from both neural and glial sources. CA are reported to be primarily composed of glucose polymers, but approximately 4% of the total weight of CA is consistently composed of protein. CA are typically localized in the subpial, periventricular and perivascular regions within the CNS. The presence of CA in VaD has recently been documented and of interest was the localization of CA within the hippocampus proper. Despite numerous efforts, the precise role of CA in normal aging or disease is not known. The purpose of this mini review is to highlight the potential function of CA in various neurodegenerative disorders with an emphasis on the potential role if any these structures may play in the etiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy T Rohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, USA
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14
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Day RJ, Mason MJ, Thomas C, Poon WW, Rohn TT. Caspase-Cleaved Tau Co-Localizes with Early Tangle Markers in the Human Vascular Dementia Brain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132637. [PMID: 26161867 PMCID: PMC4498690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia in the United States and is characterized as a cerebral vessel vascular disease that leads to ischemic episodes. Whereas the relationship between caspase-cleaved tau and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been previously described, whether caspase activation and cleavage of tau occurs in VaD is presently unknown. To investigate a potential role for caspase-cleaved tau in VaD, we analyzed seven confirmed cases of VaD by immunohistochemistry utilizing a well-characterized antibody that specifically detects caspase-cleaved tau truncated at Asp421. Application of this antibody (TauC3) revealed consistent labeling within NFTs, dystrophic neurites within plaque-rich regions and corpora amylacea (CA) in the human VaD brain. Labeling of CA by the TauC3 antibody was widespread throughout the hippocampus proper, was significantly higher compared to age matched controls, and co-localized with ubiquitin. Staining of the TauC3 antibody co-localized with MC-1, AT8, and PHF-1 within NFTs. Quantitative analysis indicated that roughly 90% of PHF-1-labeled NFTs contained caspase-cleaved tau. In addition, we documented the presence of active caspase-3 within plaques, blood vessels and pretangle neurons that co-localized with TauC3. Collectively, these data support a role for the activation of caspase-3 and proteolytic cleavage of TauC3 in VaD providing further support for the involvement of this family of proteases in NFT pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Day
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science Building, Room 228, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, 83725, United States of America
| | - Maria J. Mason
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, United States of America
| | - Chloe Thomas
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, United States of America
| | - Wayne W. Poon
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, United States of America
| | - Troy T. Rohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science Building, Room 228, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, 83725, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Zhan X, Jickling GC, Ander BP, Liu D, Stamova B, Cox C, Jin LW, DeCarli C, Sharp FR. Myelin injury and degraded myelin vesicles in Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2014; 11:232-8. [PMID: 24484278 DOI: 10.2174/1567205011666140131120922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myelin disruption is an important feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that contributes to impairment of neuronal circuitry and cognition. In this study we characterize myelin degradation in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease compared with normal aged controls. METHODS Myelin from patients with AD (n=13) was compared to matched controls (n=6). Myelin degradation was examined by immunohistochemistry in frontal white matter (WM) for intact myelin basic protein (MBP), degraded MBP, the presence of myelin lipid and for PAS staining. The relationship of myelin degradation and axonal injury was also assessed. RESULTS Brains from patients with AD had significant loss of intact MBP, and an increase in degraded MBP in periventricular WM adjacent to a denuded ependymal layer. In regions of myelin degradation, vesicles were identified that stained positive for degraded MBP, myelin lipid, and neurofilament but not for intact MBP. Most vesicles stained for PAS, a corpora amylacea marker. The vesicles were significantly more abundant in the periventricular WM of AD patients compared to controls (44.5 ± 11.0 versus 1.7 ± 1.1, p=0.02). CONCLUSION In AD patients degraded MBP is associated in part with vesicles particularly in periventricular WM that is adjacent to areas of ependymal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Frank R Sharp
- University of California at Davis, M.I.N.D. Institute - Room 2415, 2805 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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16
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Astroglial heme oxygenase-1 and the origin of corpora amylacea in aging and degenerating neural tissues. Exp Neurol 2014; 254:78-89. [PMID: 24440642 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corpora amylacea (CA) are glycoproteinaceous (predominantly glial and extracellular) inclusions that accumulate in normal aging brain and, to a greater extent, in Alzheimer disease (AD). Previous pharmacological evidence suggested that up-regulation of endogenous heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in astrocytes promotes transformation of normal mitochondria to CA-like inclusions. Here, we determined whether 1) HMOX1 transfection fosters the accumulation of CA-like inclusions in cultured rat astroglia; 2) the HMOX1 transgene promotes CA formation in the brains of aging GFAP.HMOX1 mice; and 3) brain mitochondrial damage and CA biogenesis are augmented in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a harbinger of AD. METHODS CA were ascertained in (i) neonatal rat astroglia transfected with flag-tagged human HO-1 cDNA, (ii) brain sections derived from 19month-old GFAP.HMOX1 and wild-type (WT) mice, and (iii) post-mortem hippocampal sections from individuals with mild (MCI) and no cognitive impairment (NCI) after staining with PAS or antisera against HO-1, ubiquitin (Ub), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and α-synuclein or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). RESULTS HMOX1 transfection induced cytoplasmic vacuolation and the accumulation of PAS+ inclusions in cultured astroglia. Numerous CA-like inclusions stained with PAS and immunoreactive for HO-1, Ub and MnSOD were observed in the brains of GFAP.HMOX1 mice, but were rarely encountered in age-matched, WT controls. Numbers of HO-1-positive CA were significantly increased in certain hippocampal strata of MCI subjects relative to NCI preparations. MnSOD and Ub proteins co-localized to CA in both the control and MCI specimens. CONCLUSIONS HO-1 promotes mitochondrial damage and CA biogenesis in astrocyte cultures and in the intact aging brain. CA formation is enhanced in the MCI hippocampus and thus occurs relatively early in the pathogenesis of AD. Glial HO-1 suppression may attenuate bioenergetic failure and slow disease progression in AD and other neurodegenerative conditions featuring accelerated accumulation of CA.
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17
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Wilhelmus MMM, Drukarch B. Tissue transglutaminase is a biochemical marker for Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:e3-4. [PMID: 24080177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Micha M M Wilhelmus
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Cellular Neuropharmacology Section, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Benjamin Drukarch
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Cellular Neuropharmacology Section, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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18
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Notter T, Knuesel I. Reelin immunoreactivity in neuritic varicosities in the human hippocampal formation of non-demented subjects and Alzheimer's disease patients. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2013; 1:27. [PMID: 24252415 PMCID: PMC3893416 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-1-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reelin and its downstream signaling members are important modulators of actin and microtubule cytoskeleton dynamics, a fundamental prerequisite for proper neurodevelopment and adult neuronal functions. Reductions in Reelin levels have been suggested to contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. We have previously reported an age-related reduction in Reelin levels and its accumulation in neuritic varicosities along the olfactory-limbic tracts, which correlated with cognitive impairments in aged mice. Here, we aimed to investigate whether a similar Reelin-associated neuropathology is observed in the aged human hippocampus and whether it correlated with dementia status. RESULTS Our immunohistochemical stainings revealed the presence of N- and C-terminus-containing Reelin fragments in corpora amylacea (CAm), aging-associated spherical deposits. The density of these deposits was increased in the molecular layer of the subiculum of AD compared to non-demented individuals. Despite the limitation of a small sample size, our evaluation of several neuronal and glial markers indicates that the presence of Reelin in CAm might be related to aging-associated impairments in neuronal transport leading to accumulation of organelles and protein metabolites in neuritic varicosities, as previously suggested by the findings and discussions in rodents and primates. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that aging- and disease-associated changes in Reelin levels and proteolytic processing might play a role in the formation of CAm by altering cytoskeletal dynamics. However, its presence may also be an indicator of a degenerative state of neuritic compartments.
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19
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de Jager M, van der Wildt B, Schul E, Bol JGJM, van Duinen SG, Drukarch B, Wilhelmus MMM. Tissue transglutaminase colocalizes with extracellular matrix proteins in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 34:1159-69. [PMID: 23122413 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a key histopathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of the Dutch type (HCHWA-D). CAA is characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) depositions and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in brain vessels and plays an important role in the development and progression of both AD and HCHWA-D. Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) modulates the ECM by molecular cross-linking of ECM proteins. Here, we investigated the distribution pattern, cellular source, and activity of tTG in CAA in control, AD, and HCHWA-D cases. We observed increased tTG immunoreactivity and colocalization with Aβ in the vessel wall in early stage CAA, whereas in later CAA stages, tTG and its cross-links were present in halos enclosing the Aβ deposition. In CAA, tTG and its cross-links at the abluminal side of the vessel were demonstrated to be either of astrocytic origin in parenchymal vessels, of fibroblastic origin in leptomeningeal vessels, and of endothelial origin at the luminal side of the deposited Aβ. Furthermore, the ECM proteins fibronectin and laminin colocalized with the tTG-positive halos surrounding the deposited Aβ in CAA. However, we observed that in situ tTG activity was present throughout the vessel wall in late stage CAA. Together, our data suggest that tTG and its activity might play a differential role in the development and progression of CAA, possibly evolving from direct modulation of Aβ aggregation to cross-linking of ECM proteins resulting in ECM restructuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke de Jager
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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20
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Wilhelmus MMM, Nijland PG, Drukarch B, de Vries HE, van Horssen J. Involvement and interplay of Parkin, PINK1, and DJ1 in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:983-92. [PMID: 22687462 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of parkin, PINK1, and DJ1 in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative injury, and impaired functioning of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has been intensively investigated in light of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. However, these pathological mechanisms are not restricted to PD, but are common denominators of various neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders. It is therefore conceivable that parkin, PINK1, and DJ1 are also linked to the pathogenesis of other neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). The importance of these proteins in mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration is reflected by the neuroprotective properties of parkin, DJ1, and PINK1 in counteracting oxidative stress and improvement of mitochondrial and UPS functioning. This review provides a concise overview on the cellular functions of the E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin, the mitochondrial kinase PINK1, and the cytoprotective protein DJ1 and their involvement and interplay in processes underlying neurodegeneration in common neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha M M Wilhelmus
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Jeitner TM, Battaile K, Cooper AJL. γ-Glutamylamines and neurodegenerative diseases. Amino Acids 2012; 44:129-42. [PMID: 22407484 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminases catalyze the formation of γ-glutamylamines utilizing glutamyl residues and amine-bearing compounds such as lysyl residues and polyamines. These γ-glutamylamines can be released from proteins by proteases in an intact form. The free γ-glutamylamines can be catabolized to 5-oxo-L-proline and the free amine by γ-glutamylamine cyclotransferase. Free γ-glutamylamines, however, accumulate in the CSF and affected areas of Huntington Disease brain. This observation suggests transglutaminase-derived γ-glutamylamines may play a more significant role in neurodegeneration than previously thought. The following monograph reviews the metabolism of γ-glutamylamines and examines the possibility that these species contribute to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Jeitner
- Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Core, Winthrop University Hospital, 222 Station Plaza North, Mineola, USA.
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22
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Nam IH, Kim DW, Song HJ, Kim S, Lee KS, Lee YH. Association of Corpora Amylacea Formation with Astrocytes and Cerebrospinal Fluid in the Aged Human Brain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.11637/kjpa.2012.25.4.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- In Hye Nam
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Song
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Korea
| | - Sooil Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Korea
| | - Keon Su Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Korea
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23
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Wilhelmus MMM, de Jager M, Rozemuller AJM, Brevé J, Bol JGJM, Eckert RL, Drukarch B. Transglutaminase 1 and its regulator tazarotene-induced gene 3 localize to neuronal tau inclusions in tauopathies. J Pathol 2011; 226:132-42. [PMID: 22009441 DOI: 10.1002/path.2984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), and Pick's disease (PiD) are commonly known as tauopathies. Neurodegeneration observed in these diseases is linked to neuronal fibrillary hyperphosphorylated tau protein inclusions. Transglutaminases (TGs) are inducible enzymes, capable of modifying conformational and/or structural properties of proteins by inducing molecular cross-links. Both transglutaminase 1 (TG1) and transglutaminase 2 (TG2) are abundantly expressed in the brain and are associated with fibrillary hyperphosphorylated tau protein inclusions in neurons of AD, so-called neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). However, other data obtained by our group suggested that tau pathology in the brain may be primarily related to TG1 and not to TG2 activity. To obtain more information on this issue, we set out to investigate the association of TG1, TG2, and TG-catalysed cross-links with fibrillary hyperphosphorylated tau inclusions in tauopathies other than AD, using immunohistochemistry. We found strong TG1 and TG-catalysed cross-link staining in neuronal tau inclusions characteristic of PSP, FTDP-17 with mutations in the tau gene (FTDP-17T), and PiD brain, whereas, in contrast to AD, TG2 was only rarely observed in these inclusions. Furthermore, using a biochemical approach, we demonstrated that tau is a substrate for TG1-mediated cross-linking. Interestingly, we found co-localization of the TG1 activator, tazarotene-induced gene 3 (TIG3), in the neuronal tau inclusions of PSP, FTDP-17T, and PiD, but not in NFTs of AD cases, indicating that these tau-containing protein aggregates are not identical. We conclude that TG1-catalysed cross-linking, regulated by TIG3, might play an important role in the formation of neuronal tau inclusions in PSP, FTDP-17T, and PiD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha M M Wilhelmus
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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Hoffner G, Vanhoutteghem A, André W, Djian P. Transglutaminase in epidermis and neurological disease or what makes a good cross-linking substrate. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 78:97-160. [PMID: 22220473 DOI: 10.1002/9781118105771.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guylaine Hoffner
- Unité Propre de Recherche 2228 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Régulation de la Transcription et Maladies Génétiques, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Beta-Actin is a Target for Transglutaminase Activity at Synaptic Endings in Chicken Telencephalic Cell Cultures. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 46:410-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-011-9601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Urkasemsin G, Linder KE, Bell JS, de Lahunta A, Olby NJ. Mapping of Purkinje Neuron Loss and Polyglucosan Body Accumulation in Hereditary Cerebellar Degeneration in Scottish Terriers. Vet Pathol 2011; 49:852-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985811412622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A hereditary cerebellar degenerative disorder has emerged in Scottish Terriers. The aims of this study were to describe and quantify polyglucosan body accumulation and quantify Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum of affected and control dogs. The brains of 6 affected Scottish Terriers ranging in age from 8 to 15 years and 8 age-matched control dogs were examined histopathologically. Counts of Purkinje neurons and polyglucosan bodies were performed in control and affected dogs on cerebellar sections stained with periodic acid–Schiff. Affected dogs showed a significant loss of Purkinje neurons compared with control dogs (vermis: P < .0001; hemisphere: P = .0104). The degeneration was significantly more pronounced dorsally than ventrally ( P < .0001). There were significantly more polyglucosan bodies in the ventral half of the vermis when compared with the dorsal half ( P < .0001) in affected dogs. In addition, there were more polyglucosan bodies in the ventral half of the vermis in affected dogs than in control dogs ( P = .0005). Polyglucosan bodies in all affected dogs stained positively with toluidine blue and alcian blue. Immunohistochemically, polyglucosan bodies in affected dogs were positive for neurofilament 200 kD and ubiquitin and negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, synaptophysin, neurospecific enolase, vimentin, and S100; the bodies were negative for all antigens in control dogs. Ultrastructurally, polyglucosan bodies in 1 affected dog were non–membrane-bound, amorphous structures with a dense core. This study demonstrates significant Purkinje cell loss and increased polyglucosan bodies in the cerebellum of affected Scottish Terriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Urkasemsin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - K. E. Linder
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - J. S. Bell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - A. de Lahunta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - N. J. Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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Wilhelmus MMM, Verhaar R, Andringa G, Bol JGJM, Cras P, Shan L, Hoozemans JJM, Drukarch B. Presence of tissue transglutaminase in granular endoplasmic reticulum is characteristic of melanized neurons in Parkinson's disease brain. Brain Pathol 2011; 21:130-9. [PMID: 20731657 PMCID: PMC8094245 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2010.00429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates and degeneration of melanized neurons. The tissue transglutaminase (tTG) enzyme catalyzes molecular protein cross-linking. In PD brain, tTG-induced cross-links have been identified in α-synuclein monomers, oligomers and α-synuclein aggregates. However, whether tTG and α-synuclein occur together in PD affected neurons remains to be established. Interestingly, using immunohistochemistry, we observed a granular distribution pattern of tTG, characteristic of melanized neurons in PD brain. Apart from tTG, these granules were also positive for typical endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperones, that is, protein disulphide isomerase, ERp57 and calreticulin, suggesting a direct link to the ER. Additionally, we observed the presence of phosphorylated pancreatic ER kinase (pPERK), a classical ER stress marker, in tTG granule positive neurons in PD brain, although no subcellular colocalization of tTG and pPERK was found. Our data therefore suggest that tTG localization to granular ER compartments is specific for stressed melanized neurons in PD brain. Moreover, as also α-synuclein aggregates were observed in tTG granule positive neurons, these results provide a clue to the cellular site of interaction between α-synuclein and tTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha M M Wilhelmus
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
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Witte ME, Bol JG, Gerritsen WH, Valk PVD, Drukarch B, Horssen JV, Wilhelmus MM. Parkinson's disease-associated parkin colocalizes with Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis brain lesions. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 36:445-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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