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Demirdöğen BC, Demirkaya-Budak S. Influence of clusterin genetic variants on IOP elevation in pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma in Turkish population. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:117. [PMID: 36959561 PMCID: PMC10035213 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is distinguished by the deposition of fibrillary material within the aqueous humor and, in most cases, causes pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG). The pathophysiologies of PEX and PEG are not completely explained. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the potential relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 3' untranslated region or introns of the clusterin gene (CLU) and the susceptibility to developing PEG or PEX. METHODS Two hundred and forty patients with PEX, 239 patients with PEG, and 240 control subjects were included. Genotyping was carried out using real-time PCR (rs2279590 C/T and rs1532278 C/T) or PCR followed by restriction endonuclease digestion (rs11136000 C/T and rs3087554 T/C). RESULTS The minor alleles or genotypes of CLU SNPs were not significantly associated with PEX or PEG. IOP values of patients with PEX carrying the homozygote polymorphic TT genotype were significantly elevated compared with PEX cases with the CT or CC genotypes for rs2279590, rs11136000 and rs1532278 (P = .009, P = .007, P = .010, respectively). CONCLUSION We present the first evidence that three SNPs in CLU gene (rs2279590, rs11136000 and rs1532278) might induce a rise in IOP in patients with PEX, conferring susceptibility to develop PEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birsen Can Demirdöğen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Söğütözü, 06560, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sinem Demirkaya-Budak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Söğütözü, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Zheng S, Guo J, Xin Q, Galfalvy H, Ye Y, Yan N, Qian R, Mann JJ, Li E, Xue X, Yin H. Association of adenosine triphosphate-related genes to major depression and suicidal behavior: Cognition as a potential mediator. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:131-139. [PMID: 36442653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH, encoded by EPHX2) and P2X2 (a subtype of ATP receptors) may mediate the antidepressant-like effects of ATP. We sought to determine whether polymorphisms and mRNA expression of EPHX2 and P2X2 are associated with depression and suicidal behavior and how cognition may mediate such associations. METHOD We examined 83 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of EPHX2 and P2X2. Subjects were MDD suicide attempters (N = 143), MDD non-suicide attempters (N = 248), and healthy volunteers (HV, N = 110). Data on demographics, depression severity, and suicide attempts were collected. Participants completed a set of cognitive tasks. Polymorphisms were genotyped using MALDI-TOF MS within the MassARRAY system. The expression of mRNA was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Cognitive function was a significant mediator (p = 0.006) of the genetic effect on depression. Allele C of rs202059124 was associated with depression risk (OR = 11.57, 95%CI: 2.33-209.87, p = 0.0181). A significant relationship was found between P2X2 mRNA expression and depression (OR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.49-0.94, p = 0.0199). One haploblock (rs9331942 and rs2279590) was associated with suicide attempts: subjects with haplotype GC (frequency = 19.8 %, p = 0.017) and AT (frequency = 35.2 %, p < 0.001) had a lower rate of suicide attempts. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed that cognitive impairment plays a role in the effect of rs9331949 on depression. Moreover, we confirmed a relationship between P2X2, EPHX2, and MDD in humans and presented preliminary haplotype-based evidence that implicates EPHX2 in suicide. LIMITATIONS The main limitation of this study is the limited sample size. More comprehensive and multi-domain cognition tasks and different assessment measures are required in further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiong Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Qianqian Xin
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Hanga Galfalvy
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Youran Ye
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Na Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Rongrong Qian
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Enze Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Honglei Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China.
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The Role of a Gut Microbial-Derived Metabolite, Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), in Neurological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6684-6700. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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4
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G N S HS, Marise VLP, Satish KS, Yergolkar AV, Krishnamurthy M, Ganesan Rajalekshmi S, Radhika K, Burri RR. Untangling huge literature to disinter genetic underpinnings of Alzheimer's Disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101421. [PMID: 34371203 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is channeled towards unravelling key disease specific drug targets/genes to predict promising therapeutic candidates. Though enormous literature on AD genetics is available, there exists dearth in data pertinent to drug targets and crucial pathological pathways intertwined in disease progression. Further, the research findings revealing genetic associations failed to demonstrate consistency across different studies. This scenario prompted us to initiate a systematic review and meta-analysis with an aim of unearthing significant genetic hallmarks of AD. Initially, a Boolean search strategy was developed to retrieve case-control studies from PubMed, Cochrane, ProQuest, Europe PMC, grey literature and HuGE navigator. Subsequently, certain inclusion and exclusion criteria were framed to shortlist the relevant studies. These studies were later critically appraised using New Castle Ottawa Scale and Q-Genie followed by data extraction. Later, meta-analysis was performed only for those Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) which were evaluated in at least two different ethnicities from two different reports. Among, 204,351 studies retrieved, 820 met our eligibility criteria and 117 were processed for systematic review after critical appraisal. Ultimately, meta-analysis was performed for 23 SNPs associated with 15 genes which revealed significant associations of rs3865444 (CD33), rs7561528 (BIN1) and rs1801133 (MTHFR) with AD risk.
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5
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Calabrò M, Rinaldi C, Santoro G, Crisafulli C. The biological pathways of Alzheimer disease: a review. AIMS Neurosci 2020; 8:86-132. [PMID: 33490374 PMCID: PMC7815481 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, mainly affecting older people, which severely impairs patients' quality of life. In the recent years, the number of affected individuals has seen a rapid increase. It is estimated that up to 107 million subjects will be affected by 2050 worldwide. Research in this area has revealed a lot about the biological and environmental underpinnings of Alzheimer, especially its correlation with β-Amyloid and Tau related mechanics; however, the precise molecular events and biological pathways behind the disease are yet to be discovered. In this review, we focus our attention on the biological mechanics that may lie behind Alzheimer development. In particular, we briefly describe the genetic elements and discuss about specific biological processes potentially associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Concetta Crisafulli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Italy
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Wang QJ, Shen YE, Wang X, Fu S, Zhang X, Zhang YN, Wang RT. Concomitant memantine and Lactobacillus plantarum treatment attenuates cognitive impairments in APP/PS1 mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:628-649. [PMID: 31907339 PMCID: PMC6977692 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbial metabolite that promotes Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Given that probiotics can alleviate AD symptoms by inhibiting the synthesis of TMAO, here we investigated the correlation between TMAO and cognitive deterioration by measuring TMAO levels in the plasma of choline-treated APP/PS1 mice (an AD mouse model) with and without probiotic treatments. We found that declines in L. plantarum in the gut were associated with cognitive impairment. Moreover, 12-weeks of treatment with memantine plus L. plantarum ameliorated cognitive deterioration, decreased Αβ levels in the hippocampus, and protected neuronal integrity and plasticity. These effects were accompanied by reductions in TMAO synthesis and neuroinflammation. These experiments demonstrate that L. plantarum augments the beneficial therapeutic effects of memantine treatment in APP/PS1 mice by remodeling the intestinal microbiota, inhibiting the synthesis of TMAO, and reducing clusterin levels. Our results thus highlight intestinal microbiota as a potential therapeutic target to decrease the risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Jun Wang
- General Practice Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yue-E Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shuang Fu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yi-Na Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Rui-Tao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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Gao Q, Wang Y, Wang X, Fu S, Zhang X, Wang RT, Zhang X. Decreased levels of circulating trimethylamine N-oxide alleviate cognitive and pathological deterioration in transgenic mice: a potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8642-8663. [PMID: 31612864 PMCID: PMC6814608 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of gut microbiota, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the mechanisms by which TMAO influence cognitive and pathological processes in the AD have not been investigated. In this study, we found that the circulating TMAO levels displayed an age-related increase in both WT and APP/PS1 mice and association with AD-like behavioral and pathological profile. Reduced TMAO by 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) treatment ameliorated the cognitive deterioration and long-term potentiation (LTP) in APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, DMB treatment also induced a decrease in the Amyloid-β (Aβ)1-42, β-secretase, and β-secretase-cleaved C-terminal fragment (βCTF) levels in the hippocampus. Finally, the effects obtained after treatment with DMB were accompanied by a reduction in circulating clusterin levels and hippocampal neuroinflammatory status in APP/PS1 mice. These findings demonstrate that elevated circulating TMAO during the aging process might deteriorate cognitive function and pathology in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shuang Fu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Rui-Tao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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Peng W, Minakaki G, Nguyen M, Krainc D. Preserving Lysosomal Function in the Aging Brain: Insights from Neurodegeneration. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:611-634. [PMID: 31183763 PMCID: PMC6694346 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic, membrane-bound organelles that serve as the primary catabolic compartment of the cell. They are crucial to a variety of cellular processes from nutrient storage to autophagy. Given the diversity of lysosomal functions, it is unsurprising that lysosomes are also emerging as important players in aging. Lysosomal dysfunction is implicated in several aging-related neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia, and Huntington's. Although the precise role of lysosomes in the aging brain is not well-elucidated, some insight into their function has been gained from our understanding of the pathophysiology of age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutic strategies targeting lysosomes and autophagic machinery have already been tested in several of these diseases with promising results, suggesting that improving lysosomal function could be similarly beneficial in preserving function in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Peng
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Georgia Minakaki
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Maria Nguyen
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA.
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Zhang DF, Xu M, Bi R, Yao YG. Genetic Analyses of Alzheimer's Disease in China: Achievements and Perspectives. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:890-901. [PMID: 30698408 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2010, the Chinese have become one of the most aged populations in the world, leading to a severe burden of neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and has a high genetic heritability. In the past two decades, numerous genetic analyses, from linkage analyses and candidate gene studies to genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and next-generation sequencing studies, have identified dozens of AD susceptibility or causal genes. These studies have provided a comprehensive genetic view and contributed to the understanding of the pathological and molecular mechanisms of the disease. However, most of the recognized AD genetic risk factors have been reported in studies based on European populations or populations of European ancestry, and data about the genetics of AD from other populations has been very limited. As China has the largest AD population in the world and because of the remarkable genetic differences between the East and the West, deciphering the genetic basis and molecular mechanism in Chinese patients with AD may add key points to the full characterization of AD. In this review, we present an overview of the current state of AD genetic research in China, with an emphasis on genome-level studies. We also describe the challenges and opportunities for future advances, especially for in-depth collaborations, brain bank construction, and primate animal modeling. There is an urgent need to promote public awareness and increase our collaborations and data sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Rui Bi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Kunming Institute of Zoology−Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
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Li W, Li Y, Qiu Q, Sun L, Yue L, Li X, Xiao S. Associations Between the Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele and Reduced Serum Levels of High Density Lipoprotein a Cognitively Normal Aging Han Chinese Population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:827. [PMID: 31866940 PMCID: PMC6906139 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have confirmed that APOE genotype is associated with lipid metabolism, but related studies are inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted this cross-sectional study to explore the associations between apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes and serum levels of fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, and low density lipoprotein in a cognitively normal aging Han Chinese population. Methods: One hundred sixty-nine community elders with normal cognitive function were included in the study. Based on multiplex amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (PCR), these subjects were divided into three groups: (1) E2/2 or E2/3 (APOE E2); (2) E3/3 (APOE E3); and (3) E2/4, E3/4, or E4/4 (APOE E4). Correlations of serum levels of fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, and low density lipoprotein with APOE genotypes were assessed. Results: The results of Mann-Whitney analysis showed that the concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in APOE E2 and E3 groups was higher than that in E4 groups (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis also suggested that a lower level of high density lipoprotein was associated with the E4 allele (adjusted odds ratio 0.164, 95% confidence interval 0.031~ 0.876, P = 0.034). Conclusion: APOE E4 is associated with decreased serum high density lipoprotein concentration in healthy elderly. However, the above conclusions need to be further verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Qiu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yue
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xia Li
| | - Shifu Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shifu Xiao
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Zhu R, Liu X, He Z. Association between CLU gene rs11136000 polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease: an updated meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:679-689. [PMID: 29396813 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified that the single nucleotide polymorphism rs11136000 in Clusterin (CLU) gene was associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Caucasian ancestry. However, recent studies reported either a weak association or no association between rs11136000 polymorphism and AD in Asian populations. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to explore whether rs11136000 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to AD in Asian populations. A total of 17 articles including 26 studies with 19,829 cases and 30,900 controls, which were identified by searching PubMed, MEDLINE, and AlzGene up to Nov 2016, were collected for this meta-analysis. The significant association between rs11136000 and AD in the pooled population was found under all the models. In subgroup analysis, we identified significant association in Asian population under the additive mode (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.85-0.96) but not in the recessive model (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.53-1.21) and the dominant model (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.86-1.03). Our analysis further supports previous findings that the rs11136000 polymorphism C allele is associated with AD susceptibility. To our knowledge, this is the new largest meta-analysis to access to the association of CLU rs11136000 polymorphism with AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zhiyi He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Xian W, Tao H, Zhao J, Fu J, Zhong W, Chen Y, Zhou H, Li K, Pan S. Association Between Clusterin Gene Polymorphisms and Epilepsy in a Han Chinese Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:692-697. [PMID: 28972394 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchuan Xian
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Tao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianghao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawu Fu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Wangtao Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yusen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Haihong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Keshen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Neurology & Neurosurgery Division, Stroke Center, The Clinical Medicine Research Institute & The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Suyue Pan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Wu QJ, Sun SY, Yan CJ, Cheng ZC, Yang MF, Li ZF, Cheng HW, Fang TK. EXOC3L2 rs597668 variant contributes to Alzheimer's disease susceptibility in Asian population. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20086-20091. [PMID: 28423615 PMCID: PMC5386745 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have established the association between EXOC3L2 rs597668 variant and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in European population. However, recent studies reported inconsistent results in Asian population. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of rs597668 on AD risk in Asian population using a total of 8686 samples including 2855 cases and 5831 controls. Meanwhile, we selected 17,008 AD cases and 37,154 controls in European population to evaluate the potential heterogeneity between East Asian and European populations. In East Asian population, we identified no potential heterogeneity with P=0.31 and I2 = 15.8%. By meta-analysis, we identified positive association between rs597668 and AD risk with P=0.023, OR=0.93, 95% CI 0.87-0.99. We further found significant heterogeneity in pooled Asian and European populations with P<0.0001 and I2 = 87.7%. The meta-analysis indicated negative association with P=0.66, OR=0.97, 95% CI 0.85-1.11. In summary, all these findings indicate that rs597668 C allele is a risk factor for AD in European population with OR=1.18 and P=2.49E-13. However the rs597668 C allele played a protective role in AD with OR=0.93 and P=0.023 in East Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Jian Wu
- Department of Emergency, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272011, China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Key Lab of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Shu-Yin Sun
- Department of Emergency, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272011, China
| | - Cheng-Jun Yan
- Department of Emergency, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272011, China
| | - Zi-Cui Cheng
- Department of Encephalopathy Rehabiliation Center, Taian Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Ming-Feng Yang
- Key Lab of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Zi-Fei Li
- Department of Emergency, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272011, China
| | - Hou-Wen Cheng
- Key Lab of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Ti-Kun Fang
- Department of Emergency, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272011, China
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14
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Naj AC, Schellenberg GD. Genomic variants, genes, and pathways of Alzheimer's disease: An overview. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:5-26. [PMID: 27943641 PMCID: PMC6179157 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) (MIM: 104300) is a highly heritable disease with great complexity in its genetic contributors, and represents the most common form of dementia. With the gradual aging of the world's population, leading to increased prevalence of AD, and the substantial cost of care for those afflicted, identifying the genetic causes of disease represents a critical effort in identifying therapeutic targets. Here we provide a comprehensive review of genomic studies of AD, from the earliest linkage studies identifying monogenic contributors to early-onset forms of AD to the genome-wide and rare variant association studies of recent years that are being used to characterize the mosaic of genetic contributors to late-onset AD (LOAD), and which have identified approximately ∼20 genes with common variants contributing to LOAD risk. In addition, we explore studies employing alternative approaches to identify genetic contributors to AD, including studies of AD-related phenotypes and multi-variant association studies such as pathway analyses. Finally, we introduce studies of next-generation sequencing, which have recently helped identify multiple low-frequency and rare variant contributors to AD, and discuss on-going efforts with next-generation sequencing studies to develop statistically well- powered and comprehensive genomic studies of AD. Through this review, we help uncover the many insights the genetics of AD have provided into the pathways and pathophysiology of AD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Naj
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology/Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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15
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Du W, Tan J, Xu W, Chen J, Wang L. Association between clusterin gene polymorphism rs11136000 and late-onset Alzheimer's disease susceptibility: A review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2915-2927. [PMID: 27882096 PMCID: PMC5103725 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the association between rs11136000 in clusterin (CLU) and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) by meta-analysis. Several databases including PubMed, EMbase, CBMdisc and CMCC were searched for relevant case-control studies based on defined selection criteria. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the rs11136000 genotype and allele distribution were analyzed with RevMan and Stata software. The control population and heterogeneity between populations were examined in the selected studies using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Overall OR among the frequencies of the genotype and allele in both patients with AD and controls was estimated using fixed or random effect models. The summary of the OR and 95% CI were then analyzed to obtain the effects across the studies. Publication bias was examined using a funnel plot, Egger's test and Begg's test, and a Fail-safe Number (Nfs). A total of 20 reports were used. The summary OR for studies in the Caucasian population with a frequency of TT+TC/CC genotype and T/C allele at rs11136000 locus in CLU were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.73-0.86; P<0.00001) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.85-0.90; P<0.00001). The summary OR for the studies conducted in the Asian population were 0.90 (95% CI, 0.81-0.99; P=0.04) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.81-0.93; P<0.0001). The summary OR in other mixed ethnic groups with regards to the frequency of T/C allele was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.68-0.99; P=0.04). These results demonstrated the presence of a statistically significant difference in LOAD susceptibility between individuals with the T allele CLU rs11136000 polymorphism and those without. The studies conducted in populations of African descent or Hispanics showed no statistically significant difference. Negligible publication bias was present, with Nfs being 750.604. In summary, polymorphism rs11136000 in the CLU gene may contribute to susceptibility to LOAD, and the presence of the T allele may reduce the risk of LOAD in Caucasian and Asian populations. However, no definitive association was found between the presence of the CLU rs11136000 polymorphism and LOAD in populations of African or Hispanic descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Du
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital of the Air Force, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Jiping Tan
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Clinical Division of South Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital of the Air Force, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Jinwen Chen
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital of the Air Force, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Luning Wang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Clinical Division of South Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Abstract
Genetic characterization of individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), i.e. people having amyloid deposits in the brain without symptoms, people suffering from subjective cognitive decline (SCD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), has spurred the interests of researchers. However, their pre-dementia genetic profile remains mostly unexplored. In this study, we reviewed the loci related to phenotypes of AD, MCI and SCD from literature and performed the first meta-analyses evaluating the role of apolipoprotein E (APOE) in the risk of conversion from a healthy status to MCI and SCD. For AD dementia risk, an increased number of loci have been identified; to date, 28 genes have been associated with Late Onset AD. In MCI syndrome, APOE is confirmed as a pheno-conversion factor leading from MCI to AD, and clusterin is a promising candidate. Additionally, our meta-analyses revealed APOE as genetic risk factor to convert from a healthy status to MCI [OR = 1.849 (1.587-2.153); P = 2.80 × 10-15] and to a lesser extent from healthy status to SCD [OR = 1.151 (1.015-1.304); P = 0.028]. Thus, we believe that genetic studies in longitudinal SCD and MCI series may provide new therapeutic targets and improve the existing knowledge of AD. This type of studies must be completed on healthy subjects to better understand the natural disease resistance to brain insults and neurodegeneration.
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Tan L, Wang HF, Tan MS, Tan CC, Zhu XC, Miao D, Yu WJ, Jiang T, Tan L, Yu JT. Effect of CLU genetic variants on cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging markers in healthy, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease cohorts. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26027. [PMID: 27229352 PMCID: PMC4882617 DOI: 10.1038/srep26027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Clusterin (CLU) gene, also known as apolipoprotein J (ApoJ), is currently the third most associated late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) risk gene. However, little was known about the possible effect of CLU genetic variants on AD pathology in brain. Here, we evaluated the interaction between 7 CLU SNPs (covering 95% of genetic variations) and the role of CLU in β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, AD-related structure atrophy, abnormal glucose metabolism on neuroimaging and CSF markers to clarify the possible approach by that CLU impacts AD. Finally, four loci (rs11136000, rs1532278, rs2279590, rs7982) showed significant associations with the Aβ deposition at the baseline level while genotypes of rs9331888 (P = 0.042) increased Aβ deposition. Besides, rs9331888 was significantly associated with baseline volume of left hippocampus (P = 0.014). We then further validated the association with Aβ deposition in the AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), normal control (NC) sub-groups. The results in sub-groups confirmed the association between CLU genotypes and Aβ deposition further. Our findings revealed that CLU genotypes could probably modulate the cerebral the Aβ loads on imaging and volume of hippocampus. These findings raise the possibility that the biological effects of CLU may be relatively confined to neuroimaging trait and hence may offer clues to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen-Chen Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi-Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Miao
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wan-Jiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Tan
- College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
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18
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Zhang XY, Wang HF, Tan MS, Wan Y, Kong LL, Zheng ZJ, Tan CC, Zhang W, Wang ZX, Tan L, Jiang T, Tan L, Yu JT. Association of DISC1 Polymorphisms with Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease in Northern Han Chinese. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2922-2927. [PMID: 27023224 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) is a candidate gene for psychiatric diseases and plays various roles in brain development. It has been reported as a candidate gene for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a recent large genome-wide association study in Caucasians. To explore the associations between DISC1 and AD, we performed a case-control study including 2318 subjects in Northern Han Chinese. We found that one single nucleotide polymorphism (rs6675281) was associated with the risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) in northern Han Chinese population. As for rs821616 and rs3738401, no association was detected with LOAD. In conclusion, DISC1 increased the risk for LOAD in northern Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Li Kong
- Department of Geriatric, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, 266034, China
| | - Zhan-Jie Zheng
- Department of Geriatric, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, 266034, China
| | - Chen-Chen Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tan
- College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, People's Republic of China. .,Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, 1207, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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19
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Zhang CC, Wang HF, Tan MS, Wan Y, Zhang W, Zheng ZJ, Kong LL, Wang ZX, Tan L, Jiang T, Tan L, Yu JT. SORL1 Is Associated with the Risk of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease: a Replication Study and Meta-Analyses. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1725-1732. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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20
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Abstract
For the first time in the history of human genetics research, it is now both technically feasible and economically affordable to screen individual genomes for novel disease-causing mutations at base-pair resolution using "next-generation sequencing" (NGS). One popular aim in many of today's NGS studies is genome resequencing (in part or whole) to identify DNA variants potentially accounting for the "missing heritability" problem observed in many genetically complex traits. Thus far, only relatively few projects have applied these powerful new technologies to search for novel Alzheimer's disease (AD) related sequence variants. In this review, I summarize the findings from the first NGS-based resequencing studies in AD and discuss their potential implications and limitations. Notable recent discoveries using NGS include the identification of rare susceptibility modifying alleles in APP, TREM2, and PLD3. Several other large-scale NGS projects are currently underway so that additional discoveries can be expected over the coming years.
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the main form of dementia, and is a major public health problem. Despite intensive research efforts, current treatments have only marginal symptomatic benefits and there are no effective disease-modifying or preventive interventions. AD has a strong genetic component, so much research in AD has focused on identifying genetic causes and risk factors. This chapter will cover genetic discoveries in AD and their consequences in terms of improved knowledge regarding the disease and the identification of biomarkers and drug targets. First, we will discuss the study of the rare early-onset, autosomal dominant forms of AD that led to the discovery of mutations in three major genes, APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2. These discoveries have shaped our current understanding of the pathophysiology and natural history of AD as well as the development of therapeutic targets and the design of clinical trials. Then, we will explore linkage analysis and candidate gene approaches, which identified variants in Apolipoprotein E (APOE) as the major genetic risk factor for late-onset, "sporadic" forms of AD (LOAD), but failed to robustly identify other genetic risk factors, with the exception of variants in SORL1. The main focus of this chapter will be on recent genome-wide association studies that have successfully identified common genetic variations at over 20 loci associated with LOAD outside of the APOE locus. These loci are in or near-novel AD genes including BIN1, CR1, CLU, phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM), CD33, EPHA1, MS4A4/MS4A6, ABCA7, CD2AP, SORL1, HLA-DRB5/DRB1, PTK2B, SLC24A4-RIN3, INPP5D, MEF2C, NME8, ZCWPW1, CELF1, FERMT2, CASS4, and TRIP4 and each has small effects on risk of AD (relative risks of 1.1-1.3). Finally, we will touch upon the ongoing effort to identify less frequent and rare variants through whole exome and whole genome sequencing. This effort has identified two novel genes, TREM2 and PLD3, and shown a role for APP in LOAD. The identification of these recently identified genes has implicated previously unsuspected biological pathways in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chouraki
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
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22
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Plasma clusterin (ApoJ) levels are associated with adiposity and systemic inflammation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103351. [PMID: 25076422 PMCID: PMC4116172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance are hallmarks of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. Clusterin/apolipoprotein J is an abundant plasma chaperone protein that has recently been suggested as a potential biomarker that reflects the inflammatory process in Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we investigated anthropometric and clinical factors affecting the plasma levels of clusterin in healthy Korean subjects. We measured fasting plasma clusterin levels in healthy Korean adults (111 men and 93 women) using ELISA kit. We analyzed the relationship between plasma clusterin concentrations and anthropometric and clinical parameters. Fasting plasma clusterin concentrations were higher in overweight and obese subjects than in lean subjects. Correlation analysis revealed that the plasma clusterin levels were positively associated with indices of obesity such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist-hip ratio and markers of systemic inflammation such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), uric acid, ferritin and retinol binding protein-4. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that sex, BMI and hsCRP were independent determinants of plasma clusterin levels. Furthermore, plasma clusterin levels showed an upward trend with increasing numbers of metabolic syndrome components. These findings suggest that fasting plasma clusterin levels correlate with the parameters of adiposity and systemic inflammation in healthy adults. Therefore, the circulating clusterin level may be a surrogate marker for obesity-associated systemic inflammation.
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Ma J, Yu JT, Tan L. MS4A Cluster in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1240-8. [PMID: 24981432 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Several variants within membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A (MS4A) gene cluster have recently been implicated the association of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by serial recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS). As cell membrane proteins, MS4A family members are found to participate in the regulation of calcium signaling which have been widely discussed in neurodegeneration and AD. Besides, although the MS4A family members are poorly characterized, an important role in immunity has already been identified for several members of this cluster (such as MS4A1, MS4A2, and MS4A4B), indicating the possible involvement of MS4A gene cluster in AD pathogenesis. In this article, we briefly summarize the structure, localization, and function of MS4A gene cluster, review recent genetic and expression findings concerning the association of MS4A gene cluster with AD pathogenesis, and also speculate the possible roles of MS4A gene cluster in this disease. Based on the contributing effects of MS4A gene cluster in AD pathogenesis, targeting MS4A gene cluster might provide new opportunities for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Tan MS, Yu JT, Jiang T, Zhu XC, Guan HS, Tan L. Genetic variation in BIN1 gene and Alzheimer's disease risk in Han Chinese individuals. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:1781.e1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.01.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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CLU rs2279590 polymorphism contributes to Alzheimer's disease susceptibility in Caucasian and Asian populations. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 122:433-9. [PMID: 24947876 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
It is reported that CLU rs2279590 polymorphism is significantly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in European ancestry. Recent studies investigated rs2279590 polymorphism in Asian population (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Four studies showed negative association and two studies showed weak association between rs2279590 and AD. We believe that the weak association or no association may be caused by the relatively small sample size in Asian population. Here, we reinvestigated the association in Asian population. Meanwhile, to investigate the genetic heterogeneity of the rs2279590 polymorphism in Asian and Caucasian populations, we searched the PubMed and AlzGene databases and selected 11 independent studies (6 studies in Asian population and 5 studies in Caucasian population) including 20,655 individuals (8,605 cases and 12,050 controls) for meta-analysis. Our results showed significant association between rs2279590 polymorphism and AD in Asian population with P = 2.00E-04 and P = 2.00E-04 using additive and recessive models, respectively. We observed no significant heterogeneity between Asian and Caucasian populations. We believe that our results may be helpful to understand the mechanisms of CLU in AD pathogenesis and will be useful for future genetic studies in AD.
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26
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Zhao QF, Yu JT, Tan MS, Tan L. ABCA7 in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1008-16. [PMID: 24878767 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette A7 (ABCA7) gene has recently been identified as a strong genetic locus associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) through genome-wide association studies (GWASs). ABCA7 is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene superfamily, which codes for 49 ABC proteins, divided into 7 subfamilies (coded A-G). As a multispan transmembrane protein, ABCA7 is most abundantly expressed in the microglial cells in the brain. The levels of ABCA7 have been detected to be increased in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, which positively correlated with amyloid plaque burden and disease severity. Emerging data suggests that ABCA7 could be associated with AD via various pathways, possibly including amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, lipid metabolism, and phagocytosis. In this review, we summarize the known functions of ABCA7 and discuss the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to LOAD, as well as their potential physiological effects. Finally, given the contributions of ABCA7 to AD pathogenesis, targeting ABCA7 might provide novel opportunities for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Fei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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27
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Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 variant is rare in late-onset Alzheimer's disease in Han Chinese individuals. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:937.e1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Weng X, Zhou D, Liu F, Zhang H, Ye J, Zhang Z, Zhang D, Wang Y, Tao L, Cao L, Kan M, Wang T, Feng G, Qin X, Sun J, He L, Liu Y. DNA methylation profiling in the thalamus and hippocampus of postnatal malnourished mice, including effects related to long-term potentiation. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:31. [PMID: 24555847 PMCID: PMC3941971 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation has been viewed as the most highly characterized epigenetic mark for genome regulation and development. Postnatal brains appear to exhibit stimulus-induced methylation changes because of factors such as environment, lifestyle, and diet (nutrition). The purpose of this study was to examine how extensively the brain DNA methylome is regulated by nutrition in early life. Results By quantifying the total amount of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in the thalamus and the hippocampus of postnatal malnourished mice and normal mice, we found the two regions showed differences in global DNA methylation status. The methylation level in the thalamus was much higher than that in the hippocampus. Then, we used a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based method (MSCC) to detect the whole genome methylation of the two regions in malnourished mice and normal mice. Notably, we found that in the thalamus, 500 discriminable variations existed and that approximately 60% were related to neuronal development or psychiatric diseases. Pathway analyses of the corresponding genes highlighted changes for 9 genes related to long-term potentiation (5.3-fold enrichment, P = 0.033). Conclusions Our findings may help to indicate the genome-wide DNA methylation status of different brain regions and the effects of malnutrition on brain DNA methylation. The results also indicate that postnatal malnutrition may increase the risk of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lin He
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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Jiang T, Yu JT, Tan MS, Wang HF, Wang YL, Zhu XC, Zhang W, Tan L. Genetic variation in PICALM and Alzheimer's disease risk in Han Chinese. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:934.e1-3. [PMID: 24095218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate the association of phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein gene (PICALM) with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) risk in Han Chinese. We first sequenced PICALM for variants in a small sample (n = 100), and the selected variants were then genotyped in a larger cohort (n = 2292). Sequencing analysis identified 16 variants within PICALM including 5 new variants with extreme low frequency in the northern Han Chinese population. However, in the subsequent genotyping, none showed a significant association with LOAD risk after Bonferroni correction. These findings implicate that PICALM might not play a major role in the genetic predisposition to LOAD in Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China; Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China; Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, China.
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Ying-Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China
| | - Xi-Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China; Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China; Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, China.
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