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Strope TA, Wilkins HM. The reciprocal relationship between amyloid precursor protein and mitochondrial function. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 39022868 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP), secretase enzymes, and amyloid beta (Aβ) have been extensively studied in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite this, the function of these proteins and their metabolism is not understood. APP, secretase enzymes, and APP processing products (Aβ and C-terminal fragments) localize to endosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and mitochondrial/ER contact sites. Studies implicate significant relationships between APP, secretase enzyme function, APP metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key pathological hallmark of AD and is intricately linked to proteostasis. Here, we review studies examining potential functions of APP, secretase enzymes, and APP metabolites in the context of mitochondrial function and bioenergetics. We discuss implications and limitations of studies and highlight knowledge gaps that remain in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Strope
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Heather M Wilkins
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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2
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Phua QH, Ng SY, Soh BS. Mitochondria: A Potential Rejuvenation Tool against Aging. Aging Dis 2024; 15:503-516. [PMID: 37815912 PMCID: PMC10917551 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex physiological process encompassing both physical and cognitive decline over time. This intricate process is governed by a multitude of hallmarks and pathways, which collectively contribute to the emergence of numerous age-related diseases. In response to the remarkable increase in human life expectancy, there has been a substantial rise in research focusing on the development of anti-aging therapies and pharmacological interventions. Mitochondrial dysfunction, a critical factor in the aging process, significantly impacts overall cellular health. In this extensive review, we will explore the contemporary landscape of anti-aging strategies, placing particular emphasis on the promising potential of mitotherapy as a ground-breaking approach to counteract the aging process. Moreover, we will investigate the successful application of mitochondrial transplantation in both animal models and clinical trials, emphasizing its translational potential. Finally, we will discuss the inherent challenges and future possibilities of mitotherapy within the realm of aging research and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hua Phua
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Shi Yan Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore.
- National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (Department of Physiology), Singapore.
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore.
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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3
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Bustamante-Barrientos FA, Luque-Campos N, Araya MJ, Lara-Barba E, de Solminihac J, Pradenas C, Molina L, Herrera-Luna Y, Utreras-Mendoza Y, Elizondo-Vega R, Vega-Letter AM, Luz-Crawford P. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders: Potential therapeutic application of mitochondrial transfer to central nervous system-residing cells. J Transl Med 2023; 21:613. [PMID: 37689642 PMCID: PMC10493034 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is reiteratively involved in the pathogenesis of diverse neurodegenerative diseases. Current in vitro and in vivo approaches support that mitochondrial dysfunction is branded by several molecular and cellular defects, whose impact at different levels including the calcium and iron homeostasis, energetic balance and/or oxidative stress, makes it difficult to resolve them collectively given their multifactorial nature. Mitochondrial transfer offers an overall solution since it contains the replacement of damage mitochondria by healthy units. Therefore, this review provides an introducing view on the structure and energy-related functions of mitochondria as well as their dynamics. In turn, we summarize current knowledge on how these features are deregulated in different neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal dementia, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich ataxia, Alzheimer´s disease, Parkinson´s disease, and Huntington's disease. Finally, we analyzed current advances in mitochondrial transfer between diverse cell types that actively participate in neurodegenerative processes, and how they might be projected toward developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Bustamante-Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Noymar Luque-Campos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Jesús Araya
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eliana Lara-Barba
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera de Solminihac
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Pradenas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Molina
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Yeimi Herrera-Luna
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Roberto Elizondo-Vega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ana María Vega-Letter
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Mons. Álvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
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4
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Flannagan K, Stopperan JA, Hauger BM, Troutwine BR, Lysaker CR, Strope TA, Csikos Drummond V, Gilmore CA, Swerdlow NA, Draper JM, Gouvion CM, Vivian JL, Haeri M, Swerdlow RH, Wilkins HM. Cell type and sex specific mitochondrial phenotypes in iPSC derived models of Alzheimer's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1201015. [PMID: 37614699 PMCID: PMC10442646 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1201015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Altered mitochondrial respiration, cytochrome oxidase (COX) Vmax, and mitophagy are observed in human subjects and animal models of AD. Models derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may not recapitulate these phenotypes after reprogramming from differentiated adult cells. Methods We examined mitochondrial function across iPSC derived models including cerebral organoids, forebrain neurons, and astrocytes. iPSCs were reprogrammed from fibroblasts either from the University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (KU ADRC) cohort or purchased from WiCell. A total of four non-demented and four sporadic AD iPSC lines were examined. Models were subjected to mitochondrial respiration analysis using Seahorse XF technology, spectrophotometric cytochrome oxidase (COX) Vmax assays, fluorescent assays to determine mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial membrane potential, calcium, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy levels. AD pathological hallmarks were also measured. Results iPSC derived neurons and cerebral organoids showed reduced COX Vmax in AD subjects with more profound defects in the female cohort. These results were not observed in astrocytes. iPSC derived neurons and astrocytes from AD subjects had reduced mitochondrial respiration parameters with increased glycolytic flux. iPSC derived neurons and astrocytes from AD subjects showed sex dependent effects on mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial superoxide production, and mitochondrial calcium. iPSC derived neurons from AD subjects had reduced mitochondrial localization in lysosomes with sex dependent effects on mitochondrial mass, while iPSC derived astrocytes from female AD subjects had increased mitochondrial localization to lysosomes. Both iPSC derived neurons and astrocytes from AD subjects showed altered mitochondrial dynamics. iPSC derived neurons had increased secreted Aβ, and sex dependent effects on total APP protein expression. iPSC derived astrocytes showed sex dependent changes in GFAP expression in AD derived cells. Conclusion Overall, iPSC derived models from AD subjects show mitochondrial phenotypes and AD pathological hallmarks in a cell type and sex dependent manner. These results highlight the importance of sex as a biological variable in cell culture studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Flannagan
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Julia A. Stopperan
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Brittany M. Hauger
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Benjamin R. Troutwine
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Colton R. Lysaker
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Taylor A. Strope
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Vivien Csikos Drummond
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Caleb A. Gilmore
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Natalie A. Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Julia M. Draper
- Transgenic and Gene Targeting Facility, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Cynthia M. Gouvion
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jay L. Vivian
- Transgenic and Gene Targeting Facility, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Mohammad Haeri
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Heather M. Wilkins
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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5
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Luque-Campos N, Riquelme R, Molina L, Canedo-Marroquín G, Vega-Letter AM, Luz-Crawford P, Bustamante-Barrientos FA. Exploring the therapeutic potential of the mitochondrial transfer-associated enzymatic machinery in brain degeneration. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1217815. [PMID: 37576343 PMCID: PMC10416799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1217815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central event in the pathogenesis of several degenerative brain disorders. It entails fission and fusion dynamics disruption, progressive decline in mitochondrial clearance, and uncontrolled oxidative stress. Many therapeutic strategies have been formulated to reverse these alterations, including replacing damaged mitochondria with healthy ones. Spontaneous mitochondrial transfer is a naturally occurring process with different biological functions. It comprises mitochondrial donation from one cell to another, carried out through different pathways, such as the formation and stabilization of tunneling nanotubules and Gap junctions and the release of extracellular vesicles with mitochondrial cargoes. Even though many aspects of regulating these mechanisms still need to be discovered, some key enzymatic regulators have been identified. This review summarizes the current knowledge on mitochondrial dysfunction in different neurodegenerative disorders. Besides, we analyzed the usage of mitochondrial transfer as an endogenous revitalization tool, emphasizing the enzyme regulators that govern this mechanism. Going deeper into this matter would be helpful to take advantage of the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noymar Luque-Campos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT-Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Riquelme
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Molina
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Gisela Canedo-Marroquín
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Vega-Letter
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT-Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe A. Bustamante-Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT-Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
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6
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Wilkins HM. Interactions between amyloid, amyloid precursor protein, and mitochondria. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:173-182. [PMID: 36688439 PMCID: PMC9987971 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and Aβ accumulation are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Decades of research describe a relationship between mitochondrial function and Aβ production. Amyloid precursor protein (APP), of which Aβ is generated from, is found within mitochondria. Studies suggest Aβ can be generated in mitochondria and imported into mitochondria. APP and Aβ alter mitochondrial function, while mitochondrial function alters Aβ production from APP. The role these interactions contribute to AD pathology and progression are unknown. Here, we discuss prior research, the rigor of those studies, and the critical knowledge gaps of relationships between APP, Aβ, and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Wilkins
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, U.S.A
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, U.S.A
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, U.S.A
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7
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Swerdlow RH. The Alzheimer's Disease Mitochondrial Cascade Hypothesis: A Current Overview. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:751-768. [PMID: 36806512 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Viable Alzheimer's disease (AD) hypotheses must account for its age-dependence; commonality; association with amyloid precursor protein, tau, and apolipoprotein E biology; connection with vascular, inflammation, and insulin signaling changes; and systemic features. Mitochondria and parameters influenced by mitochondria could link these diverse characteristics. Mitochondrial biology can initiate changes in pathways tied to AD and mediate the dysfunction that produces the clinical phenotype. For these reasons, conceptualizing a mitochondrial cascade hypothesis is a straightforward process and data accumulating over decades argue the validity of its principles. Alternative AD hypotheses may yet account for its mitochondria-related phenomena, but absent this happening a primary mitochondrial cascade hypothesis will continue to evolve and attract interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell H Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, USA.,Departments of Neurology, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
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8
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Strope TA, Wilkins HM. Amyloid precursor protein and mitochondria. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 78:102651. [PMID: 36462447 PMCID: PMC9845182 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) processing to amyloid beta (Aβ) is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The amyloid cascade hypothesis postulates that Aβ accumulation and aggregation causes AD, however many therapeutics targeting Aβ have failed recently. Decades of research describe metabolic deficits in AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in AD subjects within the brain and systemically. APP and γ-secretase are localized to mitochondria. APP can be processed within mitochondria and its localization to mitochondria affects function. Here we discuss the evidence showing APP and γ-secretase localize to mitochondria. We also discuss the implications for the function of APP and its cleavage products in regulating mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Strope
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. https://twitter.com/OneDayDrTay
| | - Heather M Wilkins
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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9
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Pinto M, Diaz F, Nissanka N, Guastucci CS, Illiano P, Brambilla R, Moraes CT. Adult-Onset Deficiency of Mitochondrial Complex III in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Decreases Amyloid Beta Plaque Formation. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6552-6566. [PMID: 35969330 PMCID: PMC9464722 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For decades, mitochondrial dysfunctions and the generation of reactive oxygen species have been proposed to promote the development and progression of the amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease, but this association is still debated. It is unclear whether different mitochondrial dysfunctions, such as oxidative phosphorylation deficiency and oxidative stress, are triggers or rather consequences of the formation of amyloid aggregates. Likewise, the role of the different mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes in Alzheimer's patients' brain remains poorly understood. Previous studies showed that genetic ablation of oxidative phosphorylation enzymes from early age decreased amyloid pathology, which were unexpected results. To better model oxidative phosphorylation defects in aging, we induced the ablation of mitochondrial Complex III (CIIIKO) in forebrain neurons of adult mice with amyloid pathology. We found that mitochondrial Complex III dysfunction in adult neurons induced mild oxidative stress but did not increase amyloid beta accumulation. On the contrary, CIIIKO-AD mice showed decreased plaque number, decreased Aβ42 toxic fragment, and altered amyloid precursor protein clearance pathway. Our results support the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunctions alone, caused by oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, is not the cause of amyloid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Pinto
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Francisca Diaz
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nadee Nissanka
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Chelsey S Guastucci
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Placido Illiano
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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10
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Mitochondrial function and Aβ in Alzheimer's disease postmortem brain. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105781. [PMID: 35667615 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relationship between functional mitochondrial deficits and AD pathologies is not well established in human subjects. METHODS Post-mortem human brain tissue from 11 non-demented (ND) and 12 AD subjects was used to examine mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) function. Data were analyzed by neuropathology diagnosis and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. Relationships between AD pathology and mitochondrial function were determined. RESULTS AD subjects had reductions in brain cytochrome oxidase (COX) function and complex II Vmax. APOE ε4 carriers had COX, complex II and III deficits. AD subjects had reduced expression of Complex I-III ETC proteins, no changes were observed in APOE ε4 carriers. No correlation between p-Tau Thr 181 and mitochondrial outcomes was observed, although brains from non-demented subjects demonstrated positive correlations between Aβ concentration and COX Vmax. DISCUSSION These data support a dysregulated relationship between brain mitochondrial function and Aβ pathology in AD.
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11
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Alimova AA, Sitnikov VV, Pogorelov DI, Boyko ON, Vitkalova IY, Gureev AP, Popov VN. High Doses of Pesticides Induce mtDNA Damage in Intact Mitochondria of Potato In Vitro and Do Not Impact on mtDNA Integrity of Mitochondria of Shoots and Tubers under In Vivo Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062970. [PMID: 35328391 PMCID: PMC8955856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that pesticides are toxic for mitochondria of animals. The effect of pesticides on plant mitochondria has not been widely studied. The goal of this research is to study the impact of metribuzin and imidacloprid on the amount of damage in the mtDNA of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in various conditions. We developed a set of primers to estimate mtDNA damage for the fragments in three chromosomes of potato mitogenome. We showed that both metribuzin and imidacloprid considerably damage mtDNA in vitro. Imidacloprid reduces the rate of seed germination, but does not impact the rate of the growth and number of mtDNA damage in the potato shoots. Field experiments show that pesticide exposure does not induce change in aconitate hydratase activity, and can cause a decrease in the rate of H2O2 production. We can assume that the mechanism of pesticide-induced mtDNA damage in vitro is not associated with H2O2 production, and pesticides as electrophilic substances directly interact with mtDNA. The effect of pesticides on the integrity of mtDNA in green parts of plants and in crop tubers is insignificant. In general, plant mtDNA is resistant to pesticide exposure in vivo, probably due to the presence of non-coupled respiratory systems in plant mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina A. Alimova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (A.A.A.); (V.V.S.); (D.I.P.); (O.N.B.); (I.Y.V.); (V.N.P.)
| | - Vadim V. Sitnikov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (A.A.A.); (V.V.S.); (D.I.P.); (O.N.B.); (I.Y.V.); (V.N.P.)
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Daniil I. Pogorelov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (A.A.A.); (V.V.S.); (D.I.P.); (O.N.B.); (I.Y.V.); (V.N.P.)
| | - Olga N. Boyko
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (A.A.A.); (V.V.S.); (D.I.P.); (O.N.B.); (I.Y.V.); (V.N.P.)
| | - Inna Y. Vitkalova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (A.A.A.); (V.V.S.); (D.I.P.); (O.N.B.); (I.Y.V.); (V.N.P.)
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Artem P. Gureev
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (A.A.A.); (V.V.S.); (D.I.P.); (O.N.B.); (I.Y.V.); (V.N.P.)
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Vasily N. Popov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (A.A.A.); (V.V.S.); (D.I.P.); (O.N.B.); (I.Y.V.); (V.N.P.)
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
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Trushina E, Trushin S, Hasan MF. Mitochondrial complex I as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:483-495. [PMID: 35256930 PMCID: PMC8897152 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prominent form of dementia in the elderly, has no cure. Strategies focused on the reduction of amyloid beta or hyperphosphorylated Tau protein have largely failed in clinical trials. Novel therapeutic targets and strategies are urgently needed. Emerging data suggest that in response to environmental stress, mitochondria initiate an integrated stress response (ISR) shown to be beneficial for healthy aging and neuroprotection. Here, we review data that implicate mitochondrial electron transport complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation as a hub for small molecule-targeted therapeutics that could induce beneficial mitochondrial ISR. Specifically, partial inhibition of mitochondrial complex I has been exploited as a novel strategy for multiple human conditions, including AD, with several small molecules being tested in clinical trials. We discuss current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in this counterintuitive approach. Since this strategy has also been shown to enhance health and life span, the development of safe and efficacious complex I inhibitors could promote healthy aging, delaying the onset of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- APP/PS1, amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Alzheimer's disease
- Aβ, amyloid beta
- BBB, blood‒brain barrier
- BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- CP2, tricyclic pyrone compound two
- Complex I inhibitors
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ETC, electron transport chain
- FADH2, flavin adenine dinucleotide
- FDG-PET, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography
- GWAS, genome-wide association study
- HD, Huntington's disease
- HIF-1α, hypoxia induced factor 1 α
- Healthy aging
- ISR, integrated stress response
- Integrated stress response
- LTP, long term potentiation
- MCI, mild cognitive impairment
- MPTP, 1-methyl 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- Mitochondria
- Mitochondria signaling
- Mitochondria targeted therapeutics
- NAD+ and NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NRF2, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2
- Neuroprotection
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PGC1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha
- PMF, proton-motive force
- RNAi, RNA interference
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- T2DM, type II diabetes mellitus
- TCA, the tricarboxylic acid cycle
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- mtUPR, mitochondrial unfolded protein response
- pTau, hyper-phosphorylated Tau protein
- ΔpH, proton gradient
- Δψm, mitochondrial membrane potential
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Wilkins HM, Troutwine BR, Menta BW, Manley SJ, Strope TA, Lysaker CR, Swerdlow RH. Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Influences Amyloid-β Protein Precursor Localization and Amyloid-β Secretion. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 85:381-394. [PMID: 34806611 PMCID: PMC9212216 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid-β (Aβ), which derives from the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP), forms plaques and serves as a fluid biomarker in Alzheimer's disease (AD). How Aβ forms from AβPP is known, but questions relating to AβPP and Aβ biology remain unanswered. AD patients show mitochondrial dysfunction, and an Aβ/AβPP mitochondria relationship exists. OBJECTIVE We considered how mitochondrial biology may impact AβPP and Aβ biology. METHODS SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with AβPP constructs. After treatment with FCCP (uncoupler), Oligomycin (ATP synthase inhibitor), or starvation Aβ levels were measured. β-secretase (BACE1) expression was measured. Mitochondrial localized full-length AβPP was also measured. All parameters listed were measured in ρ0 cells on an SH-SY5Y background. iPSC derived neurons were also used to verify key results. RESULTS We showed that mitochondrial depolarization routes AβPP to, while hyperpolarization routes AβPP away from, the organelle. Mitochondrial AβPP and cell Aβ secretion inversely correlate, as cells with more mitochondrial AβPP secrete less Aβ, and cells with less mitochondrial AβPP secrete more Aβ. An inverse relationship between secreted/extracellular Aβ and intracellular Aβ was observed. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate mitochondrial function alters AβPP localization and suggest enhanced mitochondrial activity promotes Aβ secretion while depressed mitochondrial activity minimizes Aβ secretion. Our data complement other studies that indicate a mitochondrial, AβPP, and Aβ nexus, and could help explain why cerebrospinal fluid Aβ is lower in those with AD. Our data further suggest Aβ secretion could serve as a biomarker of cell or tissue mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Wilkins
- Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Benjamin R. Troutwine
- Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Blaise W. Menta
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Sharon J. Manley
- Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Taylor A. Strope
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Colton R. Lysaker
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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14
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Neves AF, Camargo C, Premer C, Hare JM, Baumel BS, Pinto M. Intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells reduces Tau phosphorylation and inflammation in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2021; 341:113706. [PMID: 33757765 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration is a novel and promising therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Focusing on an intervention easily translatable into clinical practice, we administered allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSCs intravenously in a mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD). We systematically evaluated the effects of a single-dose and multiple-doses of MSCs in young and old mice (5 or 10 months old), comparing the short-term and long-term effects after 1, 2, or 7 months of treatment. A single dose of MSCs in young mice attenuated neuroinflammation 1 and 7 months after injection, whereas multiple-doses did not show any effect. Multiple-doses of MSCs (administered at 5 to 12 mo, or 10 to 12 mo) reduced the β-secretase cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein, although levels of Aβ-42 did not change. Most interestingly, multiple doses of MSCs affected tau hyperphosphorylation. MSCs administered in young mice for 7 months decreased the pathological tau phosphorylation at T205, S214, and T231. MSCs administered in old mice for 2 months decreased tau phosphorylation at S396. Our findings show how different timing and frequency of MSC injections can affect and modulate several aspects of the AD-like neuropathology in the 3xTg-AD mouse model, strengthening the concept of fine-tuning MSC therapy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ferreira Neves
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 1420 NW 9th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
| | - Christian Camargo
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
| | - Courtney Premer
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Suite 909, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Suite 909, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
| | - Bernard S Baumel
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
| | - Milena Pinto
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 1420 NW 9th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
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15
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Salmina AB, Kharitonova EV, Gorina YV, Teplyashina EA, Malinovskaya NA, Khilazheva ED, Mosyagina AI, Morgun AV, Shuvaev AN, Salmin VV, Lopatina OL, Komleva YK. Blood-Brain Barrier and Neurovascular Unit In Vitro Models for Studying Mitochondria-Driven Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4661. [PMID: 33925080 PMCID: PMC8125678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiology of chronic neurodegeneration is mainly based on complex mechanisms related to aberrant signal transduction, excitation/inhibition imbalance, excitotoxicity, synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, proteotoxicity and protein misfolding, local insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction, excessive cell death, development of glia-supported neuroinflammation, and failure of neurogenesis. These mechanisms tightly associate with dramatic alterations in the structure and activity of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). NVU is an ensemble of brain cells (brain microvessel endothelial cells (BMECs), astrocytes, pericytes, neurons, and microglia) serving for the adjustment of cell-to-cell interactions, metabolic coupling, local microcirculation, and neuronal excitability to the actual needs of the brain. The part of the NVU known as a BBB controls selective access of endogenous and exogenous molecules to the brain tissue and efflux of metabolites to the blood, thereby providing maintenance of brain chemical homeostasis critical for efficient signal transduction and brain plasticity. In Alzheimer's disease, mitochondria are the target organelles for amyloid-induced neurodegeneration and alterations in NVU metabolic coupling or BBB breakdown. In this review we discuss understandings on mitochondria-driven NVU and BBB dysfunction, and how it might be studied in current and prospective NVU/BBB in vitro models for finding new approaches for the efficient pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla B. Salmina
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.V.K.); (Y.V.G.); (E.A.T.); (N.A.M.); (E.D.K.); (A.I.M.); (A.V.M.); (A.N.S.); (V.V.S.); (O.L.L.); (Y.K.K.)
- Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Kharitonova
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.V.K.); (Y.V.G.); (E.A.T.); (N.A.M.); (E.D.K.); (A.I.M.); (A.V.M.); (A.N.S.); (V.V.S.); (O.L.L.); (Y.K.K.)
| | - Yana V. Gorina
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.V.K.); (Y.V.G.); (E.A.T.); (N.A.M.); (E.D.K.); (A.I.M.); (A.V.M.); (A.N.S.); (V.V.S.); (O.L.L.); (Y.K.K.)
| | - Elena A. Teplyashina
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.V.K.); (Y.V.G.); (E.A.T.); (N.A.M.); (E.D.K.); (A.I.M.); (A.V.M.); (A.N.S.); (V.V.S.); (O.L.L.); (Y.K.K.)
| | - Natalia A. Malinovskaya
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.V.K.); (Y.V.G.); (E.A.T.); (N.A.M.); (E.D.K.); (A.I.M.); (A.V.M.); (A.N.S.); (V.V.S.); (O.L.L.); (Y.K.K.)
| | - Elena D. Khilazheva
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.V.K.); (Y.V.G.); (E.A.T.); (N.A.M.); (E.D.K.); (A.I.M.); (A.V.M.); (A.N.S.); (V.V.S.); (O.L.L.); (Y.K.K.)
| | - Angelina I. Mosyagina
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.V.K.); (Y.V.G.); (E.A.T.); (N.A.M.); (E.D.K.); (A.I.M.); (A.V.M.); (A.N.S.); (V.V.S.); (O.L.L.); (Y.K.K.)
| | - Andrey V. Morgun
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.V.K.); (Y.V.G.); (E.A.T.); (N.A.M.); (E.D.K.); (A.I.M.); (A.V.M.); (A.N.S.); (V.V.S.); (O.L.L.); (Y.K.K.)
| | - Anton N. Shuvaev
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.V.K.); (Y.V.G.); (E.A.T.); (N.A.M.); (E.D.K.); (A.I.M.); (A.V.M.); (A.N.S.); (V.V.S.); (O.L.L.); (Y.K.K.)
| | - Vladimir V. Salmin
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.V.K.); (Y.V.G.); (E.A.T.); (N.A.M.); (E.D.K.); (A.I.M.); (A.V.M.); (A.N.S.); (V.V.S.); (O.L.L.); (Y.K.K.)
| | - Olga L. Lopatina
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.V.K.); (Y.V.G.); (E.A.T.); (N.A.M.); (E.D.K.); (A.I.M.); (A.V.M.); (A.N.S.); (V.V.S.); (O.L.L.); (Y.K.K.)
| | - Yulia K. Komleva
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.V.K.); (Y.V.G.); (E.A.T.); (N.A.M.); (E.D.K.); (A.I.M.); (A.V.M.); (A.N.S.); (V.V.S.); (O.L.L.); (Y.K.K.)
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16
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Bosseboeuf E, Raimondi C. Signalling, Metabolic Pathways and Iron Homeostasis in Endothelial Cells in Health, Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092055. [PMID: 32911833 PMCID: PMC7564205 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells drive the formation of new blood vessels in physiological and pathological contexts such as embryonic development, wound healing, cancer and ocular diseases. Once formed, all vessels of the vasculature system present an endothelial monolayer (the endothelium), lining the luminal wall of the vessels, that regulates gas and nutrient exchange between the circulating blood and tissues, contributing to maintaining tissue and vascular homeostasis. To perform their functions, endothelial cells integrate signalling pathways promoted by growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix components and signals from mechanosensory complexes sensing the blood flow. New evidence shows that endothelial cells rely on specific metabolic pathways for distinct cellular functions and that the integration of signalling and metabolic pathways regulates endothelial-dependent processes such as angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis. In this review, we provide an overview of endothelial functions and the recent advances in understanding the role of endothelial signalling and metabolism in physiological processes such as angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis and vascular diseases. Also, we focus on the signalling pathways promoted by the transmembrane protein Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) in endothelial cells, its recently discovered role in regulating mitochondrial function and iron homeostasis and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and iron in atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases.
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17
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Bacman SR, Gammage P, Minczuk M, Moraes CT. Manipulation of mitochondrial genes and mtDNA heteroplasmy. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 155:441-487. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Perez Ortiz JM, Swerdlow RH. Mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: Role in pathogenesis and novel therapeutic opportunities. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3489-3507. [PMID: 30675901 PMCID: PMC6715612 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of cell bioenergetics is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases, the most common of which is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Disrupted energy utilization implicates mitochondria at its nexus. This review summarizes some of the evidence that points to faulty mitochondrial function in AD and highlights past and current therapeutic development efforts. Classical neuropathological hallmarks of disease (β-amyloid and τ) and sporadic AD risk genes (APOE) may trigger mitochondrial disturbance, yet mitochondrial dysfunction may incite pathology. Preclinical and clinical efforts have overwhelmingly centred on the amyloid pathway, but clinical trials have yet to reveal clear-cut benefits. AD therapies aimed at mitochondrial dysfunction are few and concentrate on reversing oxidative stress and cell death pathways. Novel research efforts aimed at boosting mitochondrial and bioenergetic function offer an alternative treatment strategy. Enhancing cell bioenergetics in preclinical models may yield widespread favourable effects that could benefit persons with AD. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit M. Perez Ortiz
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease CenterFairwayKSUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease CenterFairwayKSUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
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19
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Abstract
Decades of research indicate mitochondria from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients differ from those of non-AD individuals. Initial studies revealed structural differences, and subsequent studies showed functional deficits. Observations of structure and function changes prompted investigators to consider the consequences, significance, and causes of AD-related mitochondrial dysfunction. Currently, extensive research argues mitochondria may mediate, drive, or contribute to a variety of AD pathologies. The perceived significance of these mitochondrial changes continues to grow, and many currently believe AD mitochondrial dysfunction represents a reasonable therapeutic target. Debate continues over the origin of AD mitochondrial changes. Some argue amyloid-β (Aβ) induces AD mitochondrial dysfunction, a view that does not challenge the amyloid cascade hypothesis and that may in fact help explain that hypothesis. Alternatively, data indicate mitochondrial dysfunction exists independent of Aβ, potentially lies upstream of Aβ deposition, and suggest a primary mitochondrial cascade hypothesis that assumes mitochondrial pathology hierarchically supersedes Aβ pathology. Mitochondria, therefore, appear at least to mediate or possibly even initiate pathologic molecular cascades in AD. This review considers studies and data that inform this area of AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell H Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center and Departments of Neurology, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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20
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Chocron ES, Munkácsy E, Pickering AM. Cause or casualty: The role of mitochondrial DNA in aging and age-associated disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:285-297. [PMID: 30419337 PMCID: PMC6310633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) represents a tiny fraction of the whole genome, comprising just 16.6 kilobases encoding 37 genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and the mitochondrial translation machinery. Despite its small size, much interest has developed in recent years regarding the role of mtDNA as a determinant of both aging and age-associated diseases. A number of studies have presented compelling evidence for key roles of mtDNA in age-related pathology, although many are correlative rather than demonstrating cause. In this review we will evaluate the evidence supporting and opposing a role for mtDNA in age-associated functional declines and diseases. We provide an overview of mtDNA biology, damage and repair as well as the influence of mitochondrial haplogroups, epigenetics and maternal inheritance in aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sandra Chocron
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA
| | - Erin Munkácsy
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA
| | - Andrew M Pickering
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA.
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21
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Matsuda S, Nakagawa Y, Tsuji A, Kitagishi Y, Nakanishi A, Murai T. Implications of PI3K/AKT/PTEN Signaling on Superoxide Dismutases Expression and in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Diseases 2018; 6:E28. [PMID: 29677102 PMCID: PMC6023281 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative sickness, where the speed of personal disease progression differs prominently due to genetic and environmental factors such as life style. Alzheimer’s disease is described by the construction of neuronal plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of phosphorylated tau protein. Mitochondrial dysfunction may be a noticeable feature of Alzheimer’s disease and increased production of reactive oxygen species has long been described. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) protect from excess reactive oxygen species to form less reactive hydrogen peroxide. It is suggested that SODs can play a protective role in neurodegeneration. In addition, PI3K/AKT pathway has been shown to play a critical role on the neuroprotection and inhibiting apoptosis via the enhancing expression of the SODs. This pathway appears to be crucial in Alzheimer’s disease because it is related to the tau protein hyper-phosphorylation. Dietary supplementation of several ordinary compounds may provide a novel therapeutic approach to brain disorders by modulating the function of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Understanding these systems may offer a better efficacy of new therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize recent progresses on the involvement of the SODs and PI3K/AKT pathway in neuroprotective signaling against Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Yukie Nakagawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Ai Tsuji
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Kitagishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Nakanishi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tezukayama University, Nara 631-8501, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Murai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
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Nissanka N, Moraes CT. Mitochondrial DNA damage and reactive oxygen species in neurodegenerative disease. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:728-742. [PMID: 29281123 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles within the cell where most ATP is produced through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). A subset of the genes needed for this process are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). One consequence of OXPHOS is the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), whose role in mediating cellular damage, particularly in damaging mtDNA during ageing, has been controversial. There are subsets of neurons that appear to be more sensitive to ROS-induced damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge in the field of mtDNA and neurodegeneration, the debate about ROS as a pathological or beneficial contributor to neuronal function, bona fide mtDNA diseases, and insights from mouse models of mtDNA defects affecting the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadee Nissanka
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
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Kawamata H, Manfredi G. Proteinopathies and OXPHOS dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:3917-3929. [PMID: 29167179 PMCID: PMC5716291 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201709172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria participate in essential processes in the nervous system such as energy and intermediate metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis. Major neurodegenerative diseases are characterized pathologically by accumulation of misfolded proteins as a result of gene mutations or abnormal protein homeostasis. Misfolded proteins associate with mitochondria, forming oligomeric and fibrillary aggregates. As mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), occurs in neurodegeneration, it is postulated that such defects are caused by the accumulation of misfolded proteins. However, this hypothesis and the pathological role of proteinopathies in mitochondria remain elusive. In this study, we critically review the proposed mechanisms whereby exemplary misfolded proteins associate with mitochondria and their consequences on OXPHOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibiki Kawamata
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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24
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Mitochondria, Cybrids, Aging, and Alzheimer's Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 146:259-302. [PMID: 28253988 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial and bioenergetic function change with advancing age and may drive aging phenotypes. Mitochondrial and bioenergetic changes are also documented in various age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In some instances AD mitochondrial and bioenergetic changes are reminiscent of those observed with advancing age but are greater in magnitude. Mitochondrial and bioenergetic dysfunction could, therefore, link neurodegeneration to brain aging. Interestingly, mitochondrial defects in AD patients are not brain-limited, and mitochondrial function can be linked to classic AD histologic changes including amyloid precursor protein processing to beta amyloid. Also, transferring mitochondria from AD subjects to cell lines depleted of endogenous mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) creates cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) cell lines that recapitulate specific biochemical, molecular, and histologic AD features. Such findings have led to the formulation of a "mitochondrial cascade hypothesis" that places mitochondrial dysfunction at the apex of the AD pathology pyramid. Data pertinent to this premise are reviewed.
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25
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Hou Y, Song H, Croteau DL, Akbari M, Bohr VA. Genome instability in Alzheimer disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 161:83-94. [PMID: 27105872 PMCID: PMC5195918 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. Autosomal dominant, familial AD (fAD) is very rare and caused by mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin-1 (PSEN-1), and presenilin-2 (PSEN-2) genes. The pathogenesis of sporadic AD (sAD) is more complex and variants of several genes are associated with an increased lifetime risk of AD. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA integrity is pivotal during neuronal development, maintenance and function. DNA damage and alterations in cellular DNA repair capacity have been implicated in the aging process and in age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. These findings are supported by research using animal models of AD and in DNA repair deficient animal models. In recent years, novel mechanisms linking DNA damage to neuronal dysfunction have been identified and have led to the development of noninvasive treatment strategies. Further investigations into the molecular mechanisms connecting DNA damage to AD pathology may help to develop novel treatment strategies for this debilitating disease. Here we provide an overview of the role of genome instability and DNA repair deficiency in AD pathology and discuss research strategies that include genome instability as a component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Hou
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Hyundong Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mansour Akbari
- Center for Healthy Aging, SUND, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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26
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Wilkins HM, Swerdlow RH. Amyloid precursor protein processing and bioenergetics. Brain Res Bull 2016; 133:71-79. [PMID: 27545490 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to amyloid beta (Aβ) is of great interest to the Alzheimer's disease (AD) field. Decades of research define how APP is altered to form Aβ, and how Aβ generates oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils. Numerous signaling pathways and changes in cell physiology are known to influence APP processing. Existing data additionally indicate a relationship exists between mitochondria, bioenergetics, and APP processing. Here, we review data that address whether mitochondrial function and bioenergetics modify APP processing and Aβ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Wilkins
- Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA.
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27
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Qu M, Jiang Z, Liao Y, Song Z, Nan X. Lycopene Prevents Amyloid [Beta]-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Dysfunctions in Cultured Rat Cortical Neurons. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1354-64. [PMID: 26816095 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Brains affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) show a large spectrum of mitochondrial alterations at both morphological and genetic level. The causal link between β-amyloid (Aβ) and mitochondrial dysfunction has been established in cellular models of AD. We observed previously that lycopene, a member of the carotenoid family of phytochemicals, could counteract neuronal apoptosis and cell damage induced by Aβ and other neurotoxic substances, and that this neuroprotective action somehow involved the mitochondria. The present study aims to investigate the effects of lycopene on mitochondria in cultured rat cortical neurons exposed to Aβ. It was found that lycopene attenuated Aβ-induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by the decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondria-derived superoxide production. Additionally, lycopene ameliorated Aβ-induced mitochondrial morphological alteration, opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pores and the consequent cytochrome c release. Lycopene also improved mitochondrial complex activities and restored ATP levels in Aβ-treated neuron. Furthermore, lycopene prevented mitochondrial DNA damages and improved the protein level of mitochondrial transcription factor A in mitochondria. Those results indicate that lycopene protects mitochondria against Aβ-induced damages, at least in part by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function. These beneficial effects of lycopene may account for its protection against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Qu
- Center for Diseases Prevention and Control of the Rocket Force of PLA, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxiang Liao
- Center for Diseases Prevention and Control of the Rocket Force of PLA, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenyao Song
- Center for Diseases Prevention and Control of the Air Force of PLA, Beijing, 100076, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhong Nan
- Center for Diseases Prevention and Control of the Rocket Force of PLA, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China
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28
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Van Houten B, Hunter SE, Meyer JN. Mitochondrial DNA damage induced autophagy, cell death, and disease. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2016; 21:42-54. [PMID: 26709760 DOI: 10.2741/4375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian mitochondria contain multiple small genomes. While these organelles have efficient base excision removal of oxidative DNA lesions and alkylation damage, many DNA repair systems that work on nuclear DNA damage are not active in mitochondria. What is the fate of DNA damage in the mitochondria that cannot be repaired or that overwhelms the repair system? Some forms of mitochondrial DNA damage can apparently trigger mitochondrial DNA destruction, either via direct degradation or through specific forms of autophagy, such as mitophagy. However, accumulation of certain types of mitochondrial damage, in the absence of DNA ligase III (Lig3) or exonuclease G (EXOG), can directly trigger cell death. This review examines the cellular effects of persistent damage to mitochondrial genomes and discusses the very different cell fates that occur in response to different kinds of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett Van Houten
- Department of Pharmacology Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 15213-1863,
| | - Senyene E Hunter
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328
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Devall M, Burrage J, Caswell R, Johnson M, Troakes C, Al-Sarraj S, Jeffries AR, Mill J, Lunnon K. A comparison of mitochondrial DNA isolation methods in frozen post-mortem human brain tissue—applications for studies of mitochondrial genetics in brain disorders. Biotechniques 2015; 59:241-2, 244-6. [DOI: 10.2144/000114343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that many brain disorders are characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, there is a growing interest in investigating genetic and epigenetic variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). One major caveat for such studies is the presence of nuclear-mitochondrial pseudogenes (NUMTs), which are regions of the mitochondrial genome that have been inserted into the nuclear genome over evolution and, if not accounted for, can confound genetic studies of mtDNA. Here we provide the first systematic comparison of methods for isolating mtDNA from frozen post-mortem human brain tissue. Our data show that a commercial method from Miltenyi Biotec, which magnetically isolates mitochondria using antibodies raised against the mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM22, gives significant mtDNA enrichment and should be considered the method of choice for mtDNA studies in frozen brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Devall
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Joe Burrage
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Richard Caswell
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Matthew Johnson
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aaron R Jeffries
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Devon, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Mill
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Devon, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katie Lunnon
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Devon, UK
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30
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Devall M, Mill J, Lunnon K. The mitochondrial epigenome: a role in Alzheimer's disease? Epigenomics 2015; 6:665-75. [PMID: 25531259 DOI: 10.2217/epi.14.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction occurs early in Alzheimer's disease, both in affected brain regions and in leukocytes, potentially precipitating neurodegeneration through increased oxidative stress. Epigenetic processes are emerging as a dynamic mechanism through which environmental signals may contribute to cellular changes, leading to neuropathology and disease. Until recently, little attention was given to the mitochondrial epigenome itself, as preliminary studies indicated an absence of DNA modifications. However, recent research has demonstrated that epigenetic changes to the mitochondrial genome do occur, potentially playing an important role in several disorders characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. This review explores the potential role of mitochondrial epigenetic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease etiology and discusses some technical issues pertinent to the study of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Devall
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 4, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon, UK
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31
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Sykora P, Misiak M, Wang Y, Ghosh S, Leandro GS, Liu D, Tian J, Baptiste BA, Cong WN, Brenerman BM, Fang E, Becker KG, Hamilton RJ, Chigurupati S, Zhang Y, Egan JM, Croteau DL, Wilson DM, Mattson MP, Bohr VA. DNA polymerase β deficiency leads to neurodegeneration and exacerbates Alzheimer disease phenotypes. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:943-59. [PMID: 25552414 PMCID: PMC4333403 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We explore the role of DNA damage processing in the progression of cognitive decline by creating a new mouse model. The new model is a cross of a common Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse (3xTgAD), with a mouse that is heterozygous for the critical DNA base excision repair enzyme, DNA polymerase β. A reduction of this enzyme causes neurodegeneration and aggravates the AD features of the 3xTgAD mouse, inducing neuronal dysfunction, cell death and impairing memory and synaptic plasticity. Transcriptional profiling revealed remarkable similarities in gene expression alterations in brain tissue of human AD patients and 3xTg/Polβ(+/-) mice including abnormalities suggestive of impaired cellular bioenergetics. Our findings demonstrate that a modest decrement in base excision repair capacity can render the brain more vulnerable to AD-related molecular and cellular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sykora
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Magdalena Misiak
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Somnath Ghosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Giovana S Leandro
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Dong Liu
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jane Tian
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Beverly A Baptiste
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Wei-Na Cong
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Boris M Brenerman
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Evandro Fang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo-Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Royce J Hamilton
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Soumya Chigurupati
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David M Wilson
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program (NIA IRP), Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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32
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Synthesis of some 3(2H)-pyridazinone and 1(2H)-phthalazinone derivatives incorporating aminothiazole moiety and investigation of their antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Swerdlow RH, Burns JM, Khan SM. The Alzheimer's disease mitochondrial cascade hypothesis: progress and perspectives. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1842:1219-31. [PMID: 24071439 PMCID: PMC3962811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ten years ago we first proposed the Alzheimer's disease (AD) mitochondrial cascade hypothesis. This hypothesis maintains that gene inheritance defines an individual's baseline mitochondrial function; inherited and environmental factors determine rates at which mitochondrial function changes over time; and baseline mitochondrial function and mitochondrial change rates influence AD chronology. Our hypothesis unequivocally states in sporadic, late-onset AD, mitochondrial function affects amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression, APP processing, or beta amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and argues if an amyloid cascade truly exists, mitochondrial function triggers it. We now review the state of the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, and discuss it in the context of recent AD biomarker studies, diagnostic criteria, and clinical trials. Our hypothesis predicts that biomarker changes reflect brain aging, new AD definitions clinically stage brain aging, and removing brain Aβ at any point will marginally impact cognitive trajectories. Our hypothesis, therefore, offers unique perspective into what sporadic, late-onset AD is and how to best treat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell H Swerdlow
- Departments of Neurology and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and the University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Burns
- Departments of Neurology and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and the University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
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34
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Avila J, Gómez-Ramos A, Soriano E. Variations in brain DNA. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:323. [PMID: 25505410 PMCID: PMC4243573 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is assumed that DNA sequences are conserved in the diverse cell types present in a multicellular organism like the human being. Thus, in order to compare the sequences in the genome of DNA from different individuals, nucleic acid is commonly isolated from a single tissue. In this regard, blood cells are widely used for this purpose because of their availability. Thus blood DNA has been used to study genetic familiar diseases that affect other tissues and organs, such as the liver, heart, and brain. While this approach is valid for the identification of familial diseases in which mutations are present in parental germinal cells and, therefore, in all the cells of a given organism, it is not suitable to identify sporadic diseases in which mutations might occur in specific somatic cells. This review addresses somatic DNA variations in different tissues or cells (mainly in the brain) of single individuals and discusses whether the dogma of DNA invariance between cell types is indeed correct. We will also discuss how single nucleotide somatic variations arise, focusing on the presence of specific DNA mutations in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Avila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIIIMadrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Neurobiology LaboratoryMadrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jesús Avila, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Neurobiology Laboratory, 208, C/ Nicolás Cabrera no. 1, Madrid, 28049, Spain e-mail: ; Eduardo Soriano, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Lab, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain e-mail:
| | - Alberto Gómez-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIIIMadrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Neurobiology LaboratoryMadrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIIIMadrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Lab, Parc Científic de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca (VHIR)Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jesús Avila, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Neurobiology Laboratory, 208, C/ Nicolás Cabrera no. 1, Madrid, 28049, Spain e-mail: ; Eduardo Soriano, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Lab, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain e-mail:
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35
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Bacman SR, Williams SL, Pinto M, Moraes CT. The use of mitochondria-targeted endonucleases to manipulate mtDNA. Methods Enzymol 2014; 547:373-97. [PMID: 25416366 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801415-8.00018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For more than a decade, mitochondria-targeted nucleases have been used to promote double-strand breaks in the mitochondrial genome. This was done in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) homoplasmic systems, where all mtDNA molecules can be affected, to create models of mitochondrial deficiencies. Alternatively, they were also used in a heteroplasmic model, where only a subset of the mtDNA molecules were substrates for cleavage. The latter approach showed that mitochondrial-targeted nucleases can reduce mtDNA haplotype loads in affected tissues, with clear implications for the treatment of patients with mitochondrial diseases. In the last few years, designer nucleases, such as ZFN and TALEN, have been adapted to cleave mtDNA, greatly expanding the potential therapeutic use. This chapter describes the techniques and approaches used to test these designer enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra R Bacman
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sion L Williams
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Milena Pinto
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
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36
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Pinto M, Moraes CT. Mitochondrial genome changes and neurodegenerative diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1842:1198-207. [PMID: 24252612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles within the cell where most of the energy production occurs by the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). Critical components of the OXPHOS are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and therefore, mutations involving this genome can be deleterious to the cell. Post-mitotic tissues, such as muscle and brain, are most sensitive to mtDNA changes, due to their high energy requirements and non-proliferative status. It has been proposed that mtDNA biological features and location make it vulnerable to mutations, which accumulate over time. However, although the role of mtDNA damage has been conclusively connected to neuronal impairment in mitochondrial diseases, its role in age-related neurodegenerative diseases remains speculative. Here we review the pathophysiology of mtDNA mutations leading to neurodegeneration and discuss the insights obtained by studying mouse models of mtDNA dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Pinto
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Peralta S, Torraco A, Wenz T, Garcia S, Diaz F, Moraes CT. Partial complex I deficiency due to the CNS conditional ablation of Ndufa5 results in a mild chronic encephalopathy but no increase in oxidative damage. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:1399-412. [PMID: 24154540 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiencies in the complex I (CI; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) of the respiratory chain are frequent causes of mitochondrial diseases and have been associated with other neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. The NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 (NDUFA5) is a nuclear-encoded structural subunit of CI, located in the peripheral arm. We inactivated Ndufa5 in mice by the gene-trap methodology and found that this protein is required for embryonic survival. Therefore, we have created a conditional Ndufa5 knockout (KO) allele by introducing a rescuing Ndufa5 cDNA transgene flanked by loxP sites, which was selectively ablated in neurons by the CaMKIIα-Cre. At the age of 11 months, mice with a central nervous system knockout of Ndufa5 (Ndufa5 CNS-KO) showed lethargy and loss of motor skills. In these mice cortices, the levels of NDUFA5 protein were reduced to 25% of controls. Fully assembled CI levels were also greatly reduced in cortex and CI activity in homogenates was reduced to 60% of controls. Despite the biochemical phenotype, no oxidative damage, neuronal death or gliosis were detected in the Ndufa5 CNS-KO brain at this age. These results showed that a partial defect in CI in neurons can lead to late-onset motor phenotypes without neuronal loss or oxidative damage.
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