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Intermediate alleles of HTT: A new pathway in longevity. J Neurol Sci 2022; 438:120274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rasmussen KL, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG, Frikke-Schmidt R. APOE and dementia - resequencing and genotyping in 105,597 individuals. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1624-1637. [PMID: 32808727 PMCID: PMC7984319 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The mechanism behind the strong association between the ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease is not well‐characterized. Because low plasma levels of apoE associate with risk of dementia, genetic variants altering apoE levels in general may also associate with dementia. Methods The APOE gene was sequenced in 10,369 individuals, and nine amino acid–changing variants with frequencies ≥2/10,000 were further genotyped in 95,228 individuals. Plasma apoE levels were measured directly. Results Risk of all dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) increased with decreasing genetically determined apoE levels (P = 5 × 10−4 and P = 1 × 10−4 after APOE ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 adjustment). Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for all dementia and AD were 2.76 (1.39 to 5.47) and 4.92 (2.36 to 10.29) for the group with the genetically lowest apoE versus ɛ33. Discussion We found that genetically low apoE levels increase and genetically high levels decrease risk, beyond ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4. This underscores that dementia risk more likely relates to variants affecting levels of apoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine L Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Tindale LC, Thiessen N, Leach S, Brooks-Wilson AR. Allele-Specific Transcript Abundance: A Pilot Study in Healthy Centenarians. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:1068-1072. [PMID: 31504207 PMCID: PMC7243586 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis of healthy aging and longevity remains largely unexplained. One hypothesis as to why long-lived individuals do not appear to have a lower number of common-complex disease variants, is that despite carrying risk variants, they express disease-linked alleles at a lower level than the wild-type alleles. Allele-specific abundance (ASA) is the different transcript abundance of the two haplotypes of a diploid individual. We sequenced the transcriptomes of four healthy centenarians and four mid-life controls. CIBERSORT was used to estimate blood cell fractions: neutrophils were the most abundant source of RNA, followed by CD8+ T cells, resting NK cells, and monocytes. ASA variants were more common in noncoding than coding regions. Centenarians and controls had a comparable distribution of ASA variants by predicted effect, and we did not observe an overall bias in expression toward major or minor alleles. Immune pathways were most highly represented among the gene set that showed ASA. Although we found evidence of ASA in disease-associated genes and transcription factors, we did not observe any differences in the pattern of expression between centenarians and controls in this small pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Tindale
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Nina Thiessen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephen Leach
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Angela R Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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4
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Iacono D, Feltis GC. Impact of Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism during normal and pathological conditions of the brain across the lifespan. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:787-816. [PMID: 30677746 PMCID: PMC6366964 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is the cellular substrate for the integration of complex, dynamic, constant, and simultaneous interactions among endogenous and exogenous stimuli across the entire human lifespan. Numerous studies on aging-related brain diseases show that some genes identified as risk factors for some of the most common neurodegenerative diseases - such as the allele 4 of APOE gene (APOE4) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) - have a much earlier neuro-anatomical and neuro-physiological impact. The impact of APOE polymorphism appears in fact to start as early as youth and early-adult life. Intriguingly, though, those same genes associated with aging-related brain diseases seem to influence different aspects of the brain functioning much earlier actually, that is, even from the neonatal periods and earlier. The APOE4, an allele classically associated with later-life neurodegenerative disorders as AD, seems in fact to exert a series of very early effects on phenomena of neuroplasticity and synaptogenesis that begin from the earliest periods of life such as the fetal ones.We reviewed some of the findings supporting the hypothesis that APOE polymorphism is an early modifier of various neurobiological aspects across the entire human lifespan - from the in-utero to the centenarian life - during both normal and pathological conditions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Iacono
- Neuropathology Research, Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey (BRInj), Cedar Knolls, NJ 07927, USA.,MidAtlantic Neonatology Associates (MANA), Morristown, NJ 07960, USA.,Atlantic Neuroscience Institute, Atlantic Health System (AHS), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Gloria C Feltis
- Neuropathology Research, Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey (BRInj), Cedar Knolls, NJ 07927, USA
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5
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Gu Q, Sable CM, Brooks-Wilson A, Murphy RA. Dietary patterns in the healthy oldest old in the healthy aging study and the Canadian longitudinal study of aging: a cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:106. [PMID: 32178631 PMCID: PMC7077120 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Very few people live to eighty-five years and older (the ‘oldest old’), and even fewer live to this age without developing chronic diseases. It is important to understand the relationship, if any, of modifiable factors such as diet on healthy aging. However, there are few studies of diet among healthy oldest old, especially in North American populations. We aimed to characterize dietary patterns among ‘super-seniors’ (SS) within the Canadian Healthy Aging Study. Methods 122 SS aged 85 years or older and free of cancer, cardiovascular or pulmonary disease, dementia and diabetes were recruited. Comparisons were made to 12,626 participants aged 65–86 in the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging who completed the same 36-item food frequency questionnaire that queried consumption over the prior 12 months of nutrients and foods thought to be important for aging. Dietary patterns were identified with principal component analysis. The odds of being a SS were determined for quartiles of each dietary pattern with logistic regression. Results Two dietary patterns were identified; a western diet characterized by french fries, red meat, processed meat and a nutrient-rich diet which included fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and seeds among other healthy food choices. Higher scores for both dietary patterns were associated with increased odds of being a SS, however, only the western dietary pattern remained associated with adjustment for covariates (Quartile 4: OR = 3.21, 95% CI 1.91–5.51). Conclusions Our finding adds to the limited evidence on dietary intake among the healthiest oldest old but it is unclear whether assocations reflect generational differences between groups or possible contributions to longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Gu
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Carly M Sable
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Rachel A Murphy
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. .,Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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6
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Silva-Sena GG, Camporez D, dos Santos LR, da Silva AS, Sagrillo Pimassoni LH, Tieppo A, Pimentel Batitucci MDC, Morelato RL, de Paula F. An association study of FOXO3 variant and longevity. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:386-396. [PMID: 30088610 PMCID: PMC6082243 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human longevity is a polygenic and multifactorial trait. Pathways related to lifespan are complex and involve molecular, cellular, and environmental processes. In this analytical observational study, we evaluated the relationship between environment factors, oxidative stress status, DNA integrity level, and the association of FOXO3 (rs2802292), SOD2 (rs4880), APOE (rs429358 and rs7412), and SIRT1 (rs2273773) polymorphisms with longevity in oldest-old individuals from southeastern Brazil. We found an association between the FOXO3 GG genotype and gender. While lifestyle, anthropometric, and biochemical characteristics showed significant results, DNA damage and oxidative stress were not related to lifespan. We found that long-lived individuals with FOXO3 GT genotype had low levels of triglycerides. This study is the first to demonstrate that FOXO3 could be a candidate gene for longevity in the Brazilian population. These results are important in terms of provisions of health care for age-related diseases and lifespan, and provide insight for further research on epigenetic, gene regulation, and expression in oldest-old individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geralda Gillian Silva-Sena
- Universidade Federal do Espírito
SantoUniversidade Federal do Espírito
SantoPrograma de Pós-Graduação em
BiotecnologiaVitóriaESBrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia,
Renorbio, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES,
Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Espírito
SantoUniversidade Federal do Espírito
SantoDepartamento de Educação Integrada em
SaúdeVitóriaESBrazilDepartamento de Educação Integrada em
Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo,
Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Daniela Camporez
- Universidade Federal do Espírito
SantoUniversidade Federal do Espírito
SantoPrograma de Pós-Graduação em
BiotecnologiaVitóriaESBrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia,
Renorbio, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES,
Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Espírito
SantoUniversidade Federal do Espírito
SantoDepartamento de Ciências
BiológicasVitóriaESBrazilDepartamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro
de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo,
Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Lígia Ramos dos Santos
- Universidade Federal do Espírito
SantoUniversidade Federal do Espírito
SantoPrograma de Pós-Graduação em
BiotecnologiaVitóriaESBrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia,
Renorbio, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES,
Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Espírito
SantoUniversidade Federal do Espírito
SantoDepartamento de Ciências
BiológicasVitóriaESBrazilDepartamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro
de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo,
Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Aline Sesana da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Espírito
SantoUniversidade Federal do Espírito
SantoDepartamento de Educação Integrada em
SaúdeVitóriaESBrazilDepartamento de Educação Integrada em
Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo,
Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Sagrillo Pimassoni
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa
de Misericórdia de VitóriaEscola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de
Misericórdia de VitóriaVitóriaESBrazilEscola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa
de Misericórdia de Vitória, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Tieppo
- Hospital da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de
VitóriaHospital da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de
VitóriaVitóriaESBrazilHospital da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de
Vitória, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Pimentel Batitucci
- Universidade Federal do Espírito
SantoUniversidade Federal do Espírito
SantoDepartamento de Ciências
BiológicasVitóriaESBrazilDepartamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro
de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo,
Vitória, ES, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Espírito
SantoUniversidade Federal do Espírito
SantoPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências
FarmacêuticasVitóriaESBrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências
Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito
Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Renato Lírio Morelato
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa
de Misericórdia de VitóriaEscola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de
Misericórdia de VitóriaVitóriaESBrazilEscola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa
de Misericórdia de Vitória, Vitória, ES, Brazil
- Hospital da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de
VitóriaHospital da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de
VitóriaVitóriaESBrazilHospital da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de
Vitória, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Flavia de Paula
- Universidade Federal do Espírito
SantoUniversidade Federal do Espírito
SantoPrograma de Pós-Graduação em
BiotecnologiaVitóriaESBrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia,
Renorbio, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES,
Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Espírito
SantoUniversidade Federal do Espírito
SantoDepartamento de Ciências
BiológicasVitóriaESBrazilDepartamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro
de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo,
Vitória, ES, Brazil
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7
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Halaschek-Wiener J, Tindale LC, Collins JA, Leach S, McManus B, Madden K, Meneilly G, Le ND, Connors JM, Brooks-Wilson AR. The Super-Seniors Study: Phenotypic characterization of a healthy 85+ population. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197578. [PMID: 29795606 PMCID: PMC5967696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To understand why some people live to advanced age in good health and others do not, it is important to study not only disease, but also long-term good health. The Super-Seniors Study aims to identify factors associated with healthy aging. Methods 480 healthy oldest-old ‘Super-Seniors’ aged 85 to 105 years and never diagnosed with cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dementia, or major pulmonary disease, were compared to 545 mid-life controls aged 41–54, who represent a group that is unselected for survival from late-life diseases. Health and lifestyle information, personal and family medical history, and blood samples were collected from all participants. Super-Seniors also underwent four geriatric tests. Results Super-Seniors showed high cognitive (Mini-Mental State Exam mean = 28.3) and functional capacity (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale mean = 21.4), as well as high physical function (Timed Up and Go mean = 12.3 seconds) and low levels of depression (Geriatric Depression Scale mean = 1.5). Super-Seniors were less likely to be current smokers than controls, but the frequency of drinking alcohol was the same in both groups. Super-Seniors were more likely to have 4 or more offspring; controls were more likely to have no children. Female Super-Seniors had a mean age of last fertility 1.9 years older than controls, and were 2.3 times more likely to have had a child at ≥ 40 years. The parents of Super-Seniors had mean ages of deaths of 79.3 years for mothers, and 74.5 years for fathers, each exceeding the life expectancy for their era by a decade. Conclusions Super-Seniors are cognitively and physically high functioning individuals who have evaded major age-related chronic diseases into old age, representing the approximately top 1% for healthspan. The familiality of long lifespan of the parents of Super-Seniors supports the hypothesis that heritable factors contribute to this desirable phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Halaschek-Wiener
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lauren C. Tindale
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Collins
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen Leach
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce McManus
- PROOF Centre of Excellence, University of British Columbia, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kenneth Madden
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Graydon Meneilly
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nhu D. Le
- Cancer Control Research, BCCA, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joseph M. Connors
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BCCA, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angela R. Brooks-Wilson
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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8
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Tindale LC, Leach S, Spinelli JJ, Brooks-Wilson AR. Lipid and Alzheimer's disease genes associated with healthy aging and longevity in healthy oldest-old. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20612-20621. [PMID: 28206976 PMCID: PMC5400530 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have found that long-lived individuals do not appear to carry lower numbers of common disease-associated variants than ordinary people; it has been hypothesized that they may instead carry protective variants. An intriguing type of protective variant is buffering variants that protect against variants that have deleterious effects. We genotyped 18 variants in 15 genes related to longevity or healthy aging that had been previously reported as having a gene-gene interaction or buffering effect. We compared a group of 446 healthy oldest-old ‘Super-Seniors’ (individuals 85 or older who have never been diagnosed with cancer, cardiovascular disease, dementia, diabetes or major pulmonary disease) to 421 random population-based midlife controls. Cases and controls were of European ancestry. Association tests of individual SNPs showed that Super-Seniors were less likely than controls to carry an APOEε4 allele or a haptoglobin HP2 allele. Interactions between APOE/FOXO3, APOE/CRYL1, and LPA/CRYL1 did not remain significant after multiple testing correction. In a network analysis of the candidate genes, lipid and cholesterol metabolism was a common theme. APOE, HP, and CRYL1 have all been associated with Alzheimer’s Disease, the pathology of which involves lipid and cholesterol pathways. Age-related changes in lipid and cholesterol maintenance, particularly in the brain, may be central to healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Tindale
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada
| | - Stephen Leach
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - John J Spinelli
- Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Angela R Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada
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9
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Iacono D, Zandi P, Gross M, Markesbery WR, Pletnikova O, Rudow G, Troncoso JC. APOε2 and education in cognitively normal older subjects with high levels of AD pathology at autopsy: findings from the Nun Study. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14082-91. [PMID: 26101858 PMCID: PMC4546453 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic Alzheimer's disease (ASYMAD) subjects are individuals characterized by preserved cognition before death despite substantial AD pathology at autopsy. ASYMAD subjects show comparable levels of AD pathology, i.e. β-amyloid neuritic plaques (Aβ-NP) and tau-neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), to those observed in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and some definite AD cases. Previous clinicopathologic studies on ASYMAD subjects have shown specific phenomena of hypertrophy in the cell bodies, nuclei, and nucleoli of hippocampal pyramidal neurons and other cerebral areas. Since it is well established that the allele APOε4 is a major genetic risk factor for AD, we examined whether specific alleles of APOE could be associated with the different clinical outcomes between ASYMAD and MCI subjects despite equivalent AD pathology. A total of 523 brains from the Nun Study were screened for this investigation. The results showed higher APOε2 frequency (p < 0.001) in ASYMAD (19.2%) vs. MCI (0%) and vs. AD (4.7%). Furthermore, higher education in ASYMAD vs. MCI and AD (p < 0.05) was found. These novel autopsy-verified findings support the hypothesis of the beneficial effect of APOε2 and education, both which seem to act as contributing factors in delaying or forestalling the clinical manifestations of AD despite consistent levels of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Iacono
- Neuropathology Division, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Neuropathology Research, Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey, Cedar Knolls, NJ, USA.,Atlantic Neuroscience Institute, Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ, USA.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Zandi
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Myron Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - William R Markesbery
- Department of Pathology, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Center, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Neuropathology Division, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gay Rudow
- Neuropathology Division, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Neuropathology Division, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Santos-Lozano A, Santamarina A, Pareja-Galeano H, Sanchis-Gomar F, Fiuza-Luces C, Cristi-Montero C, Bernal-Pino A, Lucia A, Garatachea N. The genetics of exceptional longevity: Insights from centenarians. Maturitas 2016; 90:49-57. [PMID: 27282794 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As the world population ages, so the prevalence increases of individuals aged 100 years or more, known as centenarians. Reaching this age has been described as exceptional longevity (EL) and is attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. Many genetic variations known to affect life expectancy exist in centenarians. This review of studies conducted on centenarians and supercentenarians (older than 110 years) updates knowledge of the impacts on longevity of the twenty most widely investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; GIDFYS, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Helios Pareja-Galeano
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Alejandro Lucia
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Garatachea
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte, GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) research group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
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11
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Lu F, Guan H, Gong B, Liu X, Zhu R, Wang Y, Qian J, Zhou T, Lan X, Wang P, Lin Y, Ma S, Lin H, Zhu X, Chen R, Zhu X, Shi Y, Yang Z. Genetic variants in PVRL2-TOMM40-APOE region are associated with human longevity in a Han Chinese population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99580. [PMID: 24924924 PMCID: PMC4055715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Human longevity results from a number of factors, including genetic background, favorable environmental, social factors and chance. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the association of human longevity with genetic variations in several major candidate genes in a Han Chinese population. Methods A case-control association study of 1015 long-lived individuals (aged 90 years or older) and 1725 younger controls (30–70 years old) was undertaken. Rs2075650 in TOMM40 was firstly genotyped using the ABI SNaPshot method in an initial cohort consisted of 597 unrelated long-lived individuals and 1275 younger controls enrolled from Sichuan. Secondly, eighteen tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PVRL2-TOMM40-APOE locus were genotyped for extensive study in the same cohort. Finally, 5 associated SNPs were genotyped in a replication cohort including 418 older individuals and 450 younger controls. The genotype and allele frequencies were evaluated using the χ2 tests. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) block structure was examined using the program Haploview. Results The case-control study of rs2075650 in TOMM40 showed significant difference in allele frequencies between cases and controls (P = 0.006) in an initial study. Of the 18 SNPs genotyped, rs405509 in APOE and another three SNPs (rs12978931, rs519825 and rs395908) in the PVRL2 gene also showed significant association with human longevity in extensive study in the same cohort. Rs2075650 in TOMM40, rs405509 in APOE and rs519825 in PVRL2 showed a significant association with human longevity in a replication cohort. Conclusion These results suggested that PVRL2, TOMM40 and APOE might be associated with human longevity. However, further research is needed to identify the causal variants and determine which of these genes are involved in the progress of human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaijin Guan
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Qian
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianqiu Zhou
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lan
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shi Ma
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - He Lin
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiong Zhu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (YS); (ZY)
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (YS); (ZY)
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