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Wu A, Lee D, Xiong WC. VPS35 or retromer as a potential target for neurodegenerative disorders: barriers to progress. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:701-712. [PMID: 39175128 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2392700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vacuolar Protein Sorting 35 (VPS35) is pivotal in the retromer complex, governing transmembrane protein trafficking within cells, and its dysfunction is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. A missense mutation, Asp620Asn (D620N), specifically ties to familial late-onset Parkinson's, while reduced VPS35 levels are observed in Alzheimer's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and tauopathies. VPS35's absence in certain neurons during development can initiate neurodegeneration, highlighting its necessity for neural health. Present therapeutic research mainly targets the clearance of harmful protein aggregates and symptom management. Innovative treatments focusing on VPS35 are under investigation, although fully understanding the mechanisms and optimal targeting strategies remain a challenge. AREAS COVERED This review offers a detailed account of VPS35's discovery, its role in neurodegenerative mechanisms - especially in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's - and its link to other disorders. It shines alight on recent insights into VPS35's function in development, disease, and as a therapeutic target. EXPERT OPINION VPS35 is integral to cellular function and disease association, making it a significant candidate for developing therapies. Progress in modulating VPS35's activity may lead to breakthrough treatments that not only slow disease progression but may also act as biomarkers for neurodegeneration risk, marking a step forward in managing these complex conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daehoon Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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2
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The Prognostic Value and the Oncogenic and Immunological Roles of Vacuolar Protein Sorting Associated Protein 26 A in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043486. [PMID: 36834898 PMCID: PMC9964486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of the prognostic markers and therapeutic targets might benefit the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), one of the most aggressive malignancies. Vacuolar protein sorting associated protein 26 A (VPS26A) is a candidate prognosis gene for hepatocellular carcinoma, but its expression and function in PAAD remain unknown. The mRNA and protein expression of VPS26A in PAAD was explored and validated by bioinformatics and immunohistochemical analysis. The correlation between VPS26A expression and various clinical parameters, genetic status, diagnostic and prognostic value, survival and immune infiltration were evaluated, and the co-expressed gene-set enrichment analysis for VPS26A was performed. Cytologic and molecular experiments were further carried out to investigate the role and potential mechanism of VPS26A in PAAD. The mRNA and protein levels of VPS26A were elevated in PAAD tissues. High VPS26A expression was associated with the advanced histological type, tumor stage simplified, smoking status and tumor mutational burden score, and the poor prognosis of PAAD patients. VPS26A expression was significantly correlated with immune infiltration and immunotherapy response. VPS26A-co-expressed genes were mainly enriched in the regulation of cell adhesion and actin cytoskeleton and the immune-response-regulating signaling pathway. Our experiments further demonstrated that VPS26A promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion potentials of PAAD cell lines through activating the EGFR/ERK signaling. Our study suggested that VPS26A could be a potential biomarker and a therapeutic target for PAAD through comprehensive regulation of its growth, migration and immune microenvironment.
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Hopfner F, Mueller SH, Szymczak S, Junge O, Tittmann L, May S, Lohmann K, Grallert H, Lieb W, Strauch K, Müller-Nurasyid M, Berger K, Schormair B, Winkelmann J, Mollenhauer B, Trenkwalder C, Maetzler W, Berg D, Kasten M, Klein C, Höglinger GU, Gasser T, Deuschl G, Franke A, Krawczak M, Dempfle A, Kuhlenbäumer G. Rare Variants in Specific Lysosomal Genes Are Associated With Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1245-1248. [PMID: 32267580 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired lysosomal degradation of α-synuclein and other cellular constituents may play an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Rare genetic variants in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene were consistently associated with PD. Here we examine the association between rare variants in lysosomal candidate genes and PD. METHODS We investigated the association between PD and rare genetic variants in 23 lysosomal candidate genes in 4096 patients with PD and an equal number of controls using pooled targeted next-generation DNA sequencing. Genewise association of rare variants in cases or controls was analyzed using the optimized sequence kernel association test with Bonferroni correction for the 23 tested genes. RESULTS We confirm the association of rare variants in GBA with PD and report novel associations for rare variants in ATP13A2, LAMP1, TMEM175, and VPS13C. CONCLUSION Rare variants in selected lysosomal genes, first and foremost GBA, are associated with PD. Rare variants in ATP13A2 and VPC13C previously linked to monogenic PD and more common variants in TMEM175 and VPS13C previously linked to sporadic PD in genome-wide association studies are associated with PD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hopfner
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie H Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silke Szymczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf Junge
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lukas Tittmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra May
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology II, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Barbara Schormair
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), München, Deutschland
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Paracelsus-Elena Hospital, Kassel, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Meike Kasten
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University Clinic Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Günther Deuschl
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - André Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gregor Kuhlenbäumer
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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Rahman AA, Morrison BE. Contributions of VPS35 Mutations to Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscience 2019; 401:1-10. [PMID: 30660673 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a multi-system neurodegenerative disease where approximately 90% of cases are idiopathic. The remaining 10% of the cases can be traced to a genetic origin and research has largely focused on these associated genes to gain a better understanding of the molecular and cellular pathogenesis for PD. The gene encoding vacuolar protein sorting protein 35 (VPS35) has been definitively linked to late onset familial PD following the identification of a point mutation (D620N) as the causal agent in a Swiss family. Since its discovery, numerous studies have been undertaken to characterize the role of VPS35 in cellular processes and efforts have been directed toward understanding the perturbations caused by the D620N mutation. In this review, we examine what is currently known about VPS35, which has pleiotropic effects, as well as proposed mechanisms of pathogenesis by the D620N mutation. A brief survey of other VPS35 polymorphisms is also provided. Lastly, model systems that are being utilized for these investigations and possible directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir A Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; Biomolecular Sciences Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Brad E Morrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; Biomolecular Sciences Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
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Gambardella S, Biagioni F, Ferese R, Busceti CL, Frati A, Novelli G, Ruggieri S, Fornai F. Vacuolar Protein Sorting Genes in Parkinson's Disease: A Re-appraisal of Mutations Detection Rate and Neurobiology of Disease. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:532. [PMID: 27932943 PMCID: PMC5121230 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian retromers play a critical role in protein trans-membrane sorting from endosome to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Recently, retromer alterations have been related to the onset of Parkinson's Disease (PD) since the variant p.Asp620Asn in VPS35 (Vacuolar Protein Sorting 35) was identified as a cause of late onset PD. This variant causes a primary defect in endosomal trafficking and retromers formation. Other mutations in VPS genes have been reported in both sporadic and familial PD. These mutations are less defined. Understanding the specific prevalence of all VPS gene mutations is key to understand the relevance of retromers impairment in the onset of PD. A number of PD-related mutations despite affecting different biochemical systems (autophagy, mitophagy, proteasome, endosomes, protein folding), all converge in producing an impairment in cell clearance. This may explain how genetic predispositions to PD may derive from slightly deleterious VPS mutations when combined with environmental agents overwhelming the clearance of the cell. This manuscript reviews genetic data produced in the last 5 years to re-define the actual prevalence of VPS gene mutations in the onset of PD. The prevalence of p.Asp620Asn mutation in VPS35 is 0.286 of familial PD. This increases up to 0.548 when considering mutations affecting all VPS genes. This configures mutations in VPS genes as the second most frequent autosomal dominant PD genotype. This high prevalence, joined with increased awareness of the role played by retromers in the neurobiology of PD, suggests environmentally-induced VPS alterations as crucial in the genesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Novelli
- IRCCS NeuromedPozzilli, Italy; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, School of Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata'Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Fornai
- IRCCS NeuromedPozzilli, Italy; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of PisaPisa, Italy
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Li C, Shah SZA, Zhao D, Yang L. Role of the Retromer Complex in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:42. [PMID: 26973516 PMCID: PMC4772447 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The retromer complex is a protein complex that plays a central role in endosomal trafficking. Retromer dysfunction has been linked to a growing number of neurological disorders. The process of intracellular trafficking and recycling is crucial for maintaining normal intracellular homeostasis, which is partly achieved through the activity of the retromer complex. The retromer complex plays a primary role in sorting endosomal cargo back to the cell surface for reuse, to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), or alternatively to specialized endomembrane compartments, in which the cargo is not subjected to lysosomal-mediated degradation. In most cases, the retromer acts as a core that interacts with associated proteins, including sorting nexin family member 27 (SNX27), members of the vacuolar protein sorting 10 (VPS10) receptor family, the major endosomal actin polymerization-promoting complex known as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and scar homolog (WASH), and other proteins. Some of the molecules carried by the retromer complex are risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases. Defects such as haplo-insufficiency or mutations in one or several units of the retromer complex lead to various pathologies. Here, we summarize the molecular architecture of the retromer complex and the roles of this system in intracellular trafficking related the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosi Li
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
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7
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Gustavsson EK, Guella I, Trinh J, Szu-Tu C, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Steele JC, McKeown M, Jeon BS, Aasly JO, Farrer MJ. Genetic variability of the retromer cargo recognition complex in parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2014; 30:580-4. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emil K. Gustavsson
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Neuroscience; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Neurology; St. Olav's Hospital; Trondheim Norway
| | - Ilaria Guella
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Joanne Trinh
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Chelsea Szu-Tu
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- Division of Neurology; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Ali H. Rajput
- Division of Neurology; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | | | - Martin McKeown
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Center, Department of Medicine (Neurology); University of British Columbia Vancouver; BC Canada
| | - Beom S. Jeon
- Department of Neurology; Clinical Research Institute and Movement Disorder Center, Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jan O. Aasly
- Department of Neuroscience; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Neurology; St. Olav's Hospital; Trondheim Norway
| | - Matthew J. Farrer
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Center, Department of Medicine (Neurology); University of British Columbia Vancouver; BC Canada
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8
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Shannon B, Soto-Ortolaza A, Rayaprolu S, Cannon HD, Labbé C, Benitez BA, Choi J, Lynch T, Boczarska-Jedynak M, Opala G, Krygowska-Wajs A, Barcikowska M, Van Gerpen JA, Uitti RJ, Springer W, Cruchaga C, Wszolek ZK, Ross OA. Genetic variation of the retromer subunits VPS26A/B-VPS29 in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:1958.e1-2. [PMID: 24684791 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We recently showed that mutation of the VPS35 gene can cause late-onset Parkinson's disease. In the present study we sequenced 702 affected subjects from the Mayo Clinic Parkinson's disease patient-control series for the VPS29 and VPS26A/B genes. We identified only 2 rare nonsynonymous variants in the VPS26A p.K93E and VPS29 p.N72H. The results show that mutations in the genes composing the retromer cargo recognition subunit are not a common cause of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Shannon
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Sruti Rayaprolu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Catherine Labbé
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Bruno A Benitez
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jiyoon Choi
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy Lynch
- Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Grzegorz Opala
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Maria Barcikowska
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Ryan J Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Wolfdieter Springer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Neurobiology of Disease Track, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Neurobiology of Disease Track, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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