1
|
Schneider C, Prokopiou PC, Papp KV, Engels‐Domínguez N, Hsieh S, Juneau TA, Schultz AP, Rentz DM, Sperling RA, Johnson KA, Jacobs HIL. Atrophy links lower novelty-related locus coeruleus connectivity to cognitive decline in preclinical AD. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3958-3971. [PMID: 38676563 PMCID: PMC11180940 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Animal research has shown that tau pathology in the locus coeruleus (LC) is associated with reduced norepinephrine signaling, lower projection density to the medial temporal lobe (MTL), atrophy, and cognitive impairment. We investigated the contribution of LC-MTL functional connectivity (FCLC-MTL) on cortical atrophy across Braak stage regions and its impact on cognition. METHODS We analyzed functional magnetic resonance imaging and amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography data from 128 cognitively normal participants, associating novelty-related FCLC-MTL with longitudinal atrophy and cognition with and without Aβ moderation. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, lower FCLC-MTL was associated with atrophy in Braak stage II regions. Longitudinally, atrophy in Braak stage 2 to 4 regions related to lower baseline FCLC-MTL at elevated levels of Aβ, but not to other regions. Atrophy in Braak stage 2 regions mediated the relation between FCLC-MTL and subsequent cognitive decline. DISCUSSION FCLC-MTL is implicated in Aβ-related cortical atrophy, suggesting that LC-MTL connectivity could confer neuroprotective effects in preclinical AD. HIGHLIGHTS Novelty-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) LC-medial temporal lobe (MTL) connectivity links to longitudinal Aβ-dependent atrophy. This relationship extended to higher Braak stage regions with increasing Aβ burden. Longitudinal MTL atrophy mediated the LC-MTL connectivity-cognition relationship. Our findings mirror the animal data on MTL atrophy following NE signal dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schneider
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Prokopis C. Prokopiou
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kathryn V. Papp
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and TreatmentDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nina Engels‐Domínguez
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Faculty of HealthMedicine and Life SciencesSchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceAlzheimer Centre LimburgMaastricht University, MDMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Hsieh
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Truley A. Juneau
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Aaron P. Schultz
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Dorene M. Rentz
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and TreatmentDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Reisa A. Sperling
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and TreatmentDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Keith A. Johnson
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Heidi I. L. Jacobs
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Faculty of HealthMedicine and Life SciencesSchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceAlzheimer Centre LimburgMaastricht University, MDMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Minné D, Marnewick JL, Engel-Hills P. Early Chronic Stress Induced Changes within the Locus Coeruleus in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:301-317. [PMID: 37872793 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230811092956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to stress throughout the lifespan has been the focus of many studies on Alzheimer's disease (AD) because of the similarities between the biological mechanisms involved in chronic stress and the pathophysiology of AD. In fact, the earliest abnormality associated with the disease is the presence of phosphorylated tau protein in locus coeruleus neurons, a brain structure highly responsive to stress and perceived threat. Here, we introduce allostatic load as a useful concept for understanding many of the complex, interacting neuropathological changes involved in the AD degenerative process. In response to chronic stress, aberrant tau proteins that begin to accumulate within the locus coeruleus decades prior to symptom onset appear to represent a primary pathological event in the AD cascade, triggering a wide range of interacting brain changes involving neuronal excitotoxicity, endocrine alterations, inflammation, oxidative stress, and amyloid plaque exacerbation. While it is acknowledged that stress will not necessarily be the major precipitating factor in all cases, early tau-induced changes within the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine pathway suggests that a therapeutic window might exist for preventative measures aimed at managing stress and restoring balance within the HPA axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donné Minné
- Applied Microbial & Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
- Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Jeanine L Marnewick
- Applied Microbial & Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Penelope Engel-Hills
- Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tucci P, Bove M, Sikora V, Dimonte S, Morgese MG, Schiavone S, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Trabace L. Glucoraphanin Triggers Rapid Antidepressant Responses in a Rat Model of Beta Amyloid-Induced Depressive-like Behaviour. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091054. [PMID: 36145275 PMCID: PMC9500808 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucoraphanin (GRA) is a natural compound that has shown beneficial effects in chronic diseases and in central nervous system disorders. Moreover, GRA displayed antidepressant activity in preclinical models. We have previously demonstrated that a single intracerebroventricular administration of soluble amyloid-beta 1-42 (sAβ 1-42) in rat evokes a depressive-like phenotype by increasing immobility frequency in the forced swimming test (FST). The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of GRA in naïve and in sAβ-1-42-treated rats by using the FST. Behavioural analyses were accompanied by neurochemical and biochemical measurements in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), such as serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA), kynurenine (KYN), tryptophan (TRP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) levels. We reported that GRA administration in naïve rats at the dose of 50 mg/kg reduced the immobility frequency in the FST and increased 5-HT and NA levels in the PFC compared to controls. At the same dose, GRA reverted depressive-like effects of sAβ 1-42 administration, restored the 5-HT levels and reduced NF-kB, KYN and ROS levels in PFC. In conclusion, GRA rapidly reverting depressive-like behaviour, together with biochemical and neurochemical alterations, might represent a safe and natural candidate for the treatment of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Bove
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vladyslav Sikora
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Stefania Dimonte
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu L, Liu J, Huang W, Wang Y, Chen Q, Lu B. Exploration of Osmanthus fragrans Lour.'s composition, nutraceutical functions and applications. Food Chem 2022; 377:131853. [PMID: 34990948 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. has been cultivated in China for over 2500 years. Due to the unique and strong fragrance, O. fragrans flowers have long been added into food, tea, and beverages. Not only the O. fragrans flowers, but also leaves, barks, roots, and fruits possess some beneficial effects such as relieving pain and alleviating cough in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Modern pharmacological researches demonstrated that O. fragrans possesses a broad spectrum of biological activities including antioxidant, neuroprotective, antidiabetic and anticancer activities etc. A large number of phytochemicals identified in O. fragrans are responsible for its health promoting and disease preventing effects. The components of volatile compounds in O. fragrans are complex but the content is less abundant. The present review mainly focuses on the bioactive ingredients identified from O. fragrans, the therapeutic effects of O. fragrans and its applications in food, cosmetics and medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- Xianning Academy of Forestry Sciences, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Weisu Huang
- Zhejiang Institute of Economics and Trade, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zong B, Yu F, Zhang X, Zhao W, Sun P, Li S, Li L. Understanding How Physical Exercise Improves Alzheimer’s Disease: Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Systems. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:869507. [PMID: 35663578 PMCID: PMC9158463 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.869507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the accumulation of proteinaceous aggregates and neurofibrillary lesions composed of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau, respectively. It has long been known that dysregulation of cholinergic and monoaminergic (i.e., dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and noradrenergic) systems is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Abnormalities in neuronal activity, neurotransmitter signaling input, and receptor function exaggerate Aβ deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Maintenance of normal neurotransmission is essential to halt AD progression. Most neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter-related drugs modulate the pathology of AD and improve cognitive function through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Exercise therapies provide an important alternative or adjunctive intervention for AD. Cumulative evidence indicates that exercise can prevent multiple pathological features found in AD and improve cognitive function through delaying the degeneration of cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons; increasing levels of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine; and modulating the activity of certain neurotransmitter-related GPCRs. Emerging insights into the mechanistic links among exercise, the neurotransmitter system, and AD highlight the potential of this intervention as a therapeutic approach for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengzhi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichang Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Li,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Louçano M, Oliveira J, Martins I, Vaz R, Tavares I. Pain Modulation from the Locus Coeruleus in a Model of Hydrocephalus: Searching for Oxidative Stress-Induced Noradrenergic Neuroprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073970. [PMID: 35409327 PMCID: PMC8999514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain transmission at the spinal cord is modulated by noradrenaline (NA)-mediated actions that arise from supraspinal areas. We studied the locus coeruleus (LC) to evaluate the expression of the cathecolamine-synthetizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and search for local oxidative stress and possible consequences in descending pain modulation in a model of hydrocephalus, a disease characterized by enlargement of the cerebral ventricular system usually due to the obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid flow. Four weeks after kaolin injection into the cisterna magna, immunodetection of the catecholamine-synthetizing enzymes TH and dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) was performed in the LC and spinal cord. Colocalization of the oxidative stress marker 8-OHdG (8-hydroxyguanosine; 8-OHdG), with TH in the LC was performed. Formalin was injected in the hindpaw both for behavioral nociceptive evaluation and the immunodetection of Fos expression in the spinal cord. Hydrocephalic rats presented with a higher expression of TH at the LC, of TH and DBH at the spinal dorsal horn along with decreased nociceptive behavioral responses in the second (inflammatory) phase of the formalin test, and formalin-evoked Fos expression at the spinal dorsal horn. The expression of 8-OHdG was increased in the LC neurons, with higher co-localization in TH-immunoreactive neurons. Collectively, the results indicate increased noradrenergic expression at the LC during hydrocephalus. The strong oxidative stress damage at the LC neurons may lead to local neuroprotective-mediated increases in NA levels. The increased expression of catecholamine-synthetizing enzymes along with the decreased nociception-induced neuronal activation of dorsal horn neurons and behavioral pain signs may indicate that hydrocephalus is associated with alterations in descending pain modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Louçano
- Unit of Experimental Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.L.); (I.M.)
- IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- I3S-Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Chemical and Biomolecule Sciences, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal;
- International Doctoral School, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Joana Oliveira
- Neurosurgery Service of Centro Hospital São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Martins
- Unit of Experimental Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.L.); (I.M.)
- IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- I3S-Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vaz
- Chemical and Biomolecule Sciences, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isaura Tavares
- Unit of Experimental Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.L.); (I.M.)
- IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- I3S-Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-12-2551-3654
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abdelfattah EA, Renault D. Effect of different doses of the catecholamine epinephrine on antioxidant responses of larvae of the flesh fly Sarcophaga dux. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:10408-10415. [PMID: 34523094 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The production and use of pharmaceutical products have increased over the past decades, and several are considered potential or proved hazardous wastes. When contaminating the environment, they can severely impact biodiversity. The catecholamine epinephrine (adrenaline) is no exception. Epinephrine can be administered as growth promoter in cattle, and is used for anaphylaxis treatment in human. While a range of studies has examined the effects of this catecholamine on vertebrate tissues, and evidenced that it can disrupt the oxidative stress status, the effects epinephrine could have on insects have remained poorly considered. Here, we examined the physiological effects of different concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) of epinephrine on larvae of the flesh fly Sarcophaga dux. Following experimental treatments, levels of H2O2, GSH, CAT, GPx, and CEH were measured from the fat body, cuticle, gut, and hemolymph of 3rd instars. Significant differences are reported for these physiological endpoints among the considered body compartments, and epinephrine concentrations. Epinephrine treatments did not increase reactive oxygen species production (H2O2 amounts), except for gut tissues. Increased levels of GSH suggest that epinephrine may have enhanced glucose metabolism and flux towards the pentose phosphate pathway, while reducing glutamine oxidation. CAT activity was slightly increased when the concentration of epinephrine was higher. The decreased GPx activity in the fat body was consistent with GSH variations. In sum, the injection of epinephrine seemed to elicit the antioxidant response in S. dux larvae, in turn attenuating ROS production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Abdelfattah
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 11221 Al Orman, Giza, Egypt.
| | - David Renault
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, 74205, F 35000, 35042, Rennes, CS, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Behavioral and neurochemical interactions of the tricyclic antidepressant drug desipramine with L-DOPA in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Implications for motor and psychiatric functions in Parkinson's disease. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3633-3656. [PMID: 36178508 PMCID: PMC9584871 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The pharmacological effects of antidepressants in modulating noradrenergic transmission as compared to serotonergic transmission in a rat model of Parkinson's disease under chronic L-DOPA therapy are insufficiently explored. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine administered chronically alone or jointly with L-DOPA, on motor behavior and monoamine metabolism in selected brain structures of rats with the unilateral 6-OHDA lesion. METHODS The antiparkinsonian activities of L-DOPA and desipramine were assessed behaviorally using a rotation test and biochemically based on changes in the tissue concentrations of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin and their metabolites, evaluated separately for the ipsi- and contralateral motor (striatum, substantia nigra) and limbic (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus) structures of rat brain by HPLC method. RESULTS Desipramine administered alone did not induce rotational behavior, but in combination with L-DOPA, it increased the number of contralateral rotations more strongly than L-DOPA alone. Both L-DOPA and desipramine + L-DOPA significantly increased DA levels in the ipsilateral striatum, substantia nigra, prefrontal cortex and the ipsi- and contralateral hippocampus. The combined treatment also significantly increased noradrenaline content in the ipsi- and contralateral striatum, while L-DOPA alone decreased serotonin level on both sides of the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The performed analysis of the level of monoamines and their metabolites in the selected brain structures suggests that co-modulation of noradrenergic and dopaminergic transmission in Parkinson's disease by the combined therapy with desipramine + L-DOPA may have some positive implications for motor and psychiatric functions but further research is needed to exclude potential negative effects.
Collapse
|
9
|
Cui G, Qing Y, Li M, Sun L, Zhang J, Feng L, Li J, Chen T, Wang J, Wan C. Salivary Metabolomics Reveals that Metabolic Alterations Precede the Onset of Schizophrenia. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:5010-5023. [PMID: 34618462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex and highly heterogeneous mental illness with a prodromal period called clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis before onset. Metabolomics is greatly promising in analyzing the pathology of complex diseases and exploring diagnostic biomarkers. Therefore, we conducted salivary metabolomics analysis in 83 first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients, 42 CHR individuals, and 78 healthy controls with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The mass spectrometry raw data have been deposited on the MetaboLights (ID: MTBLS3463). We found downregulated aromatic amino acid metabolism, disturbed glutamine and nucleotide metabolism, and upregulated tricarboxylic acid cycle in FES patients, which existed even in the CHR stage and became more intense with the onset of the schizophrenia. Moreover, differential metabolites can be considered as potential diagnostic biomarkers and indicate the severity of the different clinical stages of disease. Furthermore, three disordered pathways were closely related to peripheral indicators of inflammatory response, oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier damage, and salivary microbiota. These results indicate that the disorder of oral metabolism occurs earlier than the onset of schizophrenia and is concentrated and intensified with the onset of disease, which may originate from the dysbiotic salivary microbiota and cause the onset of schizophrenia through the peripheral inflammatory response and redox system, suggesting the importance of oral-brain connection in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoping Cui
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ying Qing
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Liya Sun
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tianlu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chunling Wan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qu Y, Wang W, Chen T, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wang D. The neuroprotection of deproteinized calf blood extractives injection against Alzheimer's disease via regulation of Nrf-2 signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:11150-11169. [PMID: 33819182 PMCID: PMC8109110 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive decline due to the accumulation of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, which impair glutamate (Glu) metabolism. Deproteinized Calf Blood Extractive Injection (DCBEI) is a biopharmaceutical that contains 17 types of amino acids and 5 types of nucleotides. In this study, we found that DCBEI pretreatment reduced L-Glu-dependent neuroexcitation toxicity by maintaining normal mitochondrial function in HT22 cells. DCBEI treatment also reduced the expression of pro-apoptosis proteins and increased the expression of anti-apoptosis proteins. Furthermore, DCBEI attenuated AD-like behaviors (detected via the Morris water maze test) in B6C3-Tg (APPswePSEN1dE9)/Nju double transgenic (APP/PS1) mice; this effect was associated with a reduction in the amount of Aβ and neurofibrillary tangle deposition and the concomitant reduction of phospho-Tau in the hippocampus. Metabonomic profiling revealed that DCBEI regulated the level of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Label-free proteomics revealed that DCBEI regulated the expression of Nrf-2 and its downstream targets, as well as the levels of phospho-protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Together, these data show that DCBEI can ameliorate AD symptoms by upregulating Nrf2-mediated antioxidative pathways and thus preventing mitochondrial apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tianrui Chen
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yumin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wong KY, Roy J, Fung ML, Heng BC, Zhang C, Lim LW. Relationships between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurotransmission Failure in Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1291-1316. [PMID: 33014538 PMCID: PMC7505271 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides extracellular deposition of amyloid beta and formation of phosphorylated tau in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the pathogenesis of AD is also thought to involve mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered neurotransmission systems. However, none of these components can describe the diverse cognitive, behavioural, and psychiatric symptoms of AD without the pathologies interacting with one another. The purpose of this review is to understand the relationships between mitochondrial and neurotransmission dysfunctions in terms of (1) how mitochondrial alterations affect cholinergic and monoaminergic systems via disruption of energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis; and (2) how different neurotransmission systems drive mitochondrial dysfunction via increasing amyloid beta internalisation, oxidative stress, disruption of mitochondrial permeabilisation, and mitochondrial trafficking. All these interactions are separately discussed in terms of neurotransmission systems. The association of mitochondrial dysfunctions with alterations in dopamine, norepinephrine, and histamine is the prospective goal in this research field. By unfolding the complex interactions surrounding mitochondrial dysfunction in AD, we can better develop potential treatments to delay, prevent, or cure this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Yin Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jaydeep Roy
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Man Lung Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dong Y, Stewart T, Bai L, Li X, Xu T, Iliff J, Shi M, Zheng D, Yuan L, Wei T, Yang X, Zhang J. Coniferaldehyde attenuates Alzheimer's pathology via activation of Nrf2 and its targets. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:179-200. [PMID: 31903114 PMCID: PMC6929631 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) currently lacks a cure. Because substantial neuronal damage usually occurs before AD is advanced enough for diagnosis, the best hope for disease-modifying AD therapies likely relies on early intervention or even prevention, and targeting multiple pathways implicated in early AD pathogenesis rather than focusing exclusively on excessive production of β-amyloid (Aβ) species. Methods: Coniferaldehyde (CFA), a food flavoring and agonist of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), was selected by multimodal in vitro screening, followed by investigation of several downstream effects potentially involved. Furthermore, in the APP/PS1 AD mouse model, the therapeutic effects of CFA (0.2 mmol kg-1d-1) were tested beginning at 3 months of age. Behavioral phenotypes related to learning and memory capacity, brain pathology and biochemistry, including Aβ transport, were assessed at different time intervals. Results: CFA promoted neuron viability and showed potent neuroprotective effects, especially on mitochondrial structure and functions. In addition, CFA greatly enhanced the brain clearance of Aβ in both free and extracellular vesicle (EV)-contained Aβ forms. In the APP/PS1 mouse model, CFA effectively abolished brain Aβ deposits and reduced the level of toxic soluble Aβ peptides, thus eliminating AD-like pathological changes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex and preserving learning and memory capacity of the mice. Conclusion: The experimental evidence overall indicated that Nrf2 activation may contribute to the potent anti-AD effects of CFA. With an excellent safety profile, further clinical investigation of coniferaldehyde might bring hope for AD prevention/therapy.
Collapse
|
13
|
Vagus nerve stimulation as a promising adjunctive treatment for ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
14
|
Cao S, Fisher DW, Yu T, Dong H. The link between chronic pain and Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:204. [PMID: 31694670 PMCID: PMC6836339 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain often occurs in the elderly, particularly in the patients with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although studies indicate that chronic pain correlates with cognitive decline, it is unclear whether chronic pain accelerates AD pathogenesis. In this review, we provide evidence that supports a link between chronic pain and AD and discuss potential mechanisms underlying this connection based on currently available literature from human and animal studies. Specifically, we describe two intertwined processes, locus coeruleus noradrenergic system dysfunction and neuroinflammation resulting from microglial pro-inflammatory activation in brain areas mediating the affective component of pain and cognition that have been found to influence both chronic pain and AD. These represent a pathological overlap that likely leads chronic pain to accelerate AD pathogenesis. Further, we discuss potential therapeutic interventions targeting noradrenergic dysfunction and microglial activation that may improve patient outcomes for those with chronic pain and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Cao
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Street, Zunyi, 56300, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Key Lab of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Street, Zunyi, 56300, Guizhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Daniel W Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Tain Yu
- Guizhou Key Lab of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Street, Zunyi, 56300, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongxin Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhu MY, Raza MU, Zhan Y, Fan Y. Norepinephrine upregulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and protects dopaminegic neurons against 6-hydrodopamine toxicity. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104549. [PMID: 31539561 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
As a classic neurotransmitter in the brain, norepinephrine (NE) also is an important modulator to other neuronal systems. Using primary cultures from rat ventral mesencephalon (VM) and dopaminergic cell line MN9D, the present study examined the neuroprotective effects of NE and its effects on the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The results showed that NE protected both VM cultures and MN9D cells against 6-hydroxydopamine-caused apoptosis, with possible involvement of adrenal receptors. In addition, treatment with NE upregulated TH protein levels in dose- and time-dependent manner. Further experiments to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying this NE-induced upregulation of TH demonstrated a marked increase in protein levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 (pERK1/2) in VM cultures treated with NE. In MN9D cells, a significantly increase of TH and pERK1/2 protein levels were observed after their transfection with BDNF cDNA or exposure to BDNF peptides. Treatment of VM cultures with K252a, an antagonist of the tropomyosin-related kinase B, blocked the upregulatory effects of NE on TH, BDNF and pERK1/2. Administration of MEK1 & MEK2 inhibitors also reversed NE-induced upregulation of TH and pERK1/2. Moreover, ChIP assay showed that treatment with NE or BDNF increased H4 acetylation in the TH promoter. These results suggest that the neuroprotection and modulation of NE on dopaminergic neurons are mediated via BDNF and MAPK/ERK pathways, as well as through epigenetic histone modification, which may have implications for the improvement of therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
| | - Muhammad U Raza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Yanqiang Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Remin Hospital of the Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, Nantong University College of Medicine, Nantong, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ligustrazin increases lung cell autophagy and ameliorates paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR and hedgehog signalling via increasing miR-193a expression. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:35. [PMID: 30744607 PMCID: PMC6371511 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-0799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels largely determine pulmonary fibrosis. Antioxidants have been found to ameliorate lung fibrosis after long-term paraquat (PQ) exposure. The effects of antioxidants, however, on the signalling pathways involved in PQ-induced lung fibrosis have not yet been investigated sufficiently. Here, we examined the impacts of ligustrazin on lung fibrosis, in particular ROS-related autophagy and pro-fibrotic signalling pathways, using a murine model of PQ-induced lung fibrosis. Methods We explored the effects of microRNA-193 (miR-193a) on Hedgehog (Hh) and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling and oxidative stress in lung tissues. Levels of miR-193a, protein kinase B (Akt), phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K), ceclin1, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), sonic hedgehog (SHH), myosin-like Bcl2 interacting protein (LC3), smoothened (Smo), and glioma-associated oncogene-1 (Gli-1) mRNAs were determined with quantitative real-time PCR. Protein levels of PI3K, p-mTOR, p-Akt, SHH, beclin1, gGli-1, LC3, smo, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), mothers against DPP homologue-2 (Smad2), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), collagen I, collagen III, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and p-Smad2 were detected by western blotting. In addition, α-SMA, malondialdehyde, ROS, superoxide dismutase (SOD), oxidised and reduced glutathione, hydroxyproline, and overall collagen levels were identified in lung tissues using immunohistochemistry. Results Long-term PQ exposure blocked miR-193a expression, reduced PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling, increased oxidative stress, inhibited autophagy, increased Hh signalling, and facilitated the formation of pulmonary fibrosis. Ligustrazin blocked PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Hh signalling as well as reduced oxidative stress via increasing miR-193a expression and autophagy, all of which reduced pulmonary fibrosis. These effects of ligustrazin were accompanied by reduced TGF-β1, CTGF, and Collagen I and III expression. Conclusions Ligustrazin blocked PQ-induced PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Hh signalling by increasing miR-193a expression, thereby attenuating PQ-induced lung fibrosis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang M, Liu Y, Liu M, Liu B, Li N, Dong X, Hong Z, Chai Y. UHPLC-QTOF/MS-based metabolomics investigation for the protective mechanism of Danshen in Alzheimer's disease cell model induced by Aβ 1-42. Metabolomics 2019; 15:13. [PMID: 30830431 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with neither definitive pathogenesis nor effective therapy so far. Danshen, the dried root and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, is used extensively in Alzheimer's disease treatment to ameliorate the symptoms, but the underlying mechanism remains to be clarified. OBJECTIVES To investigate potential biomarkers for AD and elucidate the protective mechanism of Danshen on AD cell model. METHODS An ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS)-based approach combined with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) has been developed to discriminate the metabolic modifications between human brain microvascular endothelial cell (hBMEC) and AD cell model induced by amyloid-β protein (Aβ1-42). To further elucidate the pathophysiology of AD, related metabolic pathways have been studied. RESULTS Thirty-three distinct potential biomarkers were screened out and considered as potential biomarkers corresponding to AD, which were mostly improved and partially restored back to normalcy in Danshen pre-protection group. It was found that AD was closely related to disturbed arginine and proline metabolism, glutathione metabolism, alanine aspartate and glutamate metabolism, histidine metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, phenylalanine tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, citrate cycle and glycerophospholipid metabolism, and the protective mechanism of Danshen in AD cell model may be related to partially regulating the perturbed pathways. CONCLUSIONS These outcomes provide valuable evidences for therapeutic mechanism investigation of Danshen in AD treatment, and such an approach could be transferred to unravel the mechanism of other traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Biying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhanying Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yifeng Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Integrated Proteomics and Lipidomics Investigation of the Mechanism Underlying the Neuroprotective Effect of N-benzylhexadecanamide. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112929. [PMID: 30424008 PMCID: PMC6278518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macamides are very important secondary metabolites produced by Lepidium meyenii Walp, which possess multiple bioactivities, especially in the neuronal system. In a previous study, we observed that macamides exhibited excellent effects in the recovery of injured nerves after 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced dopaminergic neuronal damage in zebrafish. However, the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. In the present study, we observed that N-benzylhexadecanamide (XA), which is a typical constituent of macamides, improved the survival rate of neurons in vitro. We determined the concentration of neurotransmitters in MN9D cells and used it in conjunction with an integrated proteomics and lipidomics approach to investigate the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of XA in an MPP+-induced neurodegeneration cell model using QqQ MS, Q-TOF MS, and Orbitrap MS. The statistical analysis of the results led to the identification of differentially-expressed biomarkers, including 11 proteins and 22 lipids, which may be responsible for the neuron-related activities of XA. All these potential biomarkers were closely related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, and their levels approached those in the normal group after treatment with XA. Furthermore, seven lipids, including five phosphatidylcholines, one lysophosphatidylcholine, and one phosphatidylethanolamine, were verified by a relative quantitative approach. Moreover, four proteins (Scarb2, Csnk2a2, Vti1b, and Bnip2) were validated by ELISA. The neurotransmitters taurine and norepinephrine, and the cholinergic constituents, correlated closely with the neuroprotective effects of XA. Finally, the protein–lipid interaction network was analyzed. Based on our results, the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism and mitochondrial function were determined to be the main mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect of XA. The present study should help us to better understand the multiple effects of macamides and their use in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sharma M, Flood PM. β-arrestin2 regulates the anti-inflammatory effects of Salmeterol in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 325:10-19. [PMID: 30352316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microglial activation contributes to chronic inflammation and neuronal loss in progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, treatments suppressing microglial activation may have therapeutic benefits to prevent neuronal loss in neurodegenerative diseases. Our previous findings show that Salmeterol, a long-acting β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist, is neuroprotective in two distinct animal models of PD, including where lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli was used to initiate chronic neurodegeneration. Salmeterol was found to be a potent inhibitor of dopaminergic neurodegeneration by regulating the production of pro-inflammatory mediators from activated microglial cells. In the present study, we investigated the molecular basis of the anti-inflammatory effects of Salmeterol on LPS-activated murine microglial BV2 cells. BV2 cells were pretreated with Salmeterol and followed by stimulation with LPS. Salmeterol inhibited LPS-induced release of the pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nitric oxide from BV2 cells. Additionally, Salmeterol suppressed nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 by inhibiting the IκB-α degradation and TAK1 (transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase1) phosphorylation. We have also found that Salmeterol increases the expression of β-arrestin2 and enhances the interaction between β-arrestin2 and TAB1 (TAK1-binding protein), reduced TAK1/TAB1 mediated activation of NFκB and expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Furthermore, silencing of β-arrestin2 abrogates the anti-inflammatory effects of Salmeterol in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Our findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of Salmeterol is β-arrestin2 dependent and also offers novel therapeutics targeting inflammatory pathways to prevent microglial cell activation and neuronal loss in neuroinflammatory diseases like PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sharma
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Patrick M Flood
- Departments of Dentistry and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhu MY. Noradrenergic Modulation on Dopaminergic Neurons. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:848-859. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
21
|
Jhang KA, Park JS, Kim HS, Chong YH. Sulforaphane rescues amyloid-β peptide-mediated decrease in MerTK expression through its anti-inflammatory effect in human THP-1 macrophages. J Neuroinflammation 2018. [PMID: 29530050 PMCID: PMC5848511 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) activity necessary for amyloid-stimulated phagocytosis strongly implicates that MerTK dysregulation might contribute to chronic inflammation implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. However, the precise mechanism involved in the regulation of MerTK expression by amyloid-β (Aβ) in proinflammatory environment has not yet been ascertained. Methods The objective of this study was to determine the underlying mechanism involved in Aβ-mediated decrease in MerTK expression through Aβ-mediated regulation of MerTK expression and its modulation by sulforaphane in human THP-1 macrophages challenged with Aβ1-42. We used protein preparation, Ca2+ influx fluorescence imaging, nuclear fractionation, Western blotting techniques, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown to perform our study. Results Aβ1-42 elicited a marked decrease in MerTK expression along with increased intracellular Ca2+ level and induction of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α. Ionomycin A and thapsigargin also increased intracellular Ca2+ levels and production of IL-1β and TNF-α, mimicking the effect of Aβ1-42. In contrast, the Aβ1-42-evoked responses were attenuated by depletion of Ca2+ with ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid. Furthermore, recombinant IL-1β or TNF-α elicited a decrease in MerTK expression. However, immunodepletion of IL-1β or TNF-α with neutralizing antibodies significantly inhibited Aβ1-42-mediated downregulation of MerTK expression. Notably, sulforaphane treatment potently inhibited Aβ1-42-induced intracellular Ca2+ level and rescued the decrease in MerTK expression by blocking nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nuclear translocation, thereby decreasing IL-1β and TNF-α production upon Aβ1-42 stimulation. Such adverse effects of sulforaphane were replicated by BAY 11-7082, a NF-κB inhibitor. Moreover, sulforaphane’s anti-inflammatory effects on Aβ1-42-induced production of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly diminished by siRNA-mediated knockdown of MerTK, confirming a critical role of MerTK in suppressing Aβ1-42-induced innate immune response. Conclusion These findings implicate that targeting of MerTK with phytochemical sulforaphane as a mechanism for preventing Aβ1-42-induced neuroinflammation has potential to be applied in AD therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung A Jhang
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 158-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 158-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 158-710, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Hae Chong
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 158-710, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang Q, Li Z, Wu S, Li X, Sang Y, Li J, Niu Y, Ding H. Myricetin alleviates cuprizone-induced behavioral dysfunction and demyelination in mice by Nrf2 pathway. Food Funct 2018; 7:4332-4342. [PMID: 27713953 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00825a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease occurring in the central nervous system. In the present study, we evaluated the function of myricetin on the alleviation of behavioral dysfunction and myelin protection in the cuprizone-induced demyelination model. Mice were daily fed with fodder including 0.2% cuprizone and were administrated myricetin (100 mg kg-1) by gavage administration for 5 weeks. The treatment of myricetin ameliorated hyper-locomotion and behavior impairment induced by cuprizone toxicity. With the administration of myricetin, the demyelinating lesion was lessened via increasing the LFB staining area and myelin phosphatide protein (MBP) expression. In addition, myricetin evidently promoted Nrf2 translocation in the nuclear fraction and enhanced the HO-1 and NQO1 expression levels. Our data revealed that myricetin may be a potential candidate for mitigating motor defects and demyelination in a cuprizone-induced mouse model via activating the Nrf2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.
| | - Zhike Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.
| | - Shuangchan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Sang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.
| | - Yunhui Niu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Noradrenergic Modulation of Cognition in Health and Disease. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:6031478. [PMID: 28596922 PMCID: PMC5450174 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6031478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine released by the locus coeruleus modulates cellular processes and synaptic transmission in the central nervous system through its actions at a number of pre- and postsynaptic receptors. This transmitter system facilitates sensory signal detection and promotes waking and arousal, processes which are necessary for navigating a complex and dynamic sensory environment. In addition to its effects on sensory processing and waking behavior, norepinephrine is now recognized as a contributor to various aspects of cognition, including attention, behavioral flexibility, working memory, and long-term mnemonic processes. Two areas of dense noradrenergic innervation, the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, are particularly important with regard to these functions. Due to its role in mediating normal cognitive function, it is reasonable to expect that noradrenergic transmission becomes dysfunctional in a number of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases characterized by cognitive deficits. In this review, we summarize the unique role that norepinephrine plays in prefrontal cortical and hippocampal function and how its interaction with its various receptors contribute to cognitive behaviors. We further assess the changes that occur in the noradrenergic system in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia and how these changes contribute to cognitive decline in these pathologies.
Collapse
|
25
|
Direct Keap1-Nrf2 disruption as a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006593. [PMID: 28253260 PMCID: PMC5333801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2, a transcriptional activator of cell protection genes, is an attractive therapeutic target for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Current Nrf2 activators, however, may exert toxicity and pathway over-activation can induce detrimental effects. An understanding of the mechanisms mediating Nrf2 inhibition in neurodegenerative conditions may therefore direct the design of drugs targeted for the prevention of these diseases with minimal side-effects. Our study provides the first in vivo evidence that specific inhibition of Keap1, a negative regulator of Nrf2, can prevent neuronal toxicity in response to the AD-initiating Aβ42 peptide, in correlation with Nrf2 activation. Comparatively, lithium, an inhibitor of the Nrf2 suppressor GSK-3, prevented Aβ42 toxicity by mechanisms independent of Nrf2. A new direct inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 binding domain also prevented synaptotoxicity mediated by naturally-derived Aβ oligomers in mouse cortical neurons. Overall, our findings highlight Keap1 specifically as an efficient target for the re-activation of Nrf2 in AD, and support the further investigation of direct Keap1 inhibitors for the prevention of neurodegeneration in vivo. As our population ages the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is predicted to increase dramatically. Despite providing important symptomatic relief, existing treatments for such conditions do not slow-down disease progression, and this will cause an overwhelming future burden on our healthcare system and immense suffering for many more patients and their families. Nrf2 is a gene that normally protects cells from stressful conditions. Although we don’t know why, Nrf2 is reduced in the brains of AD patients and this may explain the increased susceptibility of neurons to damage in neurodegenerative diseases. Our research, using a fruit fly model, identifies Keap1, a negative regulator of Nrf2, as a valid target for the rescue of AD-related Nrf2 defects and the subsequent prevention of neuronal degeneration. Moreover, we show that a new compound, which directly blocks the binding between Nrf2 and Keap1, can prevent toxicity of the AD-initiating Aβ peptide in mouse neurons. Hence, our study provides strong evidence that direct Keap1-Nrf2 disruptors can specifically target the defects in Nrf2 activity observed in neurodegenerative diseases, and supports the further development of such compounds as potential new drugs to prevent neuronal decline AD and other neurodegenerative conditions.
Collapse
|
26
|
Feinstein DL, Kalinin S, Braun D. Causes, consequences, and cures for neuroinflammation mediated via the locus coeruleus: noradrenergic signaling system. J Neurochem 2016; 139 Suppl 2:154-178. [PMID: 26968403 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aside from its roles in as a classical neurotransmitter involved in regulation of behavior, noradrenaline (NA) has other functions in the CNS. This includes restricting the development of neuroinflammatory activation, providing neurotrophic support to neurons, and providing neuroprotection against oxidative stress. In recent years, it has become evident that disruption of physiological NA levels or signaling is a contributing factor to a variety of neurological diseases and conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Multiple Sclerosis. The basis for dysregulation in these diseases is, in many cases, due to damage occurring to noradrenergic neurons present in the locus coeruleus (LC), the major source of NA in the CNS. LC damage is present in AD, multiple sclerosis, and a large number of other diseases and conditions. Studies using animal models have shown that experimentally induced lesion of LC neurons exacerbates neuropathology while treatments to compensate for NA depletion, or to reduce LC neuronal damage, provide benefit. In this review, we will summarize the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of NA, summarize examples of how LC damage worsens disease, and discuss several approaches taken to treat or prevent reductions in NA levels and LC neuronal damage. Further understanding of these events will be of value for the development of treatments for AD, multiple sclerosis, and other diseases and conditions having a neuroinflammatory component. The classical neurotransmitter noradrenaline (NA) has critical roles in modulating behaviors including those involved in sleep, anxiety, and depression. However, NA can also elicit anti-inflammatory responses in glial cells, can increase neuronal viability by inducing neurotrophic factor expression, and can reduce neuronal damage due to oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals. NA is primarily produced by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expressing neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC), a relatively small brainstem nucleus near the IVth ventricle which sends projections throughout the brain and spinal cord. It has been known for close to 50 years that LC neurons are lost during normal aging, and that loss is exacerbated in neurological diseases including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. LC neuronal damage and glial activation has now been documented in a variety of other neurological conditions and diseases, however, the causes of LC damage and cell loss remain largely unknown. A number of approaches have been developed to address the loss of NA and increased inflammation associated with LC damage, and several methods are being explored to directly minimize the extent of LC neuronal cell loss or function. In this review, we will summarize some of the consequences of LC loss, consider several factors that likely contribute to that loss, and discuss various ways that have been used to increase NA or to reduce LC damage. This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L Feinstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sergey Kalinin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Braun
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Radix puerariae extracts ameliorate paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis by attenuating follistatin-like 1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor-2 signalling pathways through downregulation of miRNA-21 expression. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:11. [PMID: 26758514 PMCID: PMC4711072 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-0991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puerarin, extracted from Radix puerariae, was reported to ameliorate airway inflammation, lung injury and lung fibrosis induced by paraquat (PQ) in mice. However, effects of Radix puerariae extracts (RPEs) on lung fibrosis or signalling pathways in PQ-induced lung injury have not been well studied. Therefore, the goals of our study were to investigate whether Radix puerariae extracts are antifibrotic in a paraquat (PQ) induced lung fibrosis model in mice and to propose possible mechanisms of action of the RPE effects. METHODS We used a long-term exposure model of PQ-induced lung fibrosis in mice to evaluate effects of antioxidant-containing RPE. We examined effects of miR-21 on follistatin-like 1 (Fstl 1) pathways and oxidative stress in the lung. Gene expression levels of miR-21, Fstl 1, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), collagen-1 and collagen III were measured by real-time PCR. Protein expression levels of Fstl 1(FSTL1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor-2 (Nrf2), Smad2/3, p38MAPK, nuclear factor-κB 65 (NF-κB65), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were detected by western blotting. FSTL1 andalpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSH) glutathione and reactive oxygen species levels, hydroxyproline and total lung collagen were also determined. RESULTS Long-term challenge with PQ enhanced miRNA-21 (miR-21), Fstl 1 pathways, oxidative stress and development of fibrotic features in the lungs. RPE reduced features of lung fibrosis by blocking Fstl 1 pathways and oxidative stress through decreased miR-21 expression. This was accompanied by suppression of CTGF, TGF-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor, collagen I, and collagen III. In addition, PQ-induced activation of NF-κB, Nrf2 and α-SMA were enhanced by puerarin. We also found that puerarin increased HO-1, SOD and GSH levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that RPEs blocked PQ-induced Fstl 1 pathways and oxidative stress by inhibiting miR-21 expression, leading to attenuation of PQ-induced lung fibrosis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Yoshioka Y, Kadoi H, Yamamuro A, Ishimaru Y, Maeda S. Noradrenaline increases intracellular glutathione in human astrocytoma U-251 MG cells by inducing glutamate-cysteine ligase protein via β3-adrenoceptor stimulation. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 772:51-61. [PMID: 26724392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) plays a critical role in protecting cells from oxidative damage. Since neurons rely on the supply of GSH from astrocytes to maintain optimal intracellular GSH concentrations, the GSH concentration of astrocytes is important for the survival of neighboring neurons against oxidative stress. The neurotransmitter noradrenaline is known to modulate the functions of astrocytes and has been suggested to have neuroprotective properties in neurodegenerative diseases. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective properties of noradrenaline, in this study, we investigated the effect of noradrenaline on the concentrations of intracellular GSH in human U-251 malignant glioma (MG; astrocytoma) cells. Treatment of the cells with noradrenaline for 24h concentration-dependently increased their intracellular GSH concentration. This increase was inhibited by a non-selective β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol and by a selective β3-adrenoceptor antagonist SR59230A, but not by a non-selective α-adrenoceptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine, or by a selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol or by a selective β2-adrenoceptor antagonist butoxamine. In addition, the selective β3-adrenoceptor agonist CL316243 increased the intracellular GSH in U-251 MG cells. Treatment of the cells with noradrenaline (10μM) for 24h increased the protein level of the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLc), the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis; and this increase was inhibited by SR59230A. These results thus suggest that noradrenaline increased the GSH concentration in astrocytes by inducing GCLc protein in them via β3-adrenoceptor stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yoshioka
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
| | - Hisatsugu Kadoi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
| | - Akiko Yamamuro
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ishimaru
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
| | - Sadaaki Maeda
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
An YW, Jhang KA, Woo SY, Kang JL, Chong YH. Sulforaphane exerts its anti-inflammatory effect against amyloid-β peptide via STAT-1 dephosphorylation and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 cascade in human THP-1 macrophages. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 38:1-10. [PMID: 26827637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, accounting for most cases of dementia in elderly individuals, and effective therapies are still lacking. This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of sulforaphane against Aβ1-42 monomers in human THP-1 microglia-like cells. The results showed that sulforaphane preferentially inhibited cathepsin B- and caspase-1-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by mostly Aβ1-42 monomers, an effect that potently reduced excessive secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Subsequent mechanistic studies revealed that sulforaphane mitigated the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 induced by Aβ1-42 monomers. Sulforaphane also increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation, which was followed by upregulation of heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1). The anti-inflammatory effect of sulforaphane on Aβ1-42-induced IL-1β production was diminished by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Nrf2 or HO-1. Moreover, sulforaphane significantly attenuated the levels of microRNA-146a, which is selectively upregulated in the temporal cortex and hippocampus of AD brains. The aforementioned effects of sulforaphane were replicated by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin A, and Nrf2 activator. These results indicate that signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 dephosphorylation, HO-1 and its upstream effector, Nrf2, play a pivotal role in triggering an anti-inflammatory signaling cascade of sulforaphane that results in decreases of IL-1β release and microRNA-146a production in Aβ1-42-stimulated human microglia-like cells. These findings suggest that the phytochemical sulforaphane has a potential application in AD therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Won An
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung A Jhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Youn Woo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihee Lee Kang
- Department of Physiology, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hae Chong
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Association of Neuroprotective Effect of Di-O-Demethylcurcumin on Aβ25-35-Induced Neurotoxicity with Suppression of NF-κB and Activation of Nrf2. Neurotox Res 2015; 29:80-91. [PMID: 26358194 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptides (Aβ), a major component of senile plaques, play an important role in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that Aβ-induced neuronal death is mediated by oxidative stress. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential involvement of di-O-demethylcurcumin, an analog of curcuminoid, on Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in culture neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-SH cells) through the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and the suppression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and their downstream targets. The results showed that pretreatment with di-O-demethylcurcumin elevated cell viability and decreased the level of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, treatment with di-O-demethylcurcumin promoted the translocation of Nrf2 protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, increased the expression of Nrf2-ARE pathway-related downstream proteins including heme oxygenase (HO-1), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase enzymes. On the other hand, di-O-demethylcurcumin suppressed the degradation of IκBα, translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB from cytoplasm to nucleus and thereby, attenuated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase protein and nitric oxide production. Taken together, these results suggest that neuroinflammatory effect of di-O-demethylcurcumin might potentially be due to inhibit NF-κB and activate Nrf2 signaling pathways induced by Aβ25-35.
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu X, Ye K, Weinshenker D. Norepinephrine Protects against Amyloid-β Toxicity via TrkB. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 44:251-60. [PMID: 25208620 DOI: 10.3233/jad-141062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC), the brainstem noradrenergic nucleus that is the sole source of norepinephrine (NE) in the forebrain, is one of the first structures affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Experimental ablation of the LC exacerbates, while increasing NE abates, AD-like neuropathology and cognitive deficits in animal models of the disease. Some neuroprotective effects of NE appear to be mediated by tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), the canonical receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Here, we report that NE dose-dependently protected primary cortical and LC neurons from amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity. The neuroprotective effects of NE were fully prevented by the Trk receptor antagonist K252a but only partially attenuated by adrenergic receptor antagonists and not mimicked by adrenergic agonists. Activation of TrkB by NE in cortical and LC neurons was confirmed by immunoblot and immunocytochemistry for phospho-TrkB. These results indicate that NE can activate TrkB and protect against Aβ toxicity, at least in part, via adrenergic receptor-independent mechanisms, and have implications for the consequences of LC degeneration in AD and potential therapies for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Álvarez-Diduk R, Galano A. Adrenaline and noradrenaline: protectors against oxidative stress or molecular targets? J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:3479-91. [PMID: 25646569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory was used to investigate the potential role of neurotransmitters adrenaline and noradrenaline regarding oxidative stress. It is predicted that they can be efficient as free radical scavengers both in lipid and aqueous media, with the main reaction mechanism being the hydrogen transfer and the sequential proton loss electron transfer, respectively. Despite the polarity of the environment, adrenaline and noradrenaline react with (•)OOH faster than Trolox, which suggests that they are better peroxyl radical scavengers than the reference compound. Both catecholamines are also proposed to be capable of efficiently inhibiting the oxidative stress induced by copper(II)-ascorbate mixtures, and the (•)OH production via Haber-Weiss reaction, albeit the effects on the later are only partial. They exert such beneficial effects by sequestering Cu(II) ions. In summary, these catecholamines can be capable of reducing oxidative stress, by scavenging free radicals and by sequestering metal ions. However, at the same time they might lose their functions in the process due to the associated structural modifications. Consequently, adrenaline and noradrenaline can be considered as both protectors and molecular targets of oxidative stress. Fortunately, under the proper conditions, both catecholamines can be regenerated to their original form so their functions are restored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruslán Álvarez-Diduk
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, C. P. 09340. México D.F., México
| | | |
Collapse
|